Application for Estimating Motion Behaviors of FPSO/FSRU and Shuttle Tanker in Alongside and Tandem Mooring Conditions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Yokozawa ◽  
Akio Ito
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Flexible Hose ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Rigid Loading

With increasing attention to global warming, expectations for Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) System to develop a gas field of which reserve is smaller, or Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) as LNG terminal are growing. Offloading transfer of LNG requires rigid loading arm instead of flexible hose because of low temperature of LNG. It involves the relative motion estimation between LNG FPSO/FSRU and a shuttle tanker to design loading arm and to estimate operability of offloading work. The operability in environmental conditions of the sites affects on the decision of the storage capacity and the necessary number of LNG carriers for transportation. For this task of motion study, the motion estimation programs for alongside and tandem alignment have been developed. This paper presents outline of the programs and some validation results. An example of application of the calculation results to design FSRU is also shown.

Extra-Low-Temperature Oxygen Storage Capacity of CeO2Nanocrystals with Cubic Facets

Nano Letters ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hitoshi Kumagai ◽  
Kae Yamamura ◽  
Satoshi Ohara ◽  
Seiichi Takami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Storage

scholarly journals Climate Change and Refrigerants: Thermodynamic Properties of Low-GWP Fluids for Domestic Applications and Binary Systems for Low-Temperature Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Pierantozzi ◽  
Sebastiano Tomassetti ◽  
Giovanni Di Nicola
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Low Global Warming Potential

The most commonly used refrigerants are potent greenhouse gasses that can contribute to climate change. Hydro-Fluoro-Olefins are low Global Warming Potential fluids. A summary of our experimental research activity on the thermodynamic properties of two environmentally friendly Hydro-Fluoro-Olefins, namely R1234yf and R1234ze(E), is reported. In particular, the measurements were performed with an isochoric apparatus and the apparatus specifically built to reach temperatures down to about 100 K. The data elaboration confirms the validity of the choice and that R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can be adopted in many domestic applications. Moreover, considering the reduction of the flammability issues of R1234yf and R1234ze(E), the properties of binary systems containing these fluids and carbon dioxide were analyzed. The presented mixtures could be very interesting for low-temperature applications such as cascade cycles.

scholarly journals The Variation of Extreme Low Temperature Events in the Northwest Pacific under the Global Warming

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Jiancheng Kang ◽  
Chenglin Gu ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
Ming Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Northwest Pacific

Ormen Lange Gas Field, Immediate Settlement of Offshore Rock Supports

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guus de Vries ◽  
Joop van der Meer ◽  
Harald Brennodden ◽  
Stein Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rock Supports ◽  
Norwegian Continental Shelf

Located approximately 120 km offshore, Ormen Lange, with an estimated 400 billion m3 of natural gas, is the second-largest gas discovery on the Norwegian shelf. The water depth is up to 850 meters, making Ormen Lange the first deepwater project on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The development of Ormen Lange is under shared operatorship between Norsk Hydro and Shell. Ormen Lange’s untreated well stream will be transported to shore in two 120 km long, 30-inch diameter pipelines to a processing plant at Nyhamna, Norway. From there, gas will be exported via a 42” 1200 km sub sea pipeline (Langeled) to Easington at the east coast of the UK. The pipelines have to pass over the Storegga slide edge which rises 200–300 meters toward the continental shelf in very steep slopes, which are also encountered in the nearshore Bjo¨rnsundet area. The uneven and steep seabed conditions require the use of approximately 2.8 million tons of rock to support and stabilize the pipelines. The sea bottom conditions on the Norwegian continental shelf are characterized by many outcrops as well as very soft clay deposits. The immediate settlement of the rock supports during installation form a significant amount of the total required rock volume. In this paper a procedure is presented on how to assess these immediate settlements recognizing four contributing components all being discussed separately. The calculation results are compared to a back-analysis, performed during the execution of the Ormen Lange rockworks, proving the suitability of the calculation method.

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