Cooling Performance of a Narrow Impingement Channel Including the Introduction of Cross Flow Upstream of the First Hole

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Chambers ◽  
David R. H. Gillespie ◽  
Peter T. Ireland ◽  
Geoffrey M. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Impingement Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale Model

Impingement channels are often used in turbine blade cooling configurations. This paper examines the heat transfer performance of a typical integrally cast impingement channel. Detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions on all heat transfer surfaces were obtained in a series of low temperature experiments carried out in a large-scale model of a turbine cooling system using liquid crystal techniques. All experiments were performed on a model of a 19-hole, low aspect ratio impingement channel. The effect of flow introduced at the inlet to the channel on the impingement heat transfer within the channel was investigated. A novel test technique has been applied to determine the effect of the initial cross flow on jet penetration. The experiments were performed at an engine representative Reynolds number of 20,000 and examined the effect of additional initial cross flow up to 10% of the total mass flow.

The Effect of Initial Cross Flow on the Cooling Performance of a Narrow Impingement Channel

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Chambers ◽  
David R. H. Gillespie ◽  
Peter T. Ireland ◽  
Geoffrey M. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Turbine Cooling

Impingement channels are often used in turbine blade cooling configurations. This paper examines the heat transfer performance of a typical integrally cast impingement channel. Detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions on all heat transfer surfaces were obtained in a series of low temperature experiments carried out in a large-scale model of a turbine cooling system using liquid crystal techniques. All experiments were performed on a model of a 19-hole, low aspect ratio impingement channel. The effect of flow introduced at the inlet to the channel on the impingement heat transfer within the channel was investigated. A novel test technique has been applied to determine the effect of the initial cross flow on jet penetration. The experiments were performed at an engine representative Reynolds number of 20,000 and examined the effect of additional initial cross flow up to 10 percent of the total mass flow. It was shown that initial cross flow strongly influenced the heat transfer performance with just 10 percent initial cross flow able to reduce the mean target plate jet effectiveness by 57 percent.

Effect of an Oscillating Flow Direction on Leading Edge Heat Transfer

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Marziale ◽  
R. E. Mayle
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Strouhal Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Periodic Variation ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Turbulence Length

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effect of a periodic variation in the angle of attack on heat transfer at the leading edge of a gas turbine blade. A circular cylinder was used as a large-scale model of the leading edge region. The cylinder was placed in a wind tunnel and was oscillated rotationally about its axis. The incident flow Reynolds number and the Strouhal number of oscillation were chosen to model an actual turbine condition. Incident turbulence levels up to 4.9 percent were produced by grids placed upstream of the cylinder. The transfer rate was measured using a mass transfer technique and heat transfer rates inferred from the results. A direct comparison of the unsteady and steady results indicate that the effect is dependent on the Strouhal number, turbulence level, and the turbulence length scale, but that the largest observed effect was only a 10 percent augmentation at the nominal stagnation position.

scholarly journals Full Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics of Stator Ventilation Duct of a Turbine Generator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jeon ◽  
Changmin Son ◽  
Jangsik Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Surface Heat Transfer ◽  
Ventilation Duct ◽  
Flow Case

Turbine generator operates with complex cooling system due to the challenge in controlling the peak temperature of the stator bar caused by ohm loss, which is unavoidable. Therefore, it is important to characterise and quantifies the thermal performance of the cooling system. The focus of the present research is to investigate the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of typical cooling system, so-called stator ventilation duct. A real scale model was built at its operating conditions for the present study. The direction of cooling air is varied to consider its operation condition, so that there are (1) outward flow and (2) inward flow cases. In addition, the effect of (3) cross flow (inward with cross flow case) is also studied. The transient heat transfer method using thermochromic liquid crystals is implemented to measure full surface heat transfer distribution. A series of Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis is also conducted to support the observation from the experiment. For the inward flow case, the results suggest that the average Nusselt number of the 2nd duct is about 30% higher than the 3rd duct. The trend is similar with the effect of cross flow. The CFD results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

An Experimental Study of Impingement Heat Transfer on the Surfaces With Micro W-Shaped Ribs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Rao ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Test Plate ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Impingement Heat Transfer

The paper proposed an idea of using micro-W-shaped ribs on a test plate to improve the impingement heat transfer performance in a multiple-jet impingement cooling system. An experimental study has been conducted on the heat transfer characteristics of multiple-jet impingement onto a flat plate and a roughened plate with micro W-shaped ribs under maximum cross flow scheme. Transient liquid crystal thermography method has been used to obtain the detailed impingement heat transfer distribution for the Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 30,000.The effects of micro W ribs on the local Nusselt number and the related pressure loss were investigated experimentally. The jet-to-plate spacing H/d=1.5 was used in the experiments for both the flat and the micro-W-rib roughened plate. The experiments showed that the micro W ribs on the plate can enhance the impingement heat transfer globally and locally, and increase the heat transfer uniformity, which are due to the facts that the micro W ribs on the test plate increase the near-wall turbulent mixing by interacting with the wall jets and cross flow. The pressure loss is negligibly increased compared to the impingement onto the flat plate.

Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of an Engine Representative Impingement Cooling System

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changmin Son ◽  
David Gillespie ◽  
Peter Ireland ◽  
Geoffrey M. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Surface Shear Stress ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Impingement Cooling

A study of a large-scale model of an engine representative impingement cooling system has been performed. A series of tests were carried out to characterize the behavior of the system fully. These included cold flow diagnostic tests to determine the pressure loss and the static pressure distribution, and flow visualization to assess surface shear. The surface shear stress pattern provided by multiple stripes of colored paint applied to the target surface yielded important information on the near-wall flow features far from the jet axis. The row solved flow and pressure distributions are compared to industry standard predictions. Heat transfer tests using the transient liquid crystal technique were also conducted using coatings comprised of a mixture of three thermochromic liquid crystals. Analysis of the thermochromic liquid crystal data was enhanced by recent developments in image processing. In addition, an energy balance analysis of signals from fast-response thermocouples for air temperature measurement was applied to verify the levels of heat transfer coefficients on surfaces not coated with the temperature-sensitive liquid crystal.

The Effect of Impingement Jet Heat Transfer on Casing Contraction in a Turbine Case Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orpheas Tapanlis ◽  
Myeonggeun Choi ◽  
David R. H. Gillespie ◽  
Leo V. Lewis ◽  
Carlo Ciccomascolo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Number Range

This paper reports full local Nusselt number distributions under an array of impinging jets typical of those used for thermal tip clearance control through casing contraction. Characteristic features of this type of application are sparse arrays of short cooling holes flowing at low jet Reynolds numbers (700–11,000) and large stand-off distances from the surface into a semi-confined passage with multiple exits. These features are captured in a large scale model, approximately ten times engine scale. Heat transfer measurements are made using the transient thermochromic liquid crystal technique. The measurement domain was extended far downstream of the impingement array. This allowed the entire heat transfer coefficient distribution contributing to the contraction of the liner around the rotor blades to be captured. CFD studies were conducted to characterize the flow field obtained, which in turn is helpful in understanding the drivers of heat transfer. The results are compared to existing industry standard correlations, which are generally outside the geometric and Reynolds number range of interest. It was shown that, for the tested geometries, the heat transfer was sensibly unaffected by whether the flow was exhausted through one side of the exit passage or equally in both directions, and the bulk flow field could be predicted using a modified distributed injection model. The heat transfer coefficient distributions are linked to a thermal-mechanical finite element model to provide thermal boundary conditions on an idealized representation of the casing for casing contraction in the presence of cooling scheme. For one of the geometries tested, data from an engine casing thermocouple survey have been compared to predictions of casing temperature determined using the measured heat transfer coefficient distributions and these show reasonable agreement.

Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of an Engine Representative Impingement Cooling System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changmin Son ◽  
David Gillespie ◽  
Peter Ireland ◽  
Geoffrey M. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Flow Visualisation ◽  
Surface Shear Stress ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Energy Balance Approach

A study of a large-scale model of an engine representative impingement cooling system has been performed. A series of tests have been carried out to fully characterise the behaviour of the system. These include cold flow diagnostic tests to determine the pressure loss and the static pressure distribution, and flow visualisation to assess surface shear. The surface shear stress pattern provided by multiple stripes of coloured paint applied to the target surface yielded important information on the near wall flow features far from the jet axis. The row solved flow and pressure distributions are compared to industry standard predictions. Heat transfer tests using the transient liquid crystal technique were also conducted using coatings comprised of a mixture of three thermochromic liquid crystals. Analysis of the thermochromic liquid crystal data was enhanced by recent developments in image processing. In addition, an energy balance approach to analysing signals from fast response thermocouples for air temperature measurement was applied to verify the levels of heat transfer coefficients on surfaces not coated with the temperature sensitive liquid crystal.

scholarly journals Full Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics of Stator Ventilation Duct of a Turbine Generator

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4137
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jeon ◽  
Changmin Son ◽  
Jangsik Yang ◽  
Sunghoon Ha ◽  
Kyeha Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Surface Heat Transfer ◽  
Ventilation Duct ◽  
Flow Case

Turbine generators operate with complex cooling systems due to the challenge in controlling the peak temperature of the stator bar caused by Ohm loss, which is unavoidable. Therefore, it is important to characterize and quantify the thermal performance of the cooling system. The focus of the present research is to investigate the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a typical cooling system, the so-called stator ventilation duct. A real scale model was built at its operating conditions for the present study. The direction of cooling air was varied to consider its operation condition, so that there are: (1) outward flow; and (2) inward flow cases. In addition, the effect of (3) cross flow (inward with cross flow case) was also studied. The transient heat transfer method using thermochromic liquid crystals is implemented to measure full surface heat transfer distribution. A series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were also conducted to support the observation from the experiment. For the outward flow case, the results suggest that the average Nusselt numbers of the 2nd and 3rd ducts are at maximum 100% and 30% higher, respectively, than the inward flow case. The trend was similar with the effect of cross flow. The CFD results were in good agreement with the experimental data.

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