Heat Exchanger Gaskets Radial Shear Testing

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ C. Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh ◽  
David Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Shear Testing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Differential Thermal Expansion ◽  
Heat Exchanges

Due to the high incidence of leaks in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanges that are in thermal cycling service, there have been studies of the suitability of gasket styles for this kind of application. This paper researches several gasket styles in a test rig developed to simulate the radial shear caused by the differential thermal expansion of the flanges in a Heat Exchanger.

Heat-Exchanger Tube-Sheet Design—2: Fixed Tube Sheets

1952 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
K. A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Tube Sheet ◽  
Heat Exchanger Tube ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Side Pressure ◽  
Differential Thermal Expansion ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Exchanger Tube ◽  
Design Pressure

Abstract It is shown that “fixed” tube sheets may be designed in exactly the same manner as “floating” tube sheets with the same boundary restraint, provided that a fictitious uniform “equivalent design pressure” is used in the calculations instead of the actual hydrostatic pressure. This equivalent pressure is evaluated in terms of tube-side pressure, shell-side pressure, differential thermal expansion, and the condition of boundary restraint. The design factors for all tube sheets presented in an earlier paper are shown to be well represented by very simple expressions when the fundamental design parameter xa becomes large.

Successful Sealing of Heat Exchangers Due to the Implementation of New Technology in a Gasket System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Simonton ◽  
David W. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Differential Thermal Expansion ◽  
Effective Seal ◽  
Subsequent Failure

Research into the historical use and subsequent failure of double-jacketed type gaskets in heat exchangers has yielded the characteristics necessary for leak elimination and the realization that maintaining a seal cannot be achieved by gasket specification alone. An evaluation of the heat exchanger, stud load, tightening method, gasket specification, proper installation procedures, process conditions, as well as stud selection must each be carefully considered to consistently create an effective seal. This paper highlights field test data from a refinery on the differential thermal expansion of flanges and how the gasketed connection is affected. Laboratory test data, specifically Radial Shear Tightness Test, or Ra.S.T., data, which mimics the radial shearing effects on a gasket in a heat exchanger, as well as verifying the effects on the gaskets in the field, is also presented. The details of the new technology in a gasket system for heat exchangers, perfected in conjunction with Chevron and Lamons Gasket Company, will be presented along with its successful implementation at a major petrochemical refinery.

Calculation of Axial Expansion in Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Expansion Joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 868-871
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Shell And Tube

In this paper, the axial elongation of vertical shell and tube heat exchanger with expansion joint are studied based on thetheories of static mechanics. The axial elongations of heat exchanger’s tube side and shell side that causes by thermal expansion, internal pressure and gravity are considered individually. By comparing and analyzing a typical example, it is shown that thermal expansion is the key reason other than internal pressure and gravity to the axial elongation of tube side and shell side structure. The results show that the axial elongation induced by internal pressure and gravity except thermal expansion is only 5% of total and can be eliminated in engineering practice.

Temperature Field Prediction of Rectangular Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Zhou ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
B. Q. Gu ◽  
C. L. Shao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Side Flow ◽  
Rectangular Shell

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common type of heat exchangers in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that the shell-side flow in a cylindrical shell was not as homogeneous as that in a rectangular shell. According to the periodic flow field and the arrangement of tubes in the rectangular shell, the solid-fluid coupling heat transfer model consisting of a single tube section and the outer and inner fluids was developed to represent the whole heat exchanger. Using this model, the relationship among four temperatures, namely the inlet and outlet temperatures of tube-side fluid and the upstream and downstream temperatures of shell-side fluid, was established. By dividing each tube into several tube sections at the sites of baffles, a method for predicting the temperature field of the rectangular shell-and-tube heat exchanger was proposed. Based on the node temperature correlation, all the node temperatures were obtained by iterative computation using the established relationship between the four temperatures and the operating conditions. It was found that the temperature distribution of the fluid in tube was approximately linear along axial direction, but the temperature of tube showed nonlinear regularity. The axial deformation compatibility condition for the tube bundle and shell was considered when resolving the stresses in tubes. For the model established in this paper, the mean temperature of the tube at lower position was found to be larger than that at higher position; hence the thermal expansion of the tube at the lower end is larger. In the case the tube-side fluid was heated, all tubes were pulled because of the larger axial thermal expansion of shell, and the stress in the tube with higher temperature is smaller because of the smaller strain.

A Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Optimization by Differential Evolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cavalheiro Martinez ◽  
Leonardo Cavalheiro Martinez ◽  
Viviana Mariani ◽  
Marcos Batistella Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Shell And Tube

Numerical simulation of the effect of baffle cut and baffle spacing on shell side heat exchanger performance using CFD

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swanand Gaikwad ◽  
Ashish Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Two Parameters

AbstractHeat exchangers possess a significant role in energy transmission and energy generation in most industries. In this work, a three-dimensional simulation has been carried out of a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHX) consisting of segmental baffles. The investigation involves using the commercial code of ANSYS CFX, which incorporates the modeling, meshing, and usage of the Finite Element Method to yield numerical results. Much work is available in the literature regarding the effect of baffle cut and baffle spacing as two different entities, but some uncertainty pertains when we discuss the combination of these two parameters. This study aims to find an appropriate mix of baffle cut and baffle spacing for the efficient functioning of a shell and tube heat exchanger. Two parameters are tested: the baffle cuts at 30, 35, 40% of the shell-inside diameter, and the baffle spacing’s to fit 6,8,10 baffles within the heat exchanger. The numerical results showed the role of the studied parameters on the shell side heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop in the shell and tube heat exchanger. The investigation shows an increase in the shell side heat transfer coefficient of 13.13% when going from 6 to 8 baffle configuration and a 23.10% acclivity for the change of six baffles to 10, for a specific baffle cut. Evidence also shows a rise in the pressure drop with an increase in the baffle spacing from the ranges of 44–46.79%, which can be controlled by managing the baffle cut provided.

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