Nanomechanical Biosensor Using Polymer Membranes

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath Satyanarayana ◽  
Daniel T. McCormick ◽  
Arun Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Stress ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Stress Sensors ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Sensor Geometry ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Made In

In recent years several surface stress sensors based on microcantilevers have been developed for biosensing [1–4]. Since these sensors are made using standard microfabrication processes, they can be easily made in an array format, making them suitable for high-throughput multiplexed analysis. Specific reactions occurring on one surface (enabled by selective modification of the surface a priori) of the sensor element change the surface stress, which in turn causes the sensor to deflect. The magnitude and the rate of deflection are then used to study the reaction. The microcantilevers in these sensors are usually fabricated using material like silicon and its oxides or nitrides. The high elasticity modulus of these materials places limitations on the sensitivity and sensor geometry. Alternately polymers, which have a much lower elastic modulus when compared to silicon or its derivatives, offers greater design flexibility, i.e. allow the exploration of innovative sensor configurations that can have higher sensitivity and at the same time are suitable for integration with microfluidics and electrical detection systems.

Diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis using immunoblotting with plural low molecular weight antigens

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamano ◽  
A. Goto ◽  
M. Miyoshi ◽  
K. Furuya ◽  
Y. Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Hospital Outpatients ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is endemic to Hokkaido, Japan. For the past 20 years, detection of AE among inhabitants has involved serological screening using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed by Western blotting (WB). Between the years 1987 and 2000, antigens targeted on 66, 55 and 30–35 kDa bands were routinely used in the WB step of AE diagnosis. However, since 2001 diagnosis has been dependent on three smaller molecular weight antigens (26–28, 18 and 7–8 kDa). Due to its higher sensitivity, this improved WB approach has been used as a confirmation step in the screening process and also for the testing of suspected AE cases in hospital outpatients. Using the improved WB technique, a total of 1745 serum samples were examined in 2001–2006 with 81 patients detected and registered with AE. Interestingly, sera from 76 of the 81 diagnosed AE patients (93.8%) demonstrated reactivity with all three antigens. However, sera from the remaining five patients (6.2%) demonstrated no reactivity with the 18 kDa antigen, even though they exhibited clearly detectable levels of reactivity with the 26–28 and 7–8 kDa bands. These results suggest that medical practitioners need to pay particular attention to the specific reactions to some different diagnostic antigens to minimize the risk of misdiagnosing AE patients. In turn, these results may also provide important diagnostic information for cystic echinococcosis (CE).

scholarly journals Analisa Data Penjualan SaRa Collection menggunakan metode Apriori

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Ririn Restu Aria ◽  
Susi Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Made In ◽  
Sales Strategies

Sales are one of the most important things in the SaRa collection. To increase the number of existing sales, SaRa collection must be able to see the opportunities and needs needed by its customers. For this reason, when the Covid 19 pandemic is happening now, the SaRa collection has made a connector that can be used to beautify the use of masks to prevent transmission of the Covid 19 virus. In the process of making the connector, it is still done homemade according to the model that consumers are interested in because it takes time to process and select the model. as well as the appropriate color. Currently, sales are still being recorded manually, so the owner is still having trouble providing a stock of the connector model and color that will be made in order to meet consumer demand. In order to find out what models must be provided, accurate calculations are needed, for that the author uses the a priori algorithm as a method which is expected to be taken into consideration in marketing and sales strategies as well as connecting stock data to be made. A priori calculations with itemset and associations based on sales transaction data in Sara's collection

The role of CT in the diagnosis of sacro-iliitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Geijer ◽  
H. Sihlbom ◽  
J. H. Göthlin ◽  
E. Nordborg
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Early Course ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Made In

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis is a progressive, debilitating disease in which early diagnosis and early treatment can improve the prognosis. Radiographic confirmation is essential for diagnosis but conventional radiography has not proved useful, particularly in the early course of the disease. The aims of this study were to correlate the findings at conventional radiography with those at CT, and to correlate the duration of clinical symptoms with the radiological findings Material and Methods: Forty patients with clinical sacro-iliitis and 13 controls were evaluated by means of conventional radiography and CT Results: Conventional radiography was positive in 10/40 patients and CT in 30/40 patients. Conventional radiography was positive in only 2/14 patients with a symptom duration of less than 2 years while CT was positive in 10/14 such patients Conclusion: The study demonstrated a considerably higher sensitivity in CT than in conventional radiography in detecting the subtle changes necessary for the radiological diagnosis of sacro-iliitis, particularly in cases of short duration. CT allows an early start to be made in treatment with a consequently improved prognosis. The use of conventional radiography cannot be recommended because its low sensitivity delays diagnosis in many instances

