scholarly journals Protected Areas and Community Relationships in the Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of Dwesa- Cwebe Nature Reserve in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andisiwe Bango ◽  
Zanele Xelelo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Community Relationships

scholarly journals Epidemiology and hypothetical transmission cycles of Trichinella infections in the Greater Kruger National Park of South Africa: an example of host-parasite interactions in an environment with minimal human interactions

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Louis J. La Grange ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Transmission Cycles ◽  
Sub Saharan

Knowledge on the epidemiology, host range and transmission of Trichinella spp. infections in different ecological zones in southern Africa including areas of wildlife-human interface is limited. The majority of reports on Trichinella infections in sub-Saharan Africa were from wildlife resident in protected areas. Elucidation of the epidemiology of the infections and the prediction of hosts involved in the sylvatic cycles within specific ecological niches is critical. Of recent, there have been reports of Trichinella infections in several wildlife species within the Greater Kruger National Park (GKNP) of South Africa, which has prompted the revision and update of published hypothetical transmission cycles including the hypothetical options based previously on the biology and feeding behaviour of wildlife hosts confined to the GKNP. Using data gathered from surveillance studies and reports spanning the period 1964–2019, confirmed transmission cycles and revised hypothesized transmission cycles of three known Trichinella species (T. zimbabwensis, Trichinella T8 and T. nelsoni) are presented. These were formulated based on the epidemiological factors, feeding habits of hosts and prevalence data gathered from the GKNP. We presume that the formulated sylvatic cycles may be extrapolated to similar national parks and wildlife protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa where the same host and parasite species are known to occur. The anecdotal nature of some of the presented data confirms the need for more intense epidemiological surveillance in national parks and wildlife protected areas in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa to unravel the epidemiology of Trichinella infections in these unique and diverse protected landscapes.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Local Communities towards Marula Tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) Conservation at the Villages of Ha-Mashau and Ha-Mashamba in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ndidzulafhi Sinthumule ◽  
Mbuelo Mashau
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Sub Saharan

The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), a common species in sub-Saharan Africa, grows naturally in both protected and communal land. Although considerable research has been undertaken on these trees in southern Africa, to the authors’ knowledge, the attitudes of local communities towards the protection of marula trees, particularly in communal land, has not been researched. This study intends to fill this gap in knowledge by examining the attitudes of local people towards conservation of marula trees. Studying the attitudes of people can provide insights on how they behave and how they are willing to coexist with S. birrea. The case study is set in Limpopo Province of South Africa in the villages of Ha-Mashau (Thondoni) and Ha-Mashamba where marula trees grow naturally. To fulfil the aim of this study, door-to-door surveys were carried out in 2018 and questionnaire interviews were used as the main data collection tool in 150 randomly selected households. The study revealed that local communities in the study area had positive attitudes towards conservation of marula trees. Strategies that are used by local communities to protect marula trees in communal land are discussed.

scholarly journals Household food waste disposal in South Africa: A case study of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Oelofse ◽  
Aubrey Muswema ◽  
Fhumulani Ramukhwatho
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Sub Saharan

Food waste is becoming an important issue in light of population growth and global food security concerns. However, data on food wastage are limited, especially for developing countries. Global estimates suggest that households in developed countries waste more food than those in developing countries, but these estimates are based on assumptions that have not been tested. We therefore set out to present primary data relating to household food waste disposal for South Africa within the sub-Saharan African context. As the Gauteng Province contributes about 45% of the total municipal waste generated in South Africa, the case study area covers two of the large urban metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng, namely Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg, with a combined population of 8.33 million, representing nearly 15% of the South African population. Municipal solid waste characterisation studies using bulk sampling with randomised grab sub-sampling were undertaken over a 6-week period during summer in 2014 (Johannesburg) and 2016 (Ekurhuleni), covering a representative sample of the municipal waste collection routes from households in each of the two surveyed municipalities. The food waste component of the household waste (excluding garden waste) was 3% in Ekurhuleni and 7% in Johannesburg. The results indicate that an average of 0.48 kg (Ekurhuleni) and 0.69 kg (Johannesburg) of food waste (including inedible parts) is disposed of into the municipal bin per household per week in the two municipalities, respectively. This translates into per capita food waste disposal of 8 kg and 12 kg per annum, respectively, in South Africa as compared to the estimated 6–11 kg per annum in sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Geographic Variation of Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-B. Kandala ◽  
W. Tigbe ◽  
S. O. Manda ◽  
S. Stranges
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

