Development of a GIS Database of Corrosion Hazards for Use in Pipeline Integrity Assessments

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Slayter ◽  
Christopher S. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
National Database ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Soil Corrosion ◽  
Gis Database ◽  
Geologic Hazards ◽  
The U.S

Geologic hazards pose a significant threat to pipeline integrity. As an existing pipeline system ages, targeted analysis and positioning of maintenance resources become increasingly important to remediating problem pipeline sections and to ensure timely response to system failures. A geographic information system (GIS) now is commonly used to model pipeline systems. Significant geologic hazards can be mapped and effectively managed in a GIS database as a way to assess risk and to target pipeline remediation resources. In particular, the potential for soil corrosion is a significant threat to pipelines. In the U.S., digital soil maps from the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS) have been compiled into the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. Numerous soil attributes are stored in the database allowing for a detailed examination of soil characteristics. SSURGO data is largely consistent in quality and geographic extent across the U.S. and is the best available database for a national assessment of soil corrosion potential. We describe the development of a national database for the collection of locations of known corrosion from pipeline system managers. This database can be compared to soil conditions, as noted in SSURGO or other supporting soil data, for the development of a model of soil parameters that may indicate the future potential for buried pipeline corrosion. This paper outlines the need for such a database, significant design considerations and the proposed process for model development.

Deep Learning-based Soil Property Prediction for Remediation of Radioactive Contamination in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Albinet ◽  
Gerd Dercon ◽  
Tetsuya Eguchi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Transfer

<p>The Joint IAEA/FAO Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, through its Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Laboratory (SWMCNL), launched in October 2019, a new Coordinated Research Project (D15019) called “Monitoring and Predicting Radionuclide Uptake and Dynamics for Optimizing Remediation of Radioactive Contamination in Agriculture''. Within this context, the high-throughput characterization of soil properties in general and the estimation of soil-to-plant transfer factors of radionuclides are of critical importance.</p><p>For several decades, soil researchers have been successfully using near and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) techniques to estimate a wide range of soil physical, chemical and biological properties such as carbon (C), Cation Exchange Capacities (CEC), among others. However, models developed were often limited in scope as only small and region-specific MIR spectra libraries of soils were accessible.</p><p>This situation of data scarcity is changing radically today with the availability of large and growing library of MIR-scanned soil samples maintained by the National Soil Survey Center (NSSC) Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL) from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-NRCS) and the Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN) initiative of the Food Agency Organization (FAO). As a result, the unprecedented volume of data now available allows soil science researchers to increasingly shift their focus from traditional modeling techniques such as PLSR (Partial Least Squares Regression) to classes of modeling approaches, such as Ensemble Learning or Deep Learning, that have proven to outperform PLSR on most soil properties prediction in a large data regime.</p><p>As part of our research, the opportunity to train higher capacity models on the KSSL large dataset (all soil taxonomic orders included ~ 50K samples) makes it possible to reach a quality of prediction for exchangeable potassium so far unsurpassed with a Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD) around 3. Potassium is known for its difficulty of being predicted but remains extremely important in the context of remediation of radioactive contamination after a nuclear accident. Potassium can help reduce the uptake of radiocaesium by crops, as it competes with radiocaesium in soil-to-plant transfer.</p><p>To ensure informed decision making, we also guarantee that (i) individual predictions uncertainty is estimated (using Monte Carlo Dropout) and (ii) individual predictions can be interpreted (i.e. how much specific MIRS wavenumber regions contribute to the prediction) using methods such as Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values.</p><p>SWMCNL is now a member of the GLOSOLAN network, which helps enhance the usability of MIRS for soil monitoring worldwide. SWMCNL is further developing training packages on the use of traditional and advanced mathematical techniques to process MIRS data for predicting soil properties. This training package has been tested in October 2020 with thirteen staff members of the FAO/IAEA Laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria.</p>

Aphomia gularis (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) at Baie d'Urfé, Quebec

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
National Museum ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
States Department ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
The U.S

This moth was first reported on this continent as a pest in a consignment of peanuts, received in California from China (de Ong, 1919). Mr. Hahn W. Capps, of the United States Department of Agriculture, informs me, in litt., that 6 adults from that infestation, together with 2 from “near prunes” in 1930, and 8 from a prune warehouse in 1931, at San José, are in the U.S. National Museum.

