Writing and Reviewing FEA Reports Supporting ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and 2 Designs: Practical Considerations and Recommended Good Practice

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Seipp ◽  
Mark Stonehouse
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Professional Engineer ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Code Compliance

Finite element analysis (FEA) is used, with increasing frequency, to supplement or justify the design of an ASME Section VIII, Division 1 or 2 pressure vessel. When this occurs, good engineering practice indicates that a competent engineer should review the finite element analysis report. In some jurisdictions, it is required that a Professional Engineer review and certify the report. This paper discusses some of the practical aspects of both writing and reviewing a good quality FEA report — both in the context of the technical perspective and in the context of Code compliance. This paper will serve as a practical assistant to an engineer reviewing an FEA report, as well as a guide to an engineer preparing an FEA report. Aspects such as properly following Code requirements, following appropriate Design By Analysis methodologies, and applying good design practices will be discussed.

Determination of CANDU End Fitting Jacking Limits Using Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Dave McNeish ◽  
Seyun Eom ◽  
D. K. Vijay ◽  
Si-tsai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
The West ◽  
Reactor Unit ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Abaqus Model

In one CANDU reactor unit in Ontario, the west end fitting is designed to connect to the end shield via a stop collar. The outboard end of the stop collar is welded to an attachment ring which shrink-fits on the end fitting body. The east side end fitting is supported by inboard and outboard journal rings resting on their respective bearing sleeves which allow the ‘free’ axial movement of the channel. In support of some maintenance activities, the west end fitting is required to be jacked to get certain clearance for accommodating the operating tools. The previous elastic calculation got the jacking limit of 0.35″ while did not provide enough clearance for tooling. In this paper, an elastic-plastic finite element analysis following ASME B&PV code Section III, Division 1, Subsection NB is performed to increase the jacking limit. The finite element analysis is carried out using ANSYS and validated by an ABAQUS model. In the elastic-plastic finite element analysis, the following effects are considered: strain hardening of stop collar material, stress concentration in stop collar weld, notch effect on stress concentration and fatigue in stop collar. Cyclic jacking loads as displacement controlled loading are applied in the analysis. Considering the time to the end of unit life, the maximum anticipated end fitting jacking cycles are 8. The higher jacking limit is achieved with an acceptable plastic deformation and fatigue damage at the stop collar, which is the weakest part during the end fitting jacking. The results show that the end fitting can be jacked at west side End-face with 1.17″ for 1–3 cycles, 1.15″ for 4 cycles, 1.03″ for 5 cycles, 0.95″ for 6 cycles, 0.85″ for 7 cycles and 0.80″ for 8 cycles. The jacking limits achieved in this paper provide enough clearance for the required maintenance operations.

Design of a Large Rectangular Flange

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Batra
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Bolt Preload ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Design Challenge ◽  
Bolted Flange

A large rectangular flange (5’ wide × 12.5’ Long) was designed using finite element analysis for a horizontal mixer vessel. The mixer vessel contained a large horizontal agitator with the shaft protruding through the two flat ends of the vessel. The horizontal vessel was split in the middle horizontal plane creating a large rectangular opening to be sealed by the two large rectangular flanges. The size of the flange, the type of gasket, the bolt preload required to obtain a reasonable seal made it a design challenge to design this bolted flange assembly. To start with, an estimate was made based on the calculation of the thickness of the flange using an equivalent circular flange. The finite element analysis of the whole assembly was preformed using the FEA software ANSYS. After several iterations, an acceptable solution was found with acceptable flange and bolt stresses. The seating stress in the gasket was also above the recommended gasket seating stress. Thus, the flanged joint was designed to be in compliance with ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Div-1. The vessel and the bolted flange assembly was successfully fabricated and hydrotested based on this design and it is successfully operating in the field.

