Experimental Analysis of Ratcheting Failure Based on the Piezomagnetic Response of X80 Pipeline Steel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Bao ◽  
Shengnan Hu ◽  
Yibin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The objective of this research is to explore the correlation between the piezomagnetic response and ratcheting failure behavior under asymmetrical cyclic stressing in X80 pipeline steel. The magnetic field variations from cycle to cycle were recorded simultaneously during the whole-life ratcheting test. Analysis made in the present work shows that the piezomagnetic hysteresis loop evolves systematically with the number of cycles in terms of its shape and position. Corresponding to the three-stage process in the mechanical response, piezomagnetic response can also be divided into three principal stages, but the evolution of magnetic parameter is more complex. Furthermore, the loading branch and unloading branch of the magnetic field-stress hysteresis loop separate gradually from each other during ratcheting failure process, leading to the shape of hysteresis loop changes completely. Therefore, the progressive degradation of the steel under ratcheting can be tracked by following the evolution of the piezomagnetic field. And the shape transition of the hysteresis loop can be regarded as an early warning of the ratcheting failure.

Evolution of the Stress-Induced Magnetic Field of Pipeline Steel due to Fatigue Loading

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Bao ◽  
Zhengye Zhao ◽  
Qiang Luo ◽  
Yibin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Magnetic Field Variations ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract The objective of this research is to explore the correlation between piezomagnetic fields and cyclic loading in X80 pipeline steel. A series of stress-controlled fatigue tests were carried out, and the magnetic field variations were recorded simultaneously during the whole loading process. The results demonstrate that the fatigue life of the investigated steel can be divided into three stages. The reversal points that appear during the loading and unloading processes can be used as new parameters to reflect the fatigue state and estimate the fatigue life.

Effects of hydrogen on the mechanical response of X80 pipeline steel subject to high strain rate tensile tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Qiaoying Shi ◽  
Chengshuang Zhou ◽  
Jinyang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel

Cyclic magnetic-field -induced deformation and magneto-mechanical fatigue of Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic martensites

2003 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Müllner ◽  
V. A. Chernenko ◽  
D. Mukherji ◽  
G. Kostorz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Transformation Strain ◽  
Twin Boundaries ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Fields ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Magnetic Field

ABSTRACTFour Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals exhibiting modulated 10M and 14M martensites were exposed to rotating magnetic fields of 1 and 2 T. Large periodic magnetic-field-induced strains were obtained for crystals that had been subjected to a mechanical stress while the martensite formed on cooling and to deformation in a magnetic field prior to the experiments with rotating field. A reduction of the magnetic-field-induced strain and fracture occurred when the field-induced strain was close to the transformation strain whereas a constant magneto-mechanical response was detected over more than 10 million field cycles when the field-induced strain was small. The cyclic magneto-mechanical response is related to the interaction of groups of twinning dislocations and twin boundaries. If the dislocations move in large groups, they nucleate cracks at twin boundaries. If the dislocations move in small groups, no cracks are formed resulting in a long lifetime.

scholarly journals Approximation of Hysteresis Changes in Electrical Steel Sheets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4110
Author(s):  
Witold Mazgaj ◽  
Michal Sierzega ◽  
Zbigniew Szular
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Transformer Steel ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Electrical Steel Sheets ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper describes a simple method of approximating hysteresis changes in electrical steel sheets. This method is based on assumptions that flux density or field strength changes are a sum or a difference of functions that describe one curve of the limiting hysteresis loop and a certain ‘transient’ component. Appropriate formulas that present the flux density as functions of the field strength and those that present inverse dependencies are proposed. An application of this approximation requires knowledge of the measured limiting hysteresis loop and a few minor loops. Algorithms for determining changes in the flux density or field strength are proposed and discussed. The correctness of the proposed approximation of hysteresis changes was verified through a comparison of measured hysteresis loops with the loops calculated for several different excitations of the magnetic field occurring in dynamo and transformer steel sheets. Additionally, an example of the application of the proposed approximation of hysteresis changes is discussed in the paper. The proposed approximation of hysteresis changes is recommended for numerical calculations of the magnetic field distribution in dynamo and transformer steel sheets.

scholarly journals Study of the iron nanoparticles phase transformation during thermal annealing

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Artem Kozlovskiy ◽  
Jumat Kargin ◽  
Malik Kokarev ◽  
Daut Mukhambetov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Change in structural properties and phase composition of nanoparticles based on iron oxide was researched in the paper. As a result of conducted studies it was found that during heat treatment oxide phases of (γ-Fe2O3) and α-Fe2O3 maghemite were formed in oxygen atmosphere. Researches of powder array magnetization were showed that the hysteresis loop movement had the form characteristic for ferromagnetic materials. Additionally, loops obtained at different directions of the magnetic field have different characters, which indicate the magnetic anisotropy presence in the samples.