scholarly journals A content review of precision agriculture courses across the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Danielle Skouby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Four Year Institutions ◽  
Content Review ◽  
The U.S

Knowledge of what Precision Agriculture (PA) content is currently taught across the U.S. will help build a better understanding for what PA instructors should incorporate into their classes in the future. For this assessment, the University of Missouri (MU) partnered with several universities throughout the nation on a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) challenge grant. A survey was conducted with PA instructors from 44 institutions from across the U.S. participating. Each institution was assessed to determine amount of time they spent teaching on 59 different PA topics in their PA-related courses. Results were obtained from 56 PA courses. Scope of PA, Global Positioning System (GPS), Differential GPS, Yield Monitoring, and Yield Map were all topics that were frequently discussed in PA courses, whether they were entryor advanced-level or two-year or four-year institutions. Review of the content showed a need for a more standardized curriculum.

scholarly journals A Spatially Detailed and Economically Complete Blue Water Footprint of the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Rushforth ◽  
Benjamin L. Ruddell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
The United States ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
The U.S

Abstract. This paper quantifies and maps a spatially detailed and economically complete blue water footprint for the United States, utilizing the National Water Economy Database version 1.1 (NWED). NWED utilizes multiple mesoscale federal data resources from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to quantify water use, economic trade, and commodity flows to construct this water footprint. Results corroborate previous studies in both the magnitude of the U.S. water footprint (F) and in the observed pattern of virtual water flows. The median water footprint (FCUMed) of the U.S. is 181 966 Mm3 (FWithdrawal: 400 844 Mm3; FCUMax: 222 144 Mm3; FCUMin: 61 117 Mm3) and the median per capita water footprint (F'CUMed) of the U.S. is 589 m3 capita−1 (F'Withdrawal: 1298 m3 capita−1; F'CUMax: 720 m3 capita−1; F'CUMin: 198 m3 capita−1). The U.S. hydro-economic network is centered on cities and is dominated by the local and regional scales. Approximately (58 %) of U.S. water consumption is for the direct and indirect use by cities. Further, the water footprint of agriculture and livestock is 93 % of the total U.S. water footprint, and is dominated by irrigated agriculture in the Western U.S. The water footprint of the industrial, domestic, and power economic sectors is centered on population centers, while the water footprint of the mining sector is highly dependent on the location of mineral resources. Owing to uncertainty in consumptive use coefficients alone, the mesoscale blue water footprint uncertainty ranges from 63 % to over 99 % depending on location. Harmonized region-specific, economic sector-specific consumption coefficients are necessary to reduce water footprint uncertainties and to better understand the human economy's water use impact on the hydrosphere.

Innovative PLC Design Concepts for Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold L. Rivera ◽  
Darren C. Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Niagara Falls ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
The U.S

Enbridge Inc. operates the world’s longest crude oil and refined liquids pipeline system. The company owns and operates Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (the Canadian portion of the Enbridge crude oil mainline) and a variety of affiliated pipelines in Canada and the United States. It also has approximately, a 12% interest in Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. which owns the Lakehead Pipeline System in the United States. These pipeline systems have operated for over 50 years and now comprise approximately 15,000 kilometers (9,000 miles) of pipeline, delivering more than 2.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and refined liquids. The combination of the Enbridge System in Canada and the Lakehead System in the United States brings together the primary transporter of crude oil from Canada into the United States. It is also the only pipeline that transports crude oil from Western Canada to Eastern North America, serving all of the major refining centres in the province of Ontario as well as the Great Lakes region of the United States. The system consists of approximately 9000 kilometers (5,600 miles) of mainline pipe in Canada, and 5300 kilometers (3,300 miles) of mainline pipe in the United States. The Canadian portion of the pipeline system extends from Edmonton, Alberta as the primary initiating facility, across the Canadian prairies to the U.S. border near Gretna, Manitoba. It continues again from the U.S. border near Sarnia, Ontario, to Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec, with lateral lines to Nanticoke, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, Ontario. The total length of the pipeline right-of-way is nearly 2300 kilometers (1,400 miles).

scholarly journals Opportunities to improve the accuracy of the United States Department of Agriculture beef yield grade equation through precision agriculture1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1216-1223
Author(s):  
Jerad R Jaborek ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Steven J Moeller ◽  
Henry N Zerby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Beef Carcass