Using Finite Element Analysis Combined With Strain Gage Testing to Do Proof Test to Establish MAWP

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Florizone
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Strain Gage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Proof Testing ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Test Pressure ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In

An amine reboiler was constructed with very large openings in one semi-elliptical head. The openings extended beyond the “spherical” portion of the head into the knuckle region. The vessel was designed to 1998 ASME Section VIII Division 1 (VIII-1). Initially the manufacturer of the amine reboiler vessel chose the proof test after the calculations submitted to the approval agency were not accepted. Non-destructive strain gage proof testing per VIII-1 UG-101(n) was planned, but the minimum proof test pressure to achieve the desired MAWP exceeded the maximum firetube flange test pressure therefore an alternate method was chosen. Finite element analysis (FEA) was done in addition to the strain gage testing. The strain gage results at the maximum hydrotest pressure were used to verify the FEA calculations. The FEA calculated strains were higher than the measured strains. This indicated that the assumptions made in the computer model were conservative. By combining FEA with strain gauge testing, the design was proven to meet Code requirements.

scholarly journals Study on Bearing Mechanism of Split Grouting Pile Based on Finite Element Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2101 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Jinman Wang ◽  
Shaofei Li ◽  
Mingru Zhou ◽  
Lin Zhong ◽  
Yiming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Grouting Pressure ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Field Static

Abstract In order to realize the directional and controllable splitting of splitting grouting, the field grouting test was carried out. Using a new grouting pipe designed, the splitting direction and size of the branch vein are effectively controlled through the control of grouting pressure and grouting amount. In order to explore the bearing characteristics of split grouting pile and provide necessary parameters for the design of split grouting pile composite foundation in engineering practice, the field static load test and indoor geotechnical test of split grouting pile are designed, and the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile and necessary soil parameters are obtained. In order to make up for the limitations of field static load test, the three-dimensional finite element model of pile, soil and branch vein of split grouting pile is established by using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The finite element analysis results are compared with the measured values of field test, and the variation laws of pile shaft axial force, stress and displacement of branch vein at different depths, pile side friction, etc. are further explored, Through these changes, the interaction and load transfer mechanism between pile and soil are analyzed, which provides a reference for optimal design.

Large Openings in Cylindrical Pressure Vessels: An Assessment Based on Absolute Size

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak K. Chandiramani ◽  
Shyam Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Ameya Mathkar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
The Absolute

Clauses UG-36 through UG-43 of ASME Section VIII Division 1 [1], describe the method of calculating the adequacy of compensation of openings in shells, using an area-replacement method. The method is based on determining and suitably replacing the missing metal area along any section, with metal available or provided, within the limits of reinforcement on the shell and nozzle. Clause UG-36 (b) of ASME Section VIII Division 1 provides limits on the size of the opening for applicability of Clauses UG-36 through UG-43. If these limits are exceeded, supplemental rules of Clause 1-7 of Appendix 1 need to be complied with or alternatively the rules of Clause 1-10 of Appendix 1 may be applied. The rules for large openings as stated in the Code are not dependent upon the absolute size of the nozzle and shell. For example, same calculations would be required to be carried out whether a nozzle of NPS 1 is attached to a shell of NPS 1.5 or a nozzle of NPS 16 is attached to a shell of NPS 24. The work presented in this paper is an attempt to determine whether the additional calculations in Clause 1-7 need to be carried out for finished openings exceeding the limits of UG-36(b) irrespective of the absolute size of the nozzle and shell. This has been done by carrying out calculations for a wide range of nozzle-shell combinations and comparing the results so obtained with the results of a Finite Element Analysis.

Comparison of Different Methodologies for Stress Analysis of Reinforcing Pads

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Guillot ◽  
Jack E. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Design Requirements

Finite element analysis is widely used to model the stresses resulting from penetrations in pressure vessels to accommodate components such as nozzles and man-ways. In many cases a reinforcing pad is required around the nozzle or other component to meet the design requirements of Section VIII, Division 1 or 2, of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code [1]. Several different finite element techniques are currently used for calculating the effects of reinforcing pads on the shell stresses resulting from penetrations for nozzles or man-ways. In this research the stresses near a typical reinforced nozzle on a pressure vessel shell are studied. Finite element analysis is used to model the stresses in the reinforcing pad and shell. The commercially available software package ANSYS is used for the modeling. Loadings on the nozzle are due to combinations of internal pressure and moments to simulate piping attachments. The finite element results are compared to an analysis per Welding Research Council Bulletin 107 [2].

