Evaluation of a Spark Discharge Particulate Matter Sensor in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Gardiner ◽  
William D. Allan ◽  
Marc LaViolette
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Sensor Temperature ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes an experimental study of a Particulate Matter (PM) sensor that is intended for on-board control and diagnostic applications in diesel engines. The sensor measures the exhaust PM concentration based upon changes in the voltage waveform of a repetitive, low energy spark discharge. The sensor is electrically heated to prevent carbon fouling from diesel soot and to control its operating temperature. Earlier versions of the sensor were installed directly in the engine exhaust pipe like an Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor. It was determined that the output of the PM sensor was sensitive to temperature as well as PM concentration, and variations in exhaust temperature made it difficult to maintain the sensor at a constant temperature. In the present study, the sensor was mounted in an electrically heated chamber and a portion of the engine exhaust was bypassed through the chamber. This made it possible to improve the stability of the sensor temperature, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the PM indication to changes in exhaust temperature as the engine load was varied. The PM sensor has been evaluated using a Caterpillar Model 3126 turbocharged 6-cylinder medium duty diesel engine. Small changes in load were used to create minor variations in exhaust PM levels. The PM levels were measured using an AVL 415S smoke meter. Experimental results are presented showing the correlation between the PM sensor signal and the reference PM measurements and the impact of speed and load variations on the correlation.

A Study on Exhaust Gas Emission Control Technology of Marine Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1804-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhou ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jin Xi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical Measures

This paper introduces the impact on the marine environment caused by marine diesel engine exhaust pollution and the regulations made by IMO to control the marine diesel engine emissions. And it summarizes the main technical measures to reduce SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions from the marine diesel. It also points that the combination application of various technologies will be the research direction to reduce the emission of marine diesel engine in the future.

Impact of military JP-8 fuel on heavy-duty diesel engine performance and emissions

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fernandes ◽  
J Fuschetto ◽  
Z Filipi ◽  
D Assanis ◽  
H McKee
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Investigating the impact of jet fuel on diesel engine performance and emissions is very important for military vehicles, due to the US Army Single Fuel Forward Policy mandating that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel, due to its lower density and viscosity. On the other hand, a few experimental studies have suggested that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter, compared to diesel fuel #2 (DF-2). However, studies so far have typically focused on quantifying the effects of simply replacing the regular DF-2 with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy-duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance, and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose changes to the engine calibration to mitigate the impact of the trade-offs. Experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched, without smoke or NO x penalty, by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for the lower fuel density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 caused an increased ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, and their cumulative effect led to relatively unchanged combustion phasing. Under almost all conditions, JP-8 led to lower NO x and particulate matter (PM) emissions and shifted the NO x-PM trade-off favourably.

Combustion properties of particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust

2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Hyouk Choi ◽  
Yozo Korai ◽  
Isao Mochida
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust ◽  
Combustion Properties

scholarly journals Ecological Impacts of Diesel Engine Emissions

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Jurić ◽  
Dino Županović
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This article deals with the ecological impacts of chemical substances that are found in the structure of Diesel engine exhaust gases and provides an overview of legislation that limits their maximum allowable emissions. Special consideration is given to the previously mostly neglected negative impact of particulate matter compared to the impact of carbon dioxide. Negative impact of particulates is especially noted as direct negative impact on human health whereby the expenses associated with medical treatment exceed the financial savings resulting from the usage of Diesel powered vehicles. Therefore, the paper presents the knowledge acquired through previous scientific research in the economically most developed countries, as well as the tendencies for the reduction of negative impacts of Diesel exhaust gases.

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Peck ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Hsi-Wu Wong ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Volatile Precursors ◽  
The Impact

Aircraft exhaust contains nonvolatile (soot) particulate matter (PM), trace gas pollutants, and volatile PM precursor material. Nonvolatile soot particles are predominantly present at the engine exit plane, but volatile PM precursors form new particles or add mass to the existing ones as the exhaust is diluted and cooled. Accurately characterizing the volatile PM mass, number, and size distribution is challenging due to this evolving nature and the impact of local ambient conditions on the gas-to-particle conversion processes. To accurately and consistently measure the aircraft PM emissions, a dilution and aging sampling system that can condense volatile precursors to particle phase to simulate atmospheric evolution of aircraft engine exhaust has been developed. In this paper, field demonstration of its operation is described. The dilution/aging probe system was tested using both a combustor rig and on-wing CFM56-7 engines. During the combustor rig testing at NASA Glenn Research Center, the dilution/aging probe supported formation of both nucleation/growth mode particles and soot coatings. The results showed that by increasing residence time, the nucleation particles become larger in size, increase in total mass, and decrease in number. During the on-wing CFM56-7 engine testing at Chicago Midway Airport, the dilution/aging probe was able to form soot coatings as well as nucleation mode particles, unlike conventional 1-m probe engine measurements. The number concentration of nucleation particles depended on sample fraction and relative humidity of the dilution air. The performance of the instrument is analyzed and explained using computational microphysics simulations.

A Finite-Difference Approach for Solving the Gas Dynamics in an Engine Exhaust

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Ledger
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Finite Difference Schemes ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine

Finite-difference schemes have been considered for solving the unsteady, compressible gas flow in the exhaust pipe of a turbocharged diesel engine. The most promising scheme, based on centred differencing, was developed to incorporate the boundary conditions applicable to the exhaust problem. Good comparisons were obtained with results for pipe pressure from characteristics programmes at intermediate and final stages of the development. Recommendations are made for reducing the computation time of the centred-difference programme.

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Peck ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Hsi-Wu Wong ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Volatile Precursors ◽  
The Impact

Aircraft exhaust contains nonvolatile (soot) particulate matter (PM), trace gas pollutants, and volatile PM precursor material. Nonvolatile soot particles are predominantly present at the engine exit plane, but volatile PM precursors form new particles or add mass to the existing ones as the exhaust is diluted and cooled. Accurately characterizing the volatile PM mass, number, and size distribution is challenging due to this evolving nature and the impact of local ambient conditions on the gas-to-particle conversion processes. To accurately and consistently measure the aircraft PM emissions, a dilution and aging sampling system that can condense volatile precursors to particle phase to simulate the atmospheric evolution of aircraft engine exhaust has been developed. In this paper, a field demonstration of its operation is described. The dilution/aging probe system was tested using both a combustor rig and on-wing CFM56-7 engines. During the combustor rig testing at NASA Glenn Research Center, the dilution/aging probe supported formation of both nucleation/growth mode particles and soot coatings. The results showed that by increasing residence time, the nucleation particles become larger in size, increase in total mass, and decrease in number. During the on-wing CFM56-7 engine testing at Chicago Midway Airport, the dilution/aging probe was able to form soot coatings along with nucleation mode particles, unlike conventional 1-m probe engine measurements. The number concentration of nucleation particles depended on the sample fraction and relative humidity of the dilution air. The performance of the instrument is analyzed and explained using computational microphysics simulations.

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