Simulating Diffuse Axonal Injury During Traumatic Brain Injury Events

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Dolle ◽  
Rene Schloss ◽  
Martin L. Yarmush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) affect up to 1.5 million people annually within the United States with as many as 250,000 being hospitalized and 50,000 dying [1]. TBI events occur when the brain experiences a sudden trauma such as a rapid acc/deceleration. These events produce high inertial forces that result in a shearing or elongation of axons (commonly known as Diffuse Axonal Injury [2].

Simulating Axonal Stretch During Traumatic Brain Injury Events

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Dollé ◽  
Jeffrey Barminko ◽  
Rene Schloss ◽  
Martin L. Yarmush
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Rapid Deceleration ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) affect up to 1.5 million people annually within the United States with as many as 250,000 being hospitalized and 50,000 dying [1]. TBI events occur when the brain experiences a sudden trauma such as a rapid deceleration of the brain that typically occurs during motor vehicle accidents. During rapid deceleration events, the brain is subjected to high inertial forces that can result in a shearing or elongation of axons that is commonly known as Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) [2,3].

Waterjet Assisted Craniotome for Reduced Dural Tears

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Orner ◽  
Michael Greminger ◽  
Amit Goyal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dural Tears ◽  
Burr Holes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gain Access

A craniotomy is a procedure where a piece of the skull is removed in order to gain access to the brain. This is commonly done to remove brain tumors, treat epilepsy, and to treat traumatic brain injury. Currently, the craniotomy procedure involves drilling one or more burr holes and then using a craniotome to complete the cut. The craniotome consists of a rotating cutting tool and a dura guard, which is intended to prevent the cutting tool from touching the dura. However, even with the dura guard, dural tears occur in approximately 20–30% of craniotomy procedures [1], [2]. There are approximately 160,000 craniotomies performed per year in the United States [3]. Dural tears add time to the craniotomy procedure due to the increased difficulty in suturing the dura and the potential need to use synthetic dura material in order to reclose the dura. Also, if the dura tears while using the craniotome, the brain is no longer protected as the craniotomy is completed. There is a strong desire among neurosurgeons to have an improved tool for craniotomies that reduces the incidence of dural tears.

scholarly journals The importance of multidisciplinary team in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Vol.11, no.3) ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Corina ROMAN-FILIP ◽  
Maria-Gabriela CATANĂ
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precise Representation ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Brain

Noticeable advances have occurred in the field of traumatic brain injury in the past ten years. Brain imagery provides a more precise representation of what occurs in the brain, diffuse axonal injury being an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury. We present 2 cases that were admitted and discharged from our department. Actually we want to emphasize differences and similarities between the two cases and to highlight different sequelae that traumatic brain injury can do in young patients. Both patients were admitted in a critical state – GCS 4 points and were discharged with an improved neurological status after approximately 30 days. We decided to present these cases to issue a warning about the rehabilitation for these patients which most of the times have a prolonged hospitalization. We wanted to highlight that the rehabilitation does not consist only in the motor part, but in the psychiatric and behaviour part too.

Information for Rehabilitation Counselors on Guardianship and Alternatives to Guardianship for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injuries

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Michelle McGraw-Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
The Individual

As the number of persons with traumatic brain injury has increased in the United States, the focus placed on whether or not guardianship is appropriate for such individuals has expanded. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge for rehabilitation counselors on the issues of guardianship and to explore other, less intrusive methods to meet the needs of individuals with traumatic brain injuries while maximizing their independence. Issues such as competency and independence need to be addressed in order to determine the necessity of guardianship. The level of restriction that guardianship imposes on the individual must also be considered in regards to what is most appropriate for the person with a traumatic brain injury, with consideration given to alternatives to guardianship that are less restrictive and invasive. Alternatives to guardianship include designating a representative payee, choosing a durable power of attorney, or creating a trust for the person with a traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation counselors should be knowledgeable of the issues surrounding guardianship and alternatives to guardianship in order to have a strong knowledge base regarding issues that may affect their clients with traumatic brain injuries and to be able to provide the highest quality of services to their clients.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Sahler ◽  
Brian D. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinical diagnosis of neurological dysfunction following head trauma, typically presenting with acute symptoms of some degree of cognitive impairment. There are an estimated 1.7 to 3.8 million TBIs each year in the United States, approximately 10 percent of which are due to sports and recreational activities. Most brain injuries are self-limited with symptom resolution within one week, however, a growing amount of data is now establishing significant sequelae from even minor impacts such as headaches, prolonged cognitive impairments, or even death. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment according to standardized guidelines are crucial when treating athletes who may be subjected to future head trauma, possibly increasing their likelihood of long-term impairments.

scholarly journals Axons-on-a-Chip for Mimicking Non-Disruptive Diffuse Axonal Injury underlying Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Haofei Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Pan ◽  
Dejan Gagoski ◽  
Nela Durisic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Intracellular Changes

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the most severe pathological feature of traumatic brain injury. However, how primary axonal injury is induced by mechanical stress and whether it could be mitigated remain unknown, largely due to the resolution limits of medical imaging approaches. Here we established an Axon-on-a-Chip (AoC) model for mimicking DAI and investigating its early cellular responses. By integrating computational fluid dynamics and microfluidic techniques, DAI was observed for the first time during mechanical stress, and a clear correlation between stress intensity and severity of DAI was elucidated. This AoC was further used to investigate the dynamic intracellular changes occurring simultaneously with stress, and identified delayed local Ca2+ surges escorted rapid disruption of periodic axonal cytoskeleton during the early stage of DAI. Compatible with high-resolution live-microscopy, this model hereby provides a versatile system to identify early mechanisms underlying DAI, offering a platform for screening effective treatments to alleviate brain injuries.

scholarly journals Pathomorphology and expert assessment of a diffuse axonal injury of the brain

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3 (67) p.1) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
O. I. Gerasimenko ◽  
Ye. G. Polivoda
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
The Brain

The prevalence of diffuse axonal brain injury (DAI) among 936 people with a traumatic brain injury was investigated. Specific morphological features, permitting to diagnose DAI, and to determine the prescription of injuries have been determined by means of histological methods of research.

Diagnostic features of traumatic brain injury in childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariy Lazarevna Chukhlovina
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Trauma Diagnostics ◽  
The Brain

The review article concerns some issues of improved diagnostics and main neuro-radiological criteria of traumatic brain injuries in childhood. Special attention is given to anatomic and physiological features of brain in children, aiming for proper evaluation of severity in traumatic brain injury. We provide a summary of data concerning modern echniques of brain trauma diagnostics, and its consequences in children. Utility of neurovisualization, electrophysiological techniques, biochemical approaches for detecting the brain damage biomarkers, demonstrated in order to determine severity of brain trauma in childhood.

Working with Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Laura Krefting ◽  
Douglas Krefting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
The Past

In the past ten years traumatic brain injury has reached epidemic proportions. Each year in the United States 100,000 people die and another 90,000 people have their lives irrevocably changed by brain trauma. The majority of brain injuries are caused by vehicular and sports accidents, many involving people under the influence of alcohol. Tragically, two-thirds of the victims are between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.

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