A Comparative Study of Concentrically and Eccentrically Pierced Flat Unstayed Heads

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak K. Chandiramani ◽  
Shyam Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Ameya Mathkar ◽  
Suresh K. Nawandar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Nozzle Opening

Clause UG - 39 of ASME Section VIII Division 1 [1] provide rules for compensation of openings in flat stayed/ flat unstayed heads having fitted nozzles. The rules provided in Clause UG - 39 and its sub clauses apply to all openings other than small openings covered by UG - 36 (c)(3)(a) and provide rules for compensation of openings to those geometries which confirms to the geometric limitations specified therein. The rules provided in Clause UG - 39 of ASME Section VIII Division 1 are based on area replacement method. This method is also elaborated in WRC Bulletin 335 Aug 1988[4]. The conclusion of this bulletin is applicable to ASME Section VIII Div 1, ASME Section I, ASME B 31.1 and ASME Section III Class 2 and 3. This method requires that the metal cut out by an opening be replaced by reinforcement within a prescribed zone around the opening. This methodology is relatively simple and vast majority of the piping and pressure vessels with openings conforming to this methodology have given satisfactory service. In Code [1], as such there appears to be no restriction on the location of the nozzle opening, i.e., a header flat head pierced concentrically or eccentrically to locate the nozzle opening as long as the required area is obtained and the stresses are within allowable limits. While both these alternatives would be acceptable in Code [1] constructions, the actual stresses at the header flat heads/nozzle junction may vary considerably. The work reported in this paper was undertaken to make a comparative study on the effect of unstayed flat head pierced concentrically or eccentrically by using ASME Section VIII Division 1 and to study the stress pattern in both the cases using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) as a referral methodology.

Experimental Study and Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Inorganic Polymer Concrete Beam

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Zhe An Lu ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Xiao Chun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Inorganic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Load Function ◽  
Ductility Ratio

The stress behavior of the reinforced inorganic polymer concrete(IPC) beam was discussed, included the load-deflection curve, craze load and ultimate bearing capacity under the static load function through the method of the experimental study and the non-linear finite element analysis. Compared the data of the experiment with the results of the finite element analysis, it indicates that the reinforced IPC beam owns higher ductility ratio and better deformation capacity on the same loading condition. Meanwhile, the cracks of IPC beam develop more slowly than the normal ones, there were less and smaller cracks on IPC beam. The research results offer the theoretical and experimental references for engineering practice and design index of IPC.

Determination of CANDU End Fitting Jacking Limits Using Elastic–Plastic Finite Element Analysis1

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
David McNeish ◽  
Seyun Eom ◽  
Dk Vijay ◽  
Si-tsai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
The West ◽  
Reactor Unit ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Abaqus Model

In one CANDU reactor unit in Ontario, the west end fitting is designed to connect to the end shield via a stop collar. The outboard end of the stop collar is welded to an attachment ring, which shrink-fits on the end fitting body. The east side end fitting is supported by inboard and outboard journal rings resting on their respective bearing sleeves, which allow the “free” axial movement of the channel. In support of some maintenance activities, the west end fitting is required to be jacked to get certain clearance for accommodating the operating tools. The previous elastic calculation got the jacking limit of 8.89 mm, which did not provide enough clearance for tooling. In this paper, an elastic–plastic finite element analysis following ASME B&PV code Section III, Division 1, Subsection NB is performed to increase the jacking limit. The finite element analysis is carried out using ANSYS and validated by an ABAQUS model. In the elastic–plastic finite element analysis, the following effects are considered: strain hardening of stop collar material, stress concentration in stop collar weld, notch effect on stress concentration, and fatigue in stop collar. Cyclic jacking loads as displacement controlled loading are applied in the analysis. Considering the time to the end of unit life, the maximum anticipated end fitting jacking cycles are eight. The higher jacking limit is achieved with an acceptable plastic deformation and fatigue damage at the stop collar, which is the weakest part during the end fitting jacking. The results show that the end fitting can be jacked at west side end-face with 29.7 mm for 1–3 cycles, 29.2 mm for 4 cycles, 26.2 mm for 5 cycles, 24.1 mm for 6 cycles, 21.6 mm for 7 cycles, and 20.3 mm for 8 cycles. The jacking limits achieved in this paper provide enough clearance for the required maintenance operations.

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