Intestacy in Roman Society

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Crook
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Positive Case ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Negative Form ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this paper is to defend a sound old doctrine against a brilliant, amusing and superficially plausible attack by Professor Daube. The doctrine is that propounded – admittedly in an extreme form – by Sir Henry Maine, that Roman society had a ‘singular horror of intestacy’, a ‘passion for testacy’; in his Gray Lectures of 1966, summing up a rather fuller case made in Tulane Law Review, 1965, Professor Daube claimed to demonstrate that the evidence for this doctrine was ludicrously inadequate and the notion in any case a priori absurd. His judgement has been endorsed, with some corroborative arguments, by Professor Watson, and has achieved the approval of Professor Brunt.According to Daube the case in favour of the view that Romans usually made wills and had a dread of dying intestate consists of the following ‘chief’ arguments: that in the Twelve Tables a person who has not made a will is called intestatus, and the negative form of the word implies that it is the exception; secondly that, in Plutarch's famous story, the elder Cato said that one of the three things he regretted in life was to have spent a single day ἀδιάθετος, and finally that in Plautus' Curculio a man is cursed with the words intestatus vivito. With these three arguments Daube has – and gives – a good deal of fun, claiming, in the upshot, to have blown them all sky-high and thus to have demolished the entire positive case for the old view.

scholarly journals A New Length-Based Algebraic Multigrid Clustering Algorithm

VLSI Design ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. Rakai ◽  
A. Farshidi ◽  
L. Behjat ◽  
D. Westwick
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Algebraic Multigrid ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Clustering Technique ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Made In

Clustering algorithms have been used to improve the speed and quality of placement. Traditionally, clustering focuses on the local connections between cells. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm that is based on the estimated lengths of circuit interconnects and the connectivity is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, first an a priori length estimation technique is used to estimate the lengths of nets. Then, the estimated lengths are used in a clustering framework to modify a clustering technique based on algebraic multigrid (AMG), that finds the cells with the highest connectivity. Finally, based on the results from the AMG-based process, clusters are made. In addition, a new physical unclustering technique is proposed. The results show a significant improvement, reductions of up to 40%, in wire length can be achieved when using the proposed technique with three academic placers on industry-based circuits. Moreover, the runtime is not significantly degraded and can even be improved.

Comparing membrane- and cantilever-based surface stress sensors for reproducibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Loizeau ◽  
Terunobu Akiyama ◽  
Sebastian Gautsch ◽  
Peter Vettiger ◽  
Genki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Stress ◽  
Stress Sensors

scholarly journals Improved Faster R-CNN Traffic Sign Detection Based on a Second Region of Interest and Highly Possible Regions Proposal Network

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faming Shao ◽  
Xinqing Wang ◽  
Fanjie Meng ◽  
Jingwei Zhu ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Sign Detection ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
Small Targets ◽  
Traffic Sign Detection ◽  
Classification Capability

Traffic sign detection systems provide important road control information for unmanned driving systems or auxiliary driving. In this paper, the Faster region with a convolutional neural network (R-CNN) for traffic sign detection in real traffic situations has been systematically improved. First, a first step region proposal algorithm based on simplified Gabor wavelets (SGWs) and maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs) is proposed. In this way, the region proposal a priori information is obtained and will be used for improving the Faster R-CNN. This part of our method is named as the highly possible regions proposal network (HP-RPN). Second, in order to solve the problem that the Faster R-CNN cannot effectively detect small targets, a method that combines the features of the third, fourth, and fifth layers of VGG16 to enrich the features of small targets is proposed. Third, the secondary region of interest method to enhance the feature of detection objects and improve the classification capability of the Faster R-CNN is proposed. Finally, a method of merging the German traffic sign detection benchmark (GTSDB) and Chinese traffic sign dataset (CTSD) databases into one larger database to increase the number of database samples is proposed. Experimental results show that our method improves the detection performance, especially for small targets.

Addition of Unsaturated Monomers to Rubber and Similar Polymers

1963 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pinazzi ◽  
J-C. Danjard ◽  
R. Pautrat
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Grafting Reactions ◽  
The One ◽  
Radical Type

Abstract The addition of different ethylene monomers to polyisoprene was studied in order to throw a light on reaction mechanisms and structures of reagents. It was attempted, during the planned transformations, to maintain as best as possible the shapes and sizes of initial macromolecules, upon which rests the property of high elasticity. For this purpose, it was decided to avoid grafting reactions, as well as any reactions affecting the nature of the polyisoprenic chain, e.g., scission, cross-linking, and cyclization. After the completion of the work carried out by one of the authors on the addition of maleic anhydride, the existence of two mechanisms was brought to light: the one is of a radical type, produced by adding an unsaturated reagent on a methylene close to a double bond of chain; the other is of a thermal nature, triggered by the action not of a catalyst, but of a rather high temperature. It is clear that the latter process does involve isomerization of a part of chain double bonds. The model to which maleic anhydride is connected has been deduced by examining the reaction aptitudes of a series of monomers. The major part of highly polymerizable materials, with the exception of acrylonitrile, were eliminated a priori, in order to avoid both homopolymerization reactions and graftings. The monomers in which double bonds are depleted in π electrons are more apt to give the desired reactions. The more favorable effect is obtained with α carbonyl (maleic anhydride and γ crotonolactone). Other factors were also taken into account. The work reviewed here enabled us to assess the way in which reactions evolve according to the considered mechanisms and produce new macromolecular materials. The resulting compounds have a high rubberlike elasticity and show a high chemical reactivity, due to anhydride or lactone side groups.

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