Advancements in Gas Turbine Vane Repair

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McGraw ◽  
George Van Deventer ◽  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Andrew Burns
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
The Many ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Repair Techniques

The evolution of industrial gas turbines has been a driving factor in the advancement of repair techniques for industrial gas turbine components. Turbine vane segments (also known as stationary blades, non-rotational airfoils, or nozzles) are among the many components that have been a focus for repair development. Due to increasing engine efficiencies, the design of gas turbine vane segments continues to become progressively more complex. Neoteric vanes are cast of highly developed superalloys, have complex cooling designs, and are coated with the latest generation coating systems which utilize advanced oxidation resistant bondcoatings combined with thermal barrier coatings. While advanced technologies enable these vanes to operate at the extreme hot gas path running temperatures of today’s engines, they also significantly increase the level of technology required to successfully repair them. The ability to repair these components is essential to minimize the operators’ life cycle cost of the gas turbine. Recoating, reestablishing of critical cooling, dimensional restoration, along with surface and structural restoration using high strength weld and braze techniques are essential for these vanes. Conventional and advanced repair techniques are key elements in the continuing evolution of industrial gas turbine component repair development. This paper will focus on a variety of Siemens’ technical competencies applied during the restoration of service run vane segments for the turbine section of a gas turbine. These repair competencies and technology/service options include: • Dimensional restoration techniques utilizing hot and cold straightening; • Utilization of refurbished blade rings for completed roll-in/roll-out exchanges; • Coupon repair techniques; • Braze restoration of cracks; • Laser etching; • Strain tolerant coatings; • Future technologies under development.

Fits and Starts: A Current Look at Marine and Industrial Gas Turbine Electric Start Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Production ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Electric starter development programs have been the subject of ASME technical papers for over two decades. Offering significant advantages over hydraulic or pneumatic starters, electric starters are now poised to be the preferred choice amongst gas turbine customers. That they are not now the dominant starter in the field after decades of investment and experimentation is attributable to many factors. As with any new technology, progress is often unsteady, depending on budgets, market conditions, customer buy-in, etc. Additionally, technological advances in the parent technologies, in this case electric motors, can abruptly and rapidly change, further disturbing the best laid introduction plans. It is therefore not too surprising that only recently, is the industry beginning to see the deployment of electric starters on production gas turbines. The earliest adoption occurred on smaller gas turbine units, generally less than 10 MW in power. More recently, gas turbines greater than 10 MWs are being sold with electric starters. The authors expect that regardless of their size or fuel supply, most all future gas turbine users will opt for electric starters. This may even include the “larger” frame machines with power greater than 100 MW. Starting with some past history, this paper will not only summarize past development efforts, it will attempt to examine the current deployment of electric starters throughout the marine and industrial gas turbine landscapes. The large-scale acceptance of electric start systems for both new production and retrofit will depend on the favorable cost/benefit assessment when weighing both first cost and life cycle cost. The current and intense activity in electric vehicle applications is giving rise to even more power dense motors. The paper will look at some of these exciting applications, the installed products, and the technologies behind the products. To what extent these new products may serve the needs of the gas turbine community will be the central question this paper attempts to answer.

Evaluation Program for New Industrial Gas Turbine Materials

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-710
Author(s):  
Ch. Just ◽  
C. J. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
New Material ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Phase Evaluation

The need for a thorough and systematic standard evaluation program for new materials for modern industrial gas turbines is shown by several examples and facts. A complete list of the data required by the designer of an industrial gas turbine is given, together with comments to some of the more important properties. A six-phase evaluation program is described which minimizes evaluation time, cost, and the risk of introducing a new material.

scholarly journals The Effects of Chemistry Variations in New Nickel-Based Superalloys for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 4902-4921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabin Sulzer ◽  
Magnus Hasselqvist ◽  
Hideyuki Murakami ◽  
Paul Bagot ◽  
Michael Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Multi Scale Modeling ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract Industrial gas turbines (IGT) require novel single-crystal superalloys with demonstrably superior corrosion resistance to those used for aerospace applications and thus higher Cr contents. Multi-scale modeling approaches are aiding in the design of new alloy grades; however, the CALPHAD databases on which these rely remain unproven in this composition regime. A set of trial nickel-based superalloys for IGT blades is investigated, with carefully designed chemistries which isolate the influence of individual additions. Results from an extensive experimental characterization campaign are compared with CALPHAD predictions. Insights gained from this study are used to derive guidelines for optimized gas turbine alloy design and to gauge the reliability of the CALPHAD databases.

Performance Deterioration in Industrial Gas Turbines

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Diakunchak
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the most important factors affecting the industrial gas turbine engine performance deterioration with service time and provides some approximate data on the prediction of the rate of deterioration. Recommendations are made on how to detect and monitor the performance deterioration. Preventative measures, which can be taken to avoid or retard the performance deterioration, are described in some detail.

The Two-Shaft Industrial Gas Turbine Goes to Sea — Again

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Loft
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Control ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sequential Systems ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper gives a brief summary of the experience of the first industrial gas turbine ship, the John Sergeant, then enumerates the basic characteristics of the heavy duty gas turbine and the philosophy employed in the design. The unique features of the second-stage variable area turbine nozzle, its effects on performance, and particularly the flexible control it affords in conjunction with the controllable and reversible pitch propeller, are discussed. The philosophy of design of the solid state control, protection and sequential systems are outlined, as are the experiences to date with a number of industrial gas turbines of the two-shaft, off-shore and heavy fuel varieties. It concludes by discussing some of the considerations for burning residual fuel and boil-off from liquefied natural gas.