Influence of Remanent Magnetization on Pitting Corrosion in Pipeline Steel

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Espina-Herna´ndez ◽  
F. Caleyo ◽  
J. M. Hallen ◽  
A. Lo´pez-Montenegro ◽  
E. Pe´rez-Baruch
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Pit Depth ◽  
Pipeline Wall ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Control Samples

These days, in-line inspections based on the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) principle are routinely used to detect and size metal loss and mechanical anomalies in operating oil and gas pipelines. One of the characteristics of the MFL technology is that after the inspection, the pipeline wall shows a remanent magnetization. In this work, the influence of the magnetic field on pitting corrosion in pipeline steel is studied. Pitting corrosion experiments have been carried out on samples of an API 5L grade 52 steel under a magnetization level of the same order of magnitude of the remanent magnetization in the pipeline wall after the MFL inspection. The samples were magnetized using rings of the investigated steel. The closed magnetic circuit configuration used in this study survey guaranteed that the samples kept the same magnetization level during the complete duration of the conducted experiments. This experimental setup was used in order to reproduce the conditions observed in MFL-inspected pipelines in which the magnetic field was confined to the pipe wall thickness. Immediately after magnetization, the investigated samples were subjected to pitting by immersing them in a solution with dissolved Cl− and SO42− ions. The pitting experiments were conducted for exposure times of 7 days. Non-magnetized specimens were used as control samples. The depths of the pits induced in the investigated samples were measured using optical microscopy. The maximum pit depth of each sample was recorded and used to conduct extreme value analysis of the pitting process in the magnetized and non-magnetized specimens. The results of this investigation indicate that the magnetic field confined within the pipeline wall has a significant influence on the pitting corrosion process. The statistical assessment of the pitting corrosion data collected during this study shows that the magnetic field reduces the average depth of the pit population. It also reduces the extreme pit depth values that can be predicted from the maximum values observed in the magnetized samples, with respect to the non-magnetized control samples. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that the magnetic field alters the pit morphology by increasing the pit opening (mouth). It is shown that the observed reduction in the pit depth when a magnetic field is confined to the volume of the corroding material can be explained based on the behavior of the paramagnetic corrosion products under the influence of the local magnetic field gradients produced inside and within the immediate vicinity of stable pits.

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES OF TbDyFe ALLOYS ALONG THE DIRECTION PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENGXING WANG ◽  
XUE FENG ◽  
WENMIN REN ◽  
DAINING FANG
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Applied Magnetic Field ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Magnetic Field

TbDyFe alloys play an important role in advanced actuator and sensor systems requiring either large displacement or large force, which may cause nonlinear response and performance degradation. In this investigation, experiments were performed to study the relevant magneto-mechanical response. The properties of magnetostriction along the direction perpendicular to the applied magnetic field were measured. The nonlinear behavior of the magnetostriction can be clearly explained in terms of domain rotating mechanism.

scholarly journals A Novel Hysteresis Model of Magnetic Field Strength Determined by Magnetic Induction Intensity for Fe-3% Si Electrical Steel Applied in Cigarette Making Machines

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jianbo Zhan ◽  
Zhenhua Yu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Angle Method ◽  
Magnetic Induction Intensity ◽  
Hysteresis Characteristics ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Hysteresis characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel were studied through the hysteresis loop. Existing hysteresis fitting simulation methods were summarized, and new Fe-3% Si grain-oriented electrical steel hysteresis loop model was proposed. Undetermined coefficients of the magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density were determined by both the fixed angle method and the least squares method, and the hysteresis loop model was validated with high fitting degree by experimental data.

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