Investigating Pressure Wave Impact on a Surrogate Head Model Using Numerical Simulation Techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Banton ◽  
Thuvan Piehler ◽  
Nicole Zander ◽  
Richard Benjamin ◽  
Josh Duckworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Simulation Techniques

Abstract There is an urgent need to understand the mechanism leading to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resulting from blast wave impact to the head. The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have heightened the awareness of head impact injuries to military personnel resulting from exposure to blast waves [1, 2]. A blast wave generated in air is a by-product of the detonation of an explosive [3]. To date the mechanism resulting in mTBI from primary blast insult is still unclear.

Simulation of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury using Finite Element Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krishnaveni ◽  
D. Dominic Xavier ◽  
R. Sarathkumar ◽  
G. Kavitha ◽  
M. Senbagan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
The Brain

Because of increase in threat from militant groups and during war exposure to blast wave from improvised explosive devices, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a signature injury is on rise worldwide. During blast, the biological system is exposed to a sudden blast over pressure which is several times higher than the ambient pressure causing the damage in the brain. The severity of TBI due to air blast may vary from brief change in mental status or consciousness (termed as mild) to extended period of unconsciousness or memory loss after injuries (termed as severe). The blast wave induced impact on head propagates as shock wave with the broad spectrum of frequencies and stress concentrations in the brain. The primary blast TBI is directly induced by pressure differentials across the skull/fluid/soft tissue interfaces and is further reinforced by the reflected stress waves within the cranial cavity, leading to stress concentrations in certain regions of the brain. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the behaviour of a human brain model subjected to blast wave based on finite element model using LSDYNA code. The parts of a typical human head such as skull, scalp, CSF, brain are modelled using finite element with properties assumed based on available literature. The model is subjected to blast from frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe of the brain. The interaction of the blast wave with the head and subsequent transformation of various forms of shock energy internally have been demonstrated in the human head model. The brain internal pressure levels and the shear stress distribution in the various lobes of the brain such as frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital are determined and presented.

Cerebral Blood Pressure Rise During Blast Exposure in a Rat Model of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Assari ◽  
Kaveh Laksari ◽  
Mary Barbe ◽  
Kurosh Darvish
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been called the signature wound of war in the past decade. The mechanisms of such injuries are not yet completely understood. One of the proposed hypotheses is the transfer of pressure wave from large torso blood vessels to the cerebrovasculature as a major contributing factor to bTBI. The aim of this study was to investigate this hypothesis by measuring cerebral blood pressure rise during blast exposure and comparing two scenarios of head-only or chest-only exposures to the blast wave. The results showed that the cerebral blood pressure rise was significantly higher in chest-only exposure, and caused infiltration of blood-borne macrophages into the brain. It is concluded that a significantly high pressure wave transfers from torso to cerebrovasculature during exposure of the chest to a blast wave. This wave may lead to blood-brain barrier disruption and consequently trigger secondary neuronal damage.

scholarly journals A Novel Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Focal Primary Overpressure Blast to the Cranium in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie H. Guley ◽  
Joshua T. Rogers ◽  
Nobel A. Del Mar ◽  
Yunping Deng ◽  
Rafiqul M. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Closed Head

scholarly journals Righting Reflex Predicts Long-Term Histological and Behavioral Outcomes in a Closed Head Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0161053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Grin’kina ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Margalit Haber ◽  
Michael Sangobowale ◽  
Elena Nikulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Righting Reflex

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among UK military personnel whilst deployed in Afghanistan in 2011

Brain Injury ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jones ◽  
Nicola T. Fear ◽  
Roberto Rona ◽  
Mohammed Fertout ◽  
Gursimran Thandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Military Personnel

scholarly journals Inpatient Hospitalizations of U.S. Military Personnel Medically Evacuated From Iraq and Afghanistan With Combat-Related Traumatic Brain Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Heltemes ◽  
Amber L. Dougherty ◽  
Andrew J. MacGregor ◽  
Michael R. Galarneau
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Inpatient Hospitalizations

Symptoms of post-concussional syndrome are non-specifically related to mild traumatic brain injury in UK Armed Forces personnel on return from deployment in Iraq: an analysis of self-reported data

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Fear ◽  
E. Jones ◽  
M. Groom ◽  
N. Greenberg ◽  
L. Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Data

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is being claimed as the ‘signature’ injury of the Iraq war, and is believed to be the cause of long-term symptomatic ill health (post-concussional syndrome; PCS) in an unknown proportion of military personnel.MethodWe analysed cross-sectional data from a large, randomly selected cohort of UK military personnel deployed to Iraq (n=5869). Two markers of PCS were generated: ‘PCS symptoms’ (indicating the presence of mTBI-related symptoms: none, 1–2, 3+) and ‘PCS symptom severity’ (indicating the presence of mTBI-related symptoms at either a moderate or severe level of severity: none, 1–2, 3+).ResultsPCS symptoms and PCS symptom severity were associated with self-reported exposure to blast whilst in a combat zone. However, the same symptoms were also associated with other in-theatre exposures such as potential exposure to depleted uranium and aiding the wounded. Strong associations were apparent between having PCS symptoms and other health outcomes, in particular being a post-traumatic stress disorder or General Health Questionnaire case.ConclusionsPCS symptoms are common and some are related to exposures such as blast injury. However, this association is not specific, and the same symptom complex is also related to numerous other risk factors and exposures. Post-deployment screening for PCS and/or mTBI in the absence of contemporaneous recording of exposure is likely to be fraught with hazards.

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