Turbine Tip Clearance Measurement System Evaluation on an Industrial Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Gill ◽  
M. D. Ingallinera ◽  
A. G. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Gap Measurement ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The continuing development of industrial gas turbines is resulting in machines of increasing power and efficiency. The need to continue this trend is focusing attention on minimizing all loss mechanisms within the machine, including those associated with turbine blade tip clearance. In order to study tip clearance in the turbine, real time measurement is required of clearance between turbine blades and the casing in which they run. This measurement is not routinely performed, due to the harsh nature of the turbine environment. On those occasions when turbine tip clearance is measured, it is typically in development vehicles, often using cooled probes that are somewhat unsuitable for use in production gas turbines. In this paper a program of work is reported that was undertaken with the purpose of identifying a promising turbine tip clearance measurement system that used the capacitive gap measurement technique. Issues surrounding the application of three systems to the turbine section of a GE MS6001FA gas turbine are identified and reported. Performance of the three evaluated systems is analyzed.

Performance Deterioration in Industrial Gas Turbines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor S. Diakunchak
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the most important factors affecting the industrial gas turbine engine performance deterioration with service time and provides some approximate data on the prediction of the rate of deterioration. Recommendations are made on how to detect and monitor the performance deterioration. Preventative measures, which can be taken to avoid or retard the performance deterioration, are described in some detail.

Study of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Burnes ◽  
Priyank Saxena ◽  
Paul Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The growing call of minimizing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitting from energy and transportation products will spur innovation to meet new stringent requirements while striving to preserve significant investments in the current infrastructure. This paper presents quantitative analysis of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on industrial gas turbines to enable carbon sequestration venturing towards emission free operation. This study will show the effect of using EGR on gas turbine performance and operation, combustion characteristics, and demonstrate potential hybrid solutions with detailed constituent accounting. Both single shaft and two shaft gas turbines for power generation and mechanically driven equipment are considered for application of this technology. One key element is assessing the combustion system operating at reduced O2 levels within the industrial gas turbine. With the gas turbine behavior operating with EGR defined at a reasonable operating state, a parametric study shows rates of CO2 sequestration along with quantifying supplemental O2 required at the inlet, if needed, to sustain combustion. With rates of capture known, a further exploration is examined reviewing potential utilities, monetizing these sequestered constituents. Ultimately, the objective is to preview a potential future of operating industrial gas turbines in a non-emissive and in some cases carbon negative manner while still using hydrocarbon fuel.

scholarly journals Effects of Alloy Composition on the Performance of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia–Thermal Barrier Coatings

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Kimmel ◽  
Zaher Mutasim ◽  
William Brentnall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Barrier Coatings ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Materials Used

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) provide an alloy surface temperature reduction when applied to turbine component surfaces. Thermal barrier coatings can be used as a tool for the designer to augment the power and/or enhance the efficiency of gas turbine engines. TBCs have been used successfully in the aerospace industry for many years, with only limited use for industrial gas turbine applications. Industrial gas turbines operate for substantially longer cycles and time between overhauls, and thus endurance becomes a critical factor. There are many factors that affect the life of a TBC including the composition and microstructure of the base alloy and bond coating. Alloys such as Mar-M 247, CMSX-4 and CMSX-10 are materials used for high temperature turbine environments, and usually require protective and/or thermal barrier coatings for increased performance. Elements such as hafnium, rhenium, and yttrium have shown considerable improvements in the strength of these alloys. However these elements may result in varying effects on the coatability and environmental performance of these alloys. This paper discusses the effects of these elements on the performance of thermal barrier coatings.

Development and F-Class Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Testing of Smart Components With Direct-Write Embedded Sensors and High Temperature Wireless Telemetry

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mitchell ◽  
Anand Kulkarni ◽  
Edward Roesch ◽  
Ramesh Subramanian ◽  
Andrew Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wireless Telemetry ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The potential for savings provided to worldwide operators of industrial gas turbines, by transitioning from the current standard of interval-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance may be in the tens of millions of dollars per year. Knowledge of the historical and current condition of life-limiting components will enable more efficient use of industrial gas turbine resources via increased operational flexibility, with less risk of unplanned outages as a result of off-parameter operations. To date, it has been impossible to apply true condition-based maintenance to industrial gas turbines because the extremely harsh operating conditions in the heart of a gas turbine preclude using the necessary advanced sensor systems to monitor the machine’s condition continuously. The U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology – Advanced Technology Program (NIST-ATP) awarded the Joint Venture team of Siemens Power Generation, Inc. and MesoScribe Technologies, Inc. a four-year, $5.4 million program in November, 2004, titled Conformal, Direct-Write-Technology-Enabled, Wireless, Smart Turbine Components. The target was to develop a potentially industry-changing technology to build smart, self-aware engine components that incorporate embedded, harsh-environment-capable sensors and high temperature capable wireless telemetry systems for continuously monitoring component condition in both the compressor and turbine sections. The approach involves several difficult engineering challenges, including the need to embed sensors on complex shapes, such as turbine blades, embedding wireless telemetry systems in regions with temperatures that preclude the use of conventional silicon-based electronics, protecting both sensors and wireless devices from the extreme temperatures and environments of an operating gas turbine, and successfully transmitting the sensor information from an environment very hostile to wireless signals. The program included full-scale, F-class industrial gas turbine engine test demonstrations with smart components in both the compressor and turbine sections. The results of the development program and engine testing to date will be discussed.

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