Guidelines for Storage Tank Level 3 Fitness-for-Service Assessments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Huang ◽  
Kannan Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Cylindrical Structures ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Recent Edition

Abstract This paper explores the application of the required loads while performing fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments on an in-service storage tank. Specifically, API 579 – 1, Level 3 FFS assessments involving finite element analyses are studied. In the authors’ experience, due to the absence of specific details about the application of loads within the design codes and post construction standards such as API 579 - 1, the chosen load application is purely at the discretion of the analyst. Often times, choosing one methodology over the other can result in non-conservative assessments. For example, in order to apply wind load pressure distributions on tanks and vessels for plastic collapse and buckling behavior, API 579 – 1 directs the user to ASCE 7 – 16 for wind load calculations. However, previous versions of ASCE 7 did not specify a circumferential pressure distribution for cylindrical structures which can significantly vary around the circumference of a large diameter storage tank. In addition, a few changes in ASCE in the recent edition affect the assessment of in-service tanks for seismic loads. The authors assessed various load cases on tanks of varying diameter to thickness (D/t) ratios and diameter to height ratios. The results show that the choice of loading can have a significant impact on the buckling characteristics of the tanks in-service. This is an attempt to develop some assessment guidelines to support the proposed Tank Assessment Section in a future Edition of API 579 – 1 Standard.

Large Diameter Deepwater Gas Pipelines Subjected to Global Buckling Behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno R. Antunes ◽  
Rafael F. Solano ◽  
Carlos O. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Production Flow ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Global Buckling ◽  
Made In

Abstract In general, gas export pipeline designs have low restrictions concerning the flow assurance requirements, i. e., hydrate formation is not a great concern once processes in production platform facilities can significantly decrease the water content in the gas to be exported. Thus, these pipelines have only a small thickness of a single or multilayer anticorrosive coating and export gas at low temperatures. However, high pressures are required in order to overcome long distances and to increase the production flow rates. Large diameter gas pipelines submitted to high pressures even with low associated temperatures can be susceptible to global buckling, mainly if the pipelines are simply rested on a seabed of low resistance. This scenario characterizes strictly the gas pipelines installed in Brazilian Pre-Salt fields, where currently a relevant amount of export lines is operating in these conditions. Post-installation and operating pipeline surveys have identified marks on seabed confirming the buckle formation in some gas pipelines. In addition, axial movements of end equipment (PLETs) have been also observed. These issues require at least a verification and confirmation of the assumptions and predictions made in detailed design phase. This paper aims to present evaluations of the global buckling behavior of large diameter deepwater gas pipelines. Lateral buckles on very soft clayey seabed and displacements in ends and crossing locations are addressed in this work. Finally, numerical analyses confirm that gas pipelines structural integrity has not been jeopardized.

Simulation for a Floating Roof Behavior of Cylindrical Storage Tank due to Wind Load: Part 1 — CFD Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Kuroda ◽  
Hidesaku Uejima ◽  
Kazuo Ishida ◽  
Shoichi Yoshida ◽  
Masaki Shiratori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Oil Storage

Floating roofs are used in large cylindrical storage tanks to prevent evaporation of oil. The floating roof is said to vibrate in high winds like undulation of the sea surface. The wind induced, sea-surface-undulation-like vibration may initiate fatigue cracks at welded joints in the floating roof deck. In this two-part study, the authors attempted to simulate the vibration. In Part1 wind flow over an isolated cylindrical oil-storage tank was simulated without considering the motion of the roof. Computed unsteady pressure load data were transferred to structural analyses. Response analyses of the floating roof under the wind load are dealt with in Part2. The present paper describes the wind flow simulation. The computed pressure fluctuation over the roof exhibits broadband spectra and no remarkable dominant frequency. To gain some insights into characteristics of the roof pressure fluctuation and its association with global flow structures, the Snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), and the Complex POD were applied.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis of Scheffler reflector water heater

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Patil ◽  
Gajanan Awari ◽  
Mahendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
Maximum Water Temperature ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Storage

The performance of Scheffler reflector has been studied. In this system storage reservoir was installed at Focus point. It has a single large diameter drum which serves the dual purpose of absorber tube and storage tank. The drum is sized to have a storage capacity of 20 liter for experiment. The tests were carried out with this set up and were repeated for several days. Performance analysis of the collector has revealed that the average power and efficiency in terms of water boiling test to be 1.30 kilowatts and 21.61 % respectively against an average value of beam radiations of 742[Wm-2]. The maximum water temperature in the storage tank of 98?C has been achieved on a clear day operation and ambient temperature between 28?C to 31?C.

