Flow-Independent Viscoelastic Response of Bovine Articular Cartilage Under Dynamic Tensile Loading

Theoretical Predictions ◽

The objective of the current study was to characterize the mechanical response of bovine articular cartilage under dynamic tensile loading. Testing was performed under an applied stress magnitude of 1.3 MPa and frequencies from 10−4 Hz to 10 Hz. The dynamic tensile modulus ranged from 20.1±7.0 MPa at 10−4 Hz to 64.0±9.7 MPa at 10 Hz. The phase angle derived from the area under the stress-strain hysteresis loop changed from 21.4±6.9° at 10−4 Hz to 1.1±0.2° at 10 Hz. Based on earlier theoretical predictions, the observed viscoelastic response in tension may be attributed to the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the collagen-proteoglycan matrix.

Mechanical response of porcine hind leg muscles under dynamic tensile loading

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104279 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104279

Author(s):

Yaoke Wen ◽

Tingyu Zhang ◽

Wenmin Yan ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Guanghua Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Response ◽

Tensile Loading ◽

Leg Muscles ◽

Mechanical response of bovine articular cartilage under dynamic unconfined compression loading at physiological stress levels

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2003.08.005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

S Park ◽

C.T Hung ◽

G.A Ateshian

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Unconfined Compression ◽

Compression Loading ◽

Stress Levels

Mechanical response of pig skin under dynamic tensile loading

International Journal of Impact Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.09.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (2-3) ◽

pp. 130-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Jaeyoung Lim ◽

Jihye Hong ◽

Weinong W. Chen ◽

Tusit Weerasooriya

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Response ◽

Tensile Loading ◽

Pig Skin ◽

Nonlinear Tensile Properties of Bovine Articular Cartilage and Their Variation With Age and Depth

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1688771 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Mathieu Charlebois ◽

Marc D. McKee ◽

Michael D. Buschmann

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Uniaxial Tension ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Compressive Properties ◽

Relaxation Period ◽

Nonlinear Properties ◽

Tensile Stiffness ◽

Tension Tests ◽

Order Of Magnitude

Tensile stiffness of articular cartilage is much greater than its compressive stiffness and plays an essential role even in compressive properties by increasing transient fluid pressures during physiological loading. Recent studies of nonlinear properties of articular cartilage in compression revealed several physiologically pertinent nonlinear behaviors, all of which required that cartilage tensile stiffness increase significantly with stretch. We therefore performed sequences of uniaxial tension tests on fresh bovine articular cartilage slices using a protocol that allowed several hours to attain equilibrium and measured longitudinal and transverse tissue strain. By testing bovine cartilage from different ages (6 months to 6 years) we found that equilibrium and transient tensile modulus increased significantly with maturation and age, from 0 to 15 MPa at equilibrium and from 10 to 28 MPa transiently. Our results indicate that cartilage stiffens with age in a manner similar to other highly hydrated connective tissues, possibly due to age-dependent content of enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross links. The long relaxation period used in our tests (5–10 hours) was necessary in order to attain equilibrium and avoid a very significant overestimation of equilibrium modulus that occurs when much shorter times are used (15–30 minutes). We also found that equilibrium and transient tensile modulus increased nonlinearly when cartilage is stretched from 0 to 10% strain without any previous tare load. Although our results estimate a nonlinear increase in tensile stiffness with stretch that is an order of magnitude lower than that required to predict nonlinear properties in compression, they are in agreement with previous results from other uniaxial tension tests of collagenous materials. We therefore speculate that biaxial tensile moduli may be much higher and thereby more compatible with observed nonlinear compressive properties.

Spalling fracture mechanism of granite subjected to dynamic tensile loading

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China ◽

10.1016/s1003-6326(21)65642-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 2116-2127

Author(s):

Lin-qi HUANG ◽

Jun WANG ◽

Aliakbar MOMENI ◽

Shao-feng WANG

Keyword(s):

Fracture Mechanism ◽

Tensile Loading ◽

Spalling Fracture ◽

Sphingomyelinase decreases type II collagen expression in bovine articular cartilage chondrocytes via the ERK signaling pathway

Arthritis & Rheumatism ◽

10.1002/art.23172 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 209-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. J. Gilbert ◽

E. J. Blain ◽

V. C. Duance ◽

D. J. Mason

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Type Ii Collagen ◽

Erk Signaling ◽

Type Ii ◽

Collagen Expression

Experimental Analysis of Ratcheting Failure Based on the Piezomagnetic Response of X80 Pipeline Steel

Volume 4: Materials Technology ◽

10.1115/omae2017-62170 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sheng Bao ◽

Shengnan Hu ◽

Yibin Gu

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Pipeline Steel ◽

Failure Process ◽

Failure Behavior ◽

X80 Pipeline Steel ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

The Magnetic Field

The objective of this research is to explore the correlation between the piezomagnetic response and ratcheting failure behavior under asymmetrical cyclic stressing in X80 pipeline steel. The magnetic field variations from cycle to cycle were recorded simultaneously during the whole-life ratcheting test. Analysis made in the present work shows that the piezomagnetic hysteresis loop evolves systematically with the number of cycles in terms of its shape and position. Corresponding to the three-stage process in the mechanical response, piezomagnetic response can also be divided into three principal stages, but the evolution of magnetic parameter is more complex. Furthermore, the loading branch and unloading branch of the magnetic field-stress hysteresis loop separate gradually from each other during ratcheting failure process, leading to the shape of hysteresis loop changes completely. Therefore, the progressive degradation of the steel under ratcheting can be tracked by following the evolution of the piezomagnetic field. And the shape transition of the hysteresis loop can be regarded as an early warning of the ratcheting failure.