scholarly journals Impact of Advanced Fuel Cycles on Uncertainty Associated With Geologic Repositories

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob P. Rechard ◽  
Joon Lee ◽  
Mark Sutton ◽  
Harris R. Greenberg ◽  
Bruce A. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Fuel Cycles ◽  
Geologic Disposal ◽  
Advanced Fuel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides a qualitative evaluation of the impact of advanced fuel cycles, particularly partition and transmutation of actinides, on the uncertainty associated with geologic disposal. Based on the discussion, advanced fuel cycles, will not materially alter (1) the repository performance, (2) the spread in dose results around the mean, (3) the modeling effort to include significant features, events, and processes in the performance assessment, or (4) the characterization of uncertainty associated with a geologic disposal system in the regulatory environment of the United States.

Characterization of Booming Sands

2002 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Brantley ◽  
Melany L. Hunt ◽  
Christopher E. Brennen ◽  
Steven S. Gao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Narrow Size Distribution ◽  
Dune Sands ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTMany sand dunes – at least seven in the United States – make loud booming noises when they avalanche. Records of the sound are centuries old, but the cause remains a mystery. This study examines properties of both the sand and the sound.Properties of the sand reveal clues about the source of the booming. Sand must be extremely dry to boom, but low moisture content alone is not sufficient to facilitate booming. Although the mean grain diameters of both booming and silent dune sands range from 0.20 – 0.40mm, the booming samples have smaller standard deviations. However, synthetic sands with similar size distributions do not boom, so a narrow size distribution cannot be solely responsible for the booming. Studies of the roundness and sphericity of the grains are currently underway.Air microphone and geophone recordings of the booming indicate that the fundamental frequency varies between 80–105 Hz depending on the dunes. This is consistent with previous measurements. Laboratory recordings of the “burping” sound that booming sand makes when shaken in a jar reveal a broad peak between 150–300 Hz.

scholarly journals Framing immigrants as seekers of social benefits: a transnational examination of the impact of the Great Recession at the family-level and the development of anti-immigrant anxieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernández-Barutell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Substantial research has addressed the association between economic factors (e.g., employment rate) and perception of immigrants among the general public in the host societies. This study used the Transatlantic Trends Survey 2014 to examine whether the characterization of immigrants as social benefits seekers is related to one´s family financial situation being greatly affected by the Great Recession. We conducted a series of ordinal logistic regressions to compare three different geopolitical contexts, namely the United States, the Southern Europe region, and the triad France-Germany-United Kingdom. Our results confirmed that framing immigrants as social benefits seekers is indeed related to one´s family being greatly impacted by the Great Recession. Significantly, the direction of such association varies among contexts, as those greatly impacted by the crisis in Southern Europe showed lower odds of framing immigrants as social benefits seekers, while the opposite happening in both the United States and the triad France-Germany-United Kingdom. Recommendations for practice and research are discussed. 

Abstract P062: The Impact of High Fasting Plasma Glucose on Cardiovascular Health at the State-level in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanyin Ong ◽  
Ashkan Afshin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the impact of FPG on CVD mortality and morbidity at the state-level in the US has not been systematically evaluated. Objective: To quantify the number of CVD deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high FPG by age, sex, year and state among US adults from 1990 to 2016. Methods: We used a spatio-temporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) to estimate the mean FPG level by age, sex, year and state. The inputs to the ST-GPR model included data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, state-specific prevalence of obesity, and per-capita lag-distributed income in each state. Using the mean FPG and prevalence of diabetes in each state, we characterized the distribution of the FPG at the state-level. Then, we used the Global Burden of Disease study comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the CVD deaths and DALYs attributable to high FPG. Results: In 2016, there were 180,440 CVD deaths attributable to high FPG in the United States: 77% due to ischemic stroke, 21% due to cerebrovascular disease, and <1% due to peripheral artery disease. Alaska had the lowest attributable death rate for both males and females (66.9 per 100,000 and 55.4 per 100,000, respectively) and West Virginia had the highest attributable death rate for both males and females (227.3 per 100,000 and 186.4 per 100,000, respectively). This is contrasted to DALYS, where Colorado had the lowest attributable DALYS rate for both males and females (1,732 DALYS per 100,000 1,379 DALYS per 100,000, respectively) and West Virginia had the highest attributable DALY rate for both males and females (5,219 DALYS per 100,000 and 3,965 DALYS per 100,000, respectively). (Figure) Conclusions: Our results highlight the need for evidence-based intervention to control FPG to effectively prevent CVD.

The Regulatory and Marketing Environment Surrounding the Legalization of Retail Marijuana and the Impact on Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kelly ◽  
Christopher Berry ◽  
Maria Leonora G. Comello ◽  
Heather Bowen Ray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the intersections of emerging recreational marijuana policy and large-scale contemporary marketing practices. The authors examine the evolution of current policies and the overall regulatory environment related to the legalization and marketing of recreational marijuana in the United States, exploring current and possible effects of marijuana legalization on adolescent uptake. Although the federal government still classifies marijuana as a Schedule I drug and prohibits possession and sale of the drug for both medical and recreational purposes, states are moving toward legalization. Implications of legalization are explored from the perspectives of regulation, harm reduction, and risk perception. The authors make recommendations and develop propositions regarding future research needed to evaluate the marketing implications and regulatory efforts aimed at U.S. adolescents.

scholarly journals Impact of lightning-NO on eastern United States photochemistry during the summer of 2006 as determined using the CMAQ model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Allen ◽  
K. E. Pickering ◽  
R. W. Pinder ◽  
B. H. Henderson ◽  
K. W. Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Central ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
No Emissions

Abstract. A lightning-nitrogen oxide (NO) algorithm is implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) and used to evaluate the impact of lightning-NO emissions (LNOx) on tropospheric photochemistry over the United States during the summer of 2006. For a 500 mole per flash lightning-NO source, the mean summertime tropospheric NO2 column agrees with satellite-retrieved columns to within −5 to +13%. Temporal fluctuations in the column are moderately well simulated; however, the addition of LNOx does not lead to a better simulation of day-to-day variability. The contribution of lightning-NO to the model column ranges from ∼10% in the northern US to >45% in the south-central and southeastern US. Lightning-NO adds up to 20 ppbv to upper tropospheric model ozone and 1.5–4.5 ppbv to 8-h maximum surface layer ozone, although, on average, the contribution of LNOx to model surface ozone is 1–2 ppbv less on poor air quality days. LNOx increases wet deposition of oxidized nitrogen by 43% and total deposition of nitrogen by 10%. This additional deposition reduces the mean magnitude of the CMAQ low-bias in nitrate wet deposition with respect to National Atmospheric Deposition monitors to near zero. Differences in urban/rural biases between model and satellite-retrieved NO2 columns were examined to identify possible problems in model chemistry and/or transport. CMAQ columns were too large over urban areas. Biases at other locations were minor after accounting for the impacts of lightning-NO emissions and the averaging kernel on model columns. In order to obtain an upper bound on the contribution of uncertainties in NOy chemistry to upper tropospheric NOx low biases, sensitivity calculations with updated chemistry were run for the time period of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-A) field campaign (summer 2004). After adjusting for possible interferences in NO2 measurements and averaging over the entire campaign, these updates reduced 7–9 km biases from 32 to 17% and 9–12 km biases from 57 to 46%. While these changes lead to better agreement, a considerable unexplained NO2 low-bias remains in the uppermost troposphere.

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