Gas Compressor Service With Turbo Compressors

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Pereira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Capital Intensive

Gas pipeline projects are capital intensive and normally are developed under scenarios of uncertainty. Such uncertainties vary from closing take-or-pay, ship-or-pay or delivery-or-pay agreements to those uncertainties related to the acquisition of equipments, material and construction and assembling contracts. Natural gas compression service contracts with compressor station using gas motors and reciprocating compressors have been widely adopted at PETROBRAS as economically feasible against holding the stations as part of the pipeline asset as well as providing an effective approach to mitigate risks inherent to the gas business and associated to the compressor stations. Although compression service contracts with turbo compressors (gas turbine drivers and centrifugal compressors) have not yet been accomplished at PETROBRAS for gas pipeline projects, studies and preliminaries discussions shows that, taken into consideration certain relevant aspects, they will also present great opportunity to be adopted and will generate the same advantages already perceived for the compression service contracts with stations that uses gas motor drivers and reciprocation compressors. This paper has the objective of presenting an economic approach and a business model addressing the main points that must be considered while doing feasibility analysis between the alternatives of holding property of the compression station asset against the opportunity of having a compression service contract as operating cost for the project. Questions such as how to address depreciation, overhaul costs and tailor made equipment, such as centrifugal compressors, are raised and answered.

scholarly journals Comparative Operating Experience With Single-Shaft and Two-Shaft Gas-Turbine-Driven Centrifugal Compressors

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heral Singleton ◽  
Tracy S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
In Series

There has been much discussion as to how the single-shaft gas turbine compares with a two-shaft turbine as a prime mover for natural gas pipeline operations. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company has a compressor station at Savannah, Tenn., with a single-shaft and two-shaft turbine driving centrifugal compressors in series. This provides an excellent opportunity for comparison of the two types of turbines.

Earning community trust to operate – Northern Gas Pipeline

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Jonathan Spink
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Support Services ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Base Load

The Northern Gas Pipeline (NGP), is a 622-km gas pipeline in outback Australia that will connect gas reserves in the Northern Territory to the east coast gas market. With the current east coast gas crisis and continuing pressure to reduce coal-fired base load power, this project creates a new market to deliver additional gas to the east coast. The project includes the construction of the pipeline and two compressor station facilities at the start and end of the line: the Phillip Creek Compressor Station, which includes gas processing infrastructure, and the Mount Isa Compressor Station. The AU$800 million project began in November 2015 and first gas is scheduled to flow in late 2018. The bid to contract the pipeline included a range of local and Indigenous commitments that would maximise local participation in the project, ensuring that the social licence to achieve land access and government approvals was realised while keeping to a very aggressive timetable. Jemena worked closely with local businesses, communities and Traditional Owners to provide training and development opportunities, employment and other social support services. This approach has meant that the project is on track to deliver this nationally significant gas pipeline under budget, ahead of the contractual schedule requirement, while meeting or exceeding all local obligations and commitments.

Performance Testing of Centrifugal Compressors: Schultz Compressibility Factors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Taher
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Real Gas ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Compressibility Factors

ASME PTC-10 [2009] recognizes inaccuracies involved in using the generalized charts to calculate Schultz compressibility factors for real gas compression. However, it neither addresses a method to develop the compressibility factors, nor does it specify when to use calculated compressibility factors rather than using generalized values. Using inaccurate generalized values for Schultz compressibility factors may lead to erroneous calculation of polytropic exponents and polytropic work. This paper employs the LKP equation of state to directly calculate Schultz compressibility factors for a mixture of hydrocarbons typically found in natural gas. The results are compared with the values of compressibility factors from the generalized compressibility charts.

