Building a Real Time System for Evaluating Oil Storage Tank Damage Due to Earthquakes in Petroleum Stockpiling Bases

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsaku Zama ◽  
Makoto Endo ◽  
Ken Hatayama ◽  
Shoichi Yoshida ◽  
Kazuma Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Soil Amplification ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Seismic Record ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Emergency Responses

It will be difficult to prevent the damage of oil storage tanks caused by a large earthquake even if extreme care has been exercised. Therefore, rational emergency responses will be required for preventing expansion into secondary disaster. In this paper, we propose a system that can estimate ground motion distribution in a whole of petroleum stockpiling base using a seismic record and evaluate damage of oil storage tanks just after an earthquake in order to support rational emergency responses. Spectral ratios of horizontal and vertical component of microtremors were used for evaluation of relative surface soil amplification. The system can assess the hazard for circumferential shell stress, axial shell stress, seismic capacity and liquid sloshing wave height immediately using the ground motion at each tank site estimated from both the relative soil amplification factors and a seismic record at a petroleum stockpiling base just after a large earthquake.

Damage to Oil Tanks Caused by Severe Strong Ground Motion due to the 2018 Hokkaido, Japan Iburi-Tobu Earthquake (Mw6.6)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hatayama ◽  
Haruki Nishi ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Koya Tokutake
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Shell Plate ◽  
Oil Tanks ◽  
Strong Ground

Abstract Damage and influences to oil tanks caused by severe strong ground motion due to a large earthquake (Mw6.6) that occurred in the district of Iburi-tobu, Hokkaido, Japan on September 6, 2018 are reported in this paper. In the vicinity of the seismic source region, two large-scale crude-oil storage bases are located. The neighboring two bases had in total 86 large oil storage tanks with a capacity of 115,000 m3. The oil storage bases were hit by strong ground motion with peak ground accelerations of 590 to 1,570 cm/s2 and with peak ground velocities of 50 to 80 cm/s. Shell plates of a small bunker A tank with a capacity of 306 m3 suffered diamond buckling and elephant-foot buckling. No large oil storage tanks lost their function of oil storage despite of the severe strong ground motion. However, most of them splashed oil from the gap between the floating roof and the shell plate, and many of them had damage to their pontoons, gauge poles, guide poles, rolling ladders, liquid-level meters, and shoulders of foundation. One of the 115,000-m3-in-capacity tanks was equipped with a displacement gauge system to measure uplift of the bottom of the shell plate from the shoulder of tank foundation. The system recorded a maximum uplift of 4.4 cm. This is the world’s first record of uplift of a large tank caused by a natural earthquake.

Long-period Strong Ground Motion and Damage to Oil Storage Tanks Due to the 2003 Tokachi-oki Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken HATAYAMA ◽  
Shinsaku ZAMA ◽  
Haruki NISHI ◽  
Minoru YAMADA ◽  
Yoshihiro HIROKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Strong Ground

The High-Frequency Decay Slope of Spectra (Kappa) for M≥3.5 Earthquakes on Rock Sites in Eastern and Western Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Palmer ◽  
Gail M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Motion Modeling ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Anelastic Attenuation ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACT Spectral decay of ground-motion amplitudes at high frequencies is primarily influenced by two parameters: site-related kappa (κ0) and regional Q (quality factor, inversely proportional to anelastic attenuation). We examine kappa and apparent Q-values (Qa) for M≥3.5 earthquakes recorded at seismograph stations on rock sites in eastern and western Canada. Our database contains 20 earthquakes recorded on nine stations in eastern Canada and 404 earthquakes recorded on eight stations in western Canada, resulting in 105 and 865 Fourier amplitude spectra, respectively. We apply two different methods: (1) a modified version of the classical S-wave acceleration method; and (2) a new stacking method that is consistent with the use of kappa in ground-motion modeling. The results are robust with respect to the method used and also with respect to the frequency band selected, which ranges from 9 to 38 Hz depending on the region, event, and method. Kappa values obtained from the classical method are consistent with those of the stacked method, but the stacked method provides a lower uncertainty. A general observation is that kappa is usually larger, and apparent Q is smaller, for the horizontal component in comparison to the vertical component. We determine an average regional κ0=7  ms (horizontal) and 0 ms (vertical) for rock sites in eastern Canada; we obtain κ0=19  ms (horizontal) and 14 ms (vertical) for rock sites in western Canada. We note that kappa measurements are quite sensitive to details of data selection criteria and methodology, and may be significantly influenced by site effects, resulting in large site-to-site variability.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fazal ◽  
R. Rai ◽  
G.C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage

Simplified Development Method of FEA Code for Sloshing of Floating Roof Tanks (Lagrangian Formulation for Axisymmetric Linear Problem)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Linear Problem ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Coupling Vibration ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Fluid Behavior ◽  
Computer Codes

Floating roofs are widely used to prevent evaporation of content in large cylindrical aboveground oil storage tanks. The 2003 Hokkaido Earthquake caused severe damages to the floating roofs due to sloshing. These accidents became a cause to establish structural integrity of the floating roof tanks in sloshing. However, many designers do not have a solution for the sloshing of floating roof tanks except for three-dimensional FEA computer codes. The three-dimensional FEA requires a long computational time and expenses. The sloshing of floating roof tanks is a coupling vibration problem with fluid and structure. The simplified and convenient method has been desired for this solution. This paper presents a simplified development method of a FEA code in the axisymmetric linear problem. It is performed to modify an existing structural analysis code. The fluid behavior is formulated in terms of displacement as the Lagrangian approach.

Are Near-Fault Fling Effects Captured in the New NGA West2 Ground Motion Models?

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1629-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Kamai ◽  
Norman Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Ground Motion Models

We evaluate how much of the fling effect is removed from the NGA database and accompanying GMPEs due to standard strong motion processing. The analysis uses a large set of finite-fault simulations, processed with four different high-pass filter corners, representing the distribution within the PEER ground motion database. The effects of processing on the average horizontal component, the vertical component, and peak ground motion values are evaluated by taking the ratio between unprocessed and processed values. The results show that PGA, PGV, and other spectral values are not significantly affected by processing, partly thanks to the maximum period constraint used when developing the NGA GMPEs, but that the bias in peak ground displacement should not be ignored.

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