Abstract The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) yield grade (YG) equation is used to predict the retail yield of beef carcasses, which facilitates a more accurate payment for cattle when they are sold on a grid pricing system that considers carcass composition instead of body weight alone. The current USDA YG equation was developed over 50 yr ago. Arguably, the population of cattle used to develop the YG equation is different than the current diverse U.S. beef cattle supply today. The objectives of this manuscript are to promote the adoption and use of precision agriculture technologies (i.e., camera grading and electronic animal identification) throughout the U.S. beef supply chain as a means to enhance the ability of the USDA YG equation to more accurately predict the retail yield across the population of cattle that contributes to the current U.S. beef supply. Camera grading has improved the accuracy of determining beef carcass retail yield; however, the use of electronic animal identification would allow for additional information to be passed back and forth between the packer, cattle feeder, and producer. Information, such as sex, genetics, medical treatment history, diets consumed, and growth promotant administration, as well as other information could be used to create additional variables for a new augmented USDA YG equation. Herein, fabrication yields demonstrated a 5.6 USDA YG and 12.8% boneless closely trimmed retail cut difference between actual cutout measurements and calculated values from the USDA YG equation for Jersey-influenced cattle. Evidence of such disparities between calculated and actual values warrants a reevaluation of the USDA YG system and consideration for implementing advancements in precision agriculture to improve the prediction of beef carcass retail yield to more accurately account for the large amount of variation in beef carcass retail yield from the cattle in the United States.

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE AND NETWORK OVERSIGHT IN 1990S INTERNET GOVERNANCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Grosse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
The Internet ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Little Rock ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The U.S

In October 2016, the contract between the United States Department of Commerce and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) officially expired. This contract represented a long-standing and close relationship between the United States government and ICANN, a relationship that positioned the U.S. as a kind of linchpin in determining the shape and coordination of the global, extraterritorial internet. This research seeks to address the question: what interests and values shaped ICANN at the time of its establishment and in what ways do debates about this system reflect broader concerns about the U.S.-centric nature of early internet governance policy? I address this question using archival analysis focusing on the Ira Magaziner Electronic Commerce papers at the Clinton Presidential Library in Little Rock, Arkansas. In examining this archive, there are repeated concerns about the U.S.-centric nature of early internet governance policy, concerns that were clear as early as the mid-1990s and which remained at issue with the oversight of ICANN until 2016. While espousing the values of competitive free-market, the internet governance policy promoted by the U.S. government during the Clinton Administration raised concerns about the concentration of power and potentially monopolistic control of the network by a single nation. Understanding the foundations of debates around oversight and multistakeholderism that took place as early as the 1990s helps us better understand more recent changes in internet governance and also help contextualize and ground discussions about how to best create a truly representative global internet in the future.

scholarly journals Neural Network Based Estimation of Service Life of Different Metal Culverts in Arkansas

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zahid Hossain ◽  
MdAriful Hasan ◽  
Rouzbeh Ghabchi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metal Pipes

The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) uses different types of metal culverts and cross-drains. Service lives of these culverts are largely influenced by the corrosion of the metals used in these culverts. Corrosion of metallic parts in any soil-water environment is governed by geochemical and electrochemical properties of the soils and waters. Many transportation agencies including ARDOT primarily focus on investigating the physical and mechanical properties of soils rather than their chemical aspects. The main objective of this study is to analyze the geotechnical and geochemical properties of soils in Arkansas to estimate the service lives of different metal pipes in different conditions. Soil resistivity values were predicted after analyzing the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil survey data using neural network (NN) models. The developed NN models were trained and verified by using laboratory test results of soil samples collected from ARDOT, and survey data were obtained from the USDA. The service lives of metal culverts were then estimated based on the predicted soil properties and water quality parameters extracted from the data acquired from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). Finally, Geographic Information System-based corrosion risk maps of three different types of metal pipes were developed based on their estimated service lives. The developed maps will help ARDOT engineers to assess the corrosion potential of the metal pipes before starting the new construction and repair projects and will allow using proper culvert materials to maximize their life spans.

Department of the Interior

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
States Department ◽  
Park Service ◽  
The U.S

The United States Department of the Interior is responsible for several programs in Africa through the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Mines, and the National Park Service. These programs range in scope from training programs to technical assistance to research for the Bureau of Mines annual publication. The Minerals Yearbook.

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