Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems for Utilization of Waste Natural Gas From Oilfields and Landfills

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enakshi Wikramanayake ◽  
Onur Ozkan ◽  
Vaibhav Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Annual Water

Excess natural gas produced in oilfields is routinely flared due to the absence of alternative uses. Similarly, landfills emit large quantities of methane, which is primarily flared or vented. Both these activities result in large scale energy waste and undesired methane and carbon dioxide emissions. This work examines the benefits of using excess natural gas to harvest atmospheric moisture. Natural gas-powered refrigeration systems can enable large scale dehumidification via condensation. The harvested water can be used for water-intensive operations like hydraulic fracturing, drilling and waterflooding in nearby oilfields. This solution thus addresses the issues of energy waste, water and greenhouse gas emissions A first-order model is used to estimate the water harvest, based on the gas flow rate, ambient weather and the refrigeration system. The benefits of flared gas-powered water harvesting are quantified for the Eagle Ford (Texas) and the Bakken (North Dakota) Shales, which account for the bulk of US flaring. The benefits of landfill gas-powered water harvesting are quantified for the Barnett (Texas), and Monterey (California) Shales, which can be served by 30 and 15 landfills, respectively. Overall, flared gas utilization for water production can meet 15% and 60% of the annual water requirements of the Eagle Ford and Bakken Shales, respectively. The water harvested using landfill gas (from nearby landfills) can meet 22% and 73% of the annual water requirements of the Barnett and Monterey Shales, respectively. This technology will also eliminate millions of trucking trips to transport water. Overall, this waste-to-value concept has global relevance, since a combination of excess gas availability, water scarcity and hot-humid conditions is common in many regions of the world.

Modeling humid air condensation in waste natural gas-powered atmospheric water harvesting systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Ozkan ◽  
Enakshi D. Wikramanayake ◽  
Vaibhav Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Liquefied natural gas as a backup fuel for TPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
S. N. Lenev ◽  
V. B. Perov ◽  
A. N. Vivchar ◽  
A. V. Okhlopkov ◽  
O. Y. Sigitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Consumption

Major trends in the development of the gas industry point to a large-scale expansion of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market, which continues to be a fast-growing segment compared to other energy sources. The national policy of the Russian Federation is aimed at developing the infrastructure of LNG complexes. This article analyses the world experience in the use of LNG complexes in gas consumption peak damping installations, which meet the conditions of LNG use as a backup fuel by PJSC Mosenergo branches (low-tonnage production combined with a large volume of LNG storage). It is shown that, in terms of the conditions of production and use of LNG at power plants, the most suitable are installations with 90–100% liquefaction of the incoming gas flow with an external refrigerating circuit using a mixed refrigerant or nitrogen, which provide the composition of regasified LNG almost identical to the composition of the source gas. The authors have formulated requirements for the development of energy-efficient LNG complexes at PJSC Mosenergo branches, including ensuring cycle energy consumption by expanding the network gas in the expander with utilization of refrigerating capacity in the liquefaction cycle, as well as cooling the compressed coolant of the refrigerating circuit by gas flows supplied further for combustion. The technological features of implementation of the LNG complex for production, storage and regasification of LNG as a reserve fuel for TPPs are reviewed. The study has shown that the most suitable power plant for the introduction of an LPG complex is TPP-22, for which a new fuel oil facility is being designed. Despite the current practice of using fuel oil and diesel fuel as backup fuels, LNG can have a competitive advantage through the use of secondary energy resources of TPPs. 

scholarly journals Case study on diagnosis and identify the degree of bottom hole liquid accumulation in double-branch horizontal wells in PCOC

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01071
Author(s):  
Tingwei Yao ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Minhao Guo ◽  
Zhilin Tuo ◽  
Haiyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Natural Gas Reservoirs

In the process of continuous production of natural gas wells, formation pressure and gas flow rate decrease continuously. The ability to carry liquid decreases continuously, thus gradually forming bottom hole liquid. Bottom hole liquid accumulation is an important reason for the decrease of production or shutdown of natural gas wells. How to diagnose whether there is liquid accumulation in natural gas wells and identify the degree of liquid accumulation, to adopt drainage gas recovery operation in time, is the research focus of efficient development of natural gas reservoirs. In this paper, a method for diagnosing bottom hole liquid accumulation combining production performance curve and modified Fernando inclined well critical liquid-carrying model is designed for a large scale double-branch horizontal well used in unconventional reservoirs. The method is applied to the Well X2 of He 8 Member in PCOC. The application results showed that there was no liquid accumulation in the horizontal and vertical sections of the Well X2. The liquid in the wellbore was generated at the bottom of the inclined section and the liquid accumulation is upward along the wellbore from the bottom of the inclined section, with the height of 3 m.

scholarly journals Water harvesting techniques for small communities in arid areas

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yuen ◽  
M. Anda ◽  
K. Mathew ◽  
G. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Harvesting Techniques

Limited water resources exist in numerous remote indigenous settlements around Australia. Indigenous people in these communities are still living in rudimentary conditions while their urban counterparts have full amenities, large scale water supplies and behavioral practices which may not be appropriate for an arid continent but are supported by extensive infrastructure in higher rainfall coastal areas. As remote indigenous communities continue to develop, their water use will increase, and in some cases, costly solutions may have to be implemented to augment supplies. Water harvesting techniques have been applied in settlements on a small scale for domestic and municipal purposes, and in the large, broadacre farm setting for productive use of the water. The techniques discussed include swales, infiltration basins, infiltration trenches and “sand dam” basins. This paper reviews the applications of water harvesting relevant to small communities for land rehabilitation, landscaping and flood control. Landscaping is important in these communities as it provides shelter from the sun and wind, reduces soil erosion and hence reduced airborne dust, and in some cases provides food and nutrition. Case studies of water harvesting systems applied in the Pilbara Region, Western Australia for landscaping around single dwellings in Jigalong and Cheeditha, in a permaculture garden in Wittenoon and at a college and carpark in Karratha are described.

PROTOTIPE APLIKASI PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS MICRO CONTOLLER ATMEGA 328

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Rudi Budi Agung ◽  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
Didi Sukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Working Principle

The Indonesian country which is famous for its tropical climate has now experienced a shift in two seasons (dry season and rainy season). This has an impact on cropping and harvesting systems among farmers. In large scale this is very influential considering that farmers in Indonesia are stilldependent on rainfall which results in soil moisture. Some types of plants that are very dependent on soil moisture will greatly require rainfall or water for growth and development. Through this research, researchers tried to make a prototype application for watering plants using ATMEGA328 microcontroller based soil moisture sensor. Development of application systems using the prototype method as a simple method which is the first step and can be developed again for large scale. The working principle of this prototype is simply that when soil moisture reaches a certainthreshold (above 56%) then the system will work by activating the watering system, if it is below 56% the system does not work or in other words soil moisture is considered sufficient for certain plant needs.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

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