Diagnostic features of traumatic brain injury in childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariy Lazarevna Chukhlovina
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Trauma Diagnostics ◽  
The Brain

The review article concerns some issues of improved diagnostics and main neuro-radiological criteria of traumatic brain injuries in childhood. Special attention is given to anatomic and physiological features of brain in children, aiming for proper evaluation of severity in traumatic brain injury. We provide a summary of data concerning modern echniques of brain trauma diagnostics, and its consequences in children. Utility of neurovisualization, electrophysiological techniques, biochemical approaches for detecting the brain damage biomarkers, demonstrated in order to determine severity of brain trauma in childhood.

Simulating Diffuse Axonal Injury During Traumatic Brain Injury Events

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Dolle ◽  
Rene Schloss ◽  
Martin L. Yarmush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) affect up to 1.5 million people annually within the United States with as many as 250,000 being hospitalized and 50,000 dying [1]. TBI events occur when the brain experiences a sudden trauma such as a rapid acc/deceleration. These events produce high inertial forces that result in a shearing or elongation of axons (commonly known as Diffuse Axonal Injury [2].

MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
Intracranial Hematomas

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals Reply to Comment on Tsai, Y.-C., et al. Association of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Hyperglycemia with Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of a Propensity Score-Matched Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4266

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Analysis

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

scholarly journals Effect Sizes for Symptomatic and Cognitive Improvements in Traumatic Brain Injury Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Thomas Biggs ◽  
Hugh M. Dainer ◽  
Lanny F Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Effect Sizes

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proposed as a method to treat traumatic brain injuries. The combination of pressure and increased oxygen concentration produces a higher content of dissolved oxygen in the bloodstream, which could generate a therapeutic benefit for brain injuries. This dissolved oxygen penetrates deeper into damaged brain tissue than otherwise possible and promotes healing. The result includes improved cognitive functioning and an alleviation of symptoms. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to produce consistent conclusions across multiple studies. There are numerous explanations that might account for the mixed evidence, although one possibility is that prior evidence focuses primarily on statistical significance. The current analyses explored existing evidence by calculating an effect size from each active treatment group and each control group among previous studies. An effect size measure offers several advantages when comparing across studies as it can be used to directly contrast evidence from different scales, and it provides a proximal measure of clinical significance. When exploring the therapeutic benefit through effect sizes, there was a robust and consistent benefit to individuals who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Placebo effects from the control condition could account for approximately one-third of the observed benefits, but there appeared to be a clinically significant benefit to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment intervention for traumatic brain injuries. This evidence highlights the need for design improvements when exploring interventions for traumatic brain injury as well as the importance of focusing on clinical significance in addition to statistical significance.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injuries: Unreported and Untreated in an Army Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M Escolas ◽  
Margie Luton ◽  
Hamid Ferdosi ◽  
Bianca D Chavez ◽  
Scot D Engel
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT Introduction In 2008, it was reported that 19.5% of service members previously deployed experienced a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fifty-seven percent of those did not seek medical care. It was suggested that concerns with seeking care involved confidentiality and career issues. Objective: This study addressed mTBI history, medical treatment history, and stigmas associated with mTBI/concussion. Materials and Methods An anonymous questionnaire was developed. Data collection occurred throughout March 2018 in conjunction with Brain Injury Awareness Month activities. Results All 5,174 volunteers were Army; 86% male; 87% were between 18 and 34 years old; 89% had <14 years in the military; 35% had a combat deployment; and 10% reported having one or more mTBIs in their military careers. Of the Soldiers who reported a concussion, 52% sought medical care. Of those not seeking care, 64% reported they did not think the injury required care, followed by 18% fearing negative impact on their career. Twenty-eight percent who experienced an mTBI versus 11% who have not reported that there is a stigma associated with an mTBI. Conclusions Soldiers sometimes failed to report their suspected concussions and did not seek medical care. Educational efforts may increase reporting of and medical screening for potentially concussive events. Future research to determine the ramifications of unreported and untreated mTBIs/concussions is recommended.

scholarly journals Validation of the scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minor and moderate head trauma in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Sönnerqvist ◽  
Ole Brus ◽  
Magnus Olivecrona
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Initial Management

Abstract Background Head trauma in children is common, with a low rate of clinically important traumatic brain injury. CT scan is the reference standard for diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, of which the increasing use is alarming because of the risk of induction of lethal malignancies. Recently, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee derived new guidelines for the initial management of minor and moderate head trauma. Our aim was to validate these guidelines. Methods We applied the guidelines to a population consisting of children with mild and moderate head trauma, enrolled in the study: “Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study” by Kuppermann et al. (Lancet 374(9696):1160–1170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61558-0, 2009). We calculated the negative predictive values of the guidelines to assess their ability to distinguish children without clinically-important traumatic brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries on CT scans, for whom CT could be omitted. Results We analysed a population of 43,025 children. For clinically-important brain injuries among children with minimal head injuries, the negative predictive value was 99.8% and the rate was 0.15%. For traumatic findings on CT, the negative predictive value was 96.9%. Traumatic finding on CT was detected in 3.1% of children with minimal head injuries who underwent a CT examination, which accounts for 0.45% of all children in this group. Conclusion Children with minimal head injuries can be safely discharged with oral and written instructions. Use of the SNC-G will potentially reduce the use of CT.

The Adam Williams Initiative: Collaborating With Community Resources to Improve Care for Traumatic Brain Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Bader ◽  
Sonja E. Stutzman ◽  
Sylvain Palmer ◽  
Chiedozie I. Nwagwu ◽  
Gary Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Brain Trauma Foundation ◽  
The Brain

Background The Brain Trauma Foundation has developed treatment guidelines for the care of patients with acute traumatic brain injury. However, a method to provide broad acceptance and application of these guidelines has not been published. Objective To describe methods for the development, funding, and continued educational efforts of the Adam Williams Initiative; the experiences from the first 10 years may serve as a template for hospitals and nurses that seek to engage in long-term quality improvement collaborations with foundations and/or industry. Methods In 2004, the nonprofit Adam Williams Initiative was established with the goal of providing education and resources that would encourage hospitals across the United States to incorporate the Brain Trauma Foundation’s guidelines into practice. Results Between 2004 and 2014, 37 hospitals have been funded by the Adam Williams Initiative and have had staff members participate in an immersion experience at Mission Hospital (Mission Viejo, California) during which team members received both didactic and hands-on education in the care of traumatic brain injury. Conclusions Carefully cultivated relationships and relentless teamwork have contributed to successful implementation of the Brain Trauma Foundation’s guidelines in US hospitals.

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