Series or Parallel Arrangement in a Two-Unit Compressor Station

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebouh Ohanian ◽  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Transient Simulation ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Parallel Arrangement

This paper discusses how to determine the arrangement of compressors in a two-unit gas pipeline station where there is no standby unit. The compressors are driven by variable speed drivers such as gas turbines or variable frequency electric motors. Both series and parallel arrangements are analyzed in a transient simulation mode to determine which operation mode is more advantageous. Among the assumptions in this paper are the performance characteristics of the compressor. It will be outlined how these performance characteristics influence the conclusions.

scholarly journals Study on the multi-objective optimization of reliability and operating cost for natural gas pipeline network

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Kaituo Jiao ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Bofeng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Impact

The development of natural gas pipeline network towards larger scale and throughput has urged better reliability of the pipeline network to satisfy transportation requirement. Previously, studies of optimizing natural gas pipeline network have been mainly focused on reducing operating cost, with little concern on the reliability of pipeline network. For a natural gas pipeline network with a variety of components and complicated topology, a multi-objective optimization model of both reliability and operating cost is proposed in this study. Failure of each component and the state of pipeline network under failure conditions are taken into account, and minimum cut set method is employed to calculate the reliability of the pipeline network. The variables to be determined for the optimization objectives are the rotating speed of compressors and the opening of valves. Then the solving procedure of the proposed model is presented based on Decoupled Implicit Method for Efficient Network Simulation (DIMENS) method and NS-saDE algorithm. The validity of the optimization model is ascertained by its application on a complicated pipeline network. The results illustrate that the optimization model can depict the relative relationship between reliability and operating cost for different throughput, by which the operation scheme with both satisfying reliability and operating cost can be obtained. In addition, the customer reliability and the impact of the failure of each pipeline on the whole network can be evaluated quantitatively to identify the consumers and pipelines of maintenance priority. The pipeline network reliability can be improved through proper monitoring and maintenance of these consumers and pipelines.

Electro Compression a Challenging Alternative: How and Why to Choose a Gas Turbine or an Electric Motor to Drive a Centrifugal Compressor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Alas ◽  
Eric Noulette
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Variable Frequency Drives ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Main Components

In the past decade, electric motors have become a challenging alternative to gas turbines to drive centrifugal compressors [1] [7], mainly because of the progress of Variable Frequency Drives main components allowing to drive high power motors. Low Electricity prices (mainly in France) and environmental concerns have contributed to spread that technology across Europe. As flexibility needs and environmental constraints will grow in the gas transmission business, the option to drive the centrifugal compressors with an electric motor will be taken into consideration more and more often either for technical, regulatory or economic reasons in future compressor station projects [2]. GRTgaz, the main gas transmission company in France, decided in the early 2000’s to enlarge and renew its compressor fleet (42 units to be installed between 2004 and 2014 in a 5 to 14 MW power range). GRTgaz is taking that option into account for each of these projects considering the following criteria, related to 3 main considerations: Operational needs: • Availability, reliability • Rangeability needs • Flexibility needs • Type of compressor station (head, peak, network core) • Access to the electrical grid • Available space for the site • … Environmental constraints: • Environmental Footprint • Air emissions • Noise • … The full possession cost for a 30-year period: • Investment cost • Energy cost • Maintenance cost • CO2 quota prices This paper is proposing to develop how these criteria are assessed, what hypotheses are made to help the decision and to share GRTgaz feedback on the projects that have already been completed. Some examples will be presented.

Effect of Impeller-Extended Shrouds on Centrifugal Compressor Performance as a Function of Specific Speed

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sapiro
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Specific Speed ◽  
Vaneless Diffusers ◽  
Outside Diameter

Centrifugal compressors for gas compression applications usually employ low-pressure ratio, backward-swept impellers with vaneless diffusers. To increase the compressor flow range and speed, impeller blades are occasionally trimmed, resulting in an extended shroud configuration. The effect of extended front and back impeller shrouds on the performance of centrifugal compressors with vaneless diffusers, and the variation of this effect as a function of specific speed, is thus of concern and is the subject of this paper. An investigation was carried out on two backward-swept shrouded impellers of common blade tip and inducer hub diameters, but different inducer tip diameters (corresponding to low and high specific speeds), with the front and back shrouds extending 20 percent above the blade’s outside diameter.

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