Wind load combinations and extreme pressure distributions on low-rise buildings

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Tamura ◽  
Hirotoshi Kikuchi ◽  
Kazuki Hibi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Load ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Pressure Distributions

Wind-Induced Dynamic Analysis and Construction Measures of Large Diameter Spherical Tank

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Bao Hui Xu ◽  
Jing Ji
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Spherical Tank ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Tank System ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Large Spherical

It is easy for the bulky spherical tank to take place wind-induced buckling under wind load, combined with the Daqing region specific practical engineering, simulation analysis of spherical tank system with 15.7m under random wind loads has been carried out by using ANSYS finite element software. The author investigates the mechanical properties of spherical tanks with the actions of self-weight and wind load, and obtains the deformation and stress distribution law of the tank, pillars and drawbars, at last construction suggestions of spherical tank is given, and these can provide technical support for improving the actual design for large spherical tank.

812 Simulation for a Floating Roof Behavior of Cylindrical Storage Tank due to Wind Load : Sloshing Response Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (0) ◽  
pp. _812-1_-_812-11_
Author(s):  
Shoichi YOSHIDA ◽  
Shinichi KURODA ◽  
Hidesaku UEJIMA ◽  
Kazuo ISHIDA ◽  
Masaki SHIRATORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Response Analysis

scholarly journals Simulation for a Floating Roof Behavior of Cylindrical Storage Tank due to Wind Load (CFD Analysis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (792) ◽  
pp. 1350-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi KURODA ◽  
Hidesaku UEJIMA ◽  
Kazuo ISHIDA ◽  
Shoichi YOSHIDA ◽  
Masaki SHIRATORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Cfd Analysis

DISCOVERY, CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY OF A JET FUEL STORAGE TANK LEAK: A CASE HISTORY

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Andres Talts ◽  
John Bauer ◽  
Calvin Martin ◽  
Douglas Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Point System ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Fuel Loss ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
High System

ABSTRACT In October 1975, product accountability suggested the loss of approximately 83,000 gallons of JP-4 from a newly cleaned 3.3 million gallon above ground storage tank at a U.S. government-owned fuel terminal. There was no visible evidence of a leak; however, a soil investigation confirmed the presence and extent of the fuel loss. Fuel was found within the porous ground at the water table 7-to-14 ft below the surface. Quick response permitted the use of a construction site well point system to contain the leak within the tank farm by drawdown and reversal of the water table gradient. Recovery of product was accomplished by diverting the pump discharge through the dike drainage system to the terminal oil/water separator. Approximately 21,000 gallons of fuel were recovered in a one month period. High system costs and declining flow and fuel recovery rates resulted in attempts to use different systems. A large diameter excavation and a new well point system failed to recover additional fuel; it was lost to evaporation or bound within the soil for bacterial degradation. It is recommended that spill plans for terminals in areas with porous soil should include provisions for containment and recovery of potential leaks and spills from within the ground.

An Analytical Study of the Structural Integrity of an LPG Storage Tank under Wind Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Kwan Park ◽  
Jae Min Kim ◽  
Chang Min Keum ◽  
C. Kim ◽  
Heon Oh Choi
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Important Design

Since the wall thicknesses of most large LPG storage tanks are thin while their diameters are large, their structural integrity is one of the most important design factors. The tanks are mainly located near the waterfront for efficient transport and accessibility. This leads to exposure to wind loads, which should be considered in the design of the tanks. This paper describes an analytical technique for determining the structural integrity of a 45m diameter-LPG storage tank in the case of a wind load based on API 620 code. A finite element model for the tank was made using shell elements and analyzed under 50 m/s wind. The calculated maximum von-Mises stress was 103 MPa whereas the yield strength of tank’s material is 222 MPa. This result shows that the structural integrity of the tank is assured.

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