IMPACT OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE ON INTERNAL KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE AFRICA INSTITUTE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Shingi Muzondo ◽  
Ezra Ondari-Ekemwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internal Knowledge

This article reports on a study that investigated the impact of organisational culture on internal knowledge production and assessed the challenges of producing knowledge at the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA), which is seen as a model knowledge producing think tank in sub-Saharan Africa. The broad objectives of the study were: identifying AISA’s achievements in knowledge production; finding out the challenges AISA confronts in producing knowledge; examining how AISA’s organisational culture impacts on internal knowledge production; and suggesting ways in which knowledge production at AISA and other think tanks may be improved. A case study was conducted and self-administered questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, document analysis, and observation were used to collect data. The findings showed that AISA’s knowledge production efforts are confronted by several challenges, including: organisational culture and employees’ negative attitudes towards sharing knowledge freely, and employees encountering difficulties in finding the information and knowledge they need. If these challenges could be identified and clearly confined, it is argued that AISA would be in a better position to effectively produce and utilise knowledge, enabling it to achieve its objectives more efficiently. It is recommended that AISA acquire knowledge from external sources; produce knowledge internally which it uses and is used by its clientele; and establish itself as a knowledge-based organisation by creating a knowledge friendly culture as a framework for addressing the issue of organisational culture. The study results will hopefully lay a foundation for understanding ways of improving knowledge production at AISA and thus influence positive public policy in sub-Saharan Africa.

Molecular detection of natural infection ofLymnaea(Pseudosuccinea)columella(Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) withFasciola gigantica(Digenea: Fasciolidae) from two provinces of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Malatji ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThe main intermediate host ofFasciola giganticain sub-Saharan Africa isLymnaea(Radix)natalensis.Lymnaea(Pseudosuccinea)columellais capable of transmitting bothF. giganticaandF. hepaticaand has been reported to be present in South Africa. To date, no natural infection withF. giganticahas been reported despite the wide distribution of the snail. The aim of this study was to confirm whetherL.(P.)columellawas transmittingF. giganticaand/orF. hepaticain selected locations of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.Lymnaea(Pseudosuccinea)columellasnails were collected from two locations in two provinces of South Africa and screened for cercariae shedding. This was followed by humanely sacrificing the screened snails, and whole tissue of each individual snail was homogenized and amplified using primers designed to amplify the ITS-1 region ofFasciolaspp. No cercariae were shed from the screened snails and molecular analysis showed that snails from the two locations were infected withF. gigantica. This study confirms natural infection ofL.(P.)columellawithF. giganticain South Africa, whereF. giganticaandF. hepaticahave already been reported to coexist. AlthoughL.(P.)columellais able to transmit the two species, surprisingly no infection withF. hepaticawas detected from the screened snails. The natural intermediate host ofF. giganticain southern Africa, including South Africa, isLymnaea(Radix)natalensisand comparative studies are needed to determine the competence of the two snail species in the transmission ofF. gigantica.

Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
James Leigland
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Ssa Countries

This chapter presents a case study of the Nelspruit water concession completed in South Africa’s Mpumalanga Province in 1999. This is generally considered to be the third “classic” brownfield water concession in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), involving capital investment in system assets as well as commercial operation of the system by the private partner. The Nelspruit project exhibits most of the risks and shortcomings that helped account for the precipitous decline in private sector interest in such projects after the Asian financial crisis, as documented in Chapter 4. How did these risks and shortcomings materialize in Nelspruit? How were they dealt with and in what manner does the project continue to function after two decades? Why have there been no other prominent examples of similar “classic” water concessions in South Africa or in other SSA countries since 1999?

scholarly journals Complications of traditional circumcision amongst young Xhosa males seen at St Lucy’s Hospital, Tsolo, Eastern Cape, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Anike ◽  
Indiran Govender ◽  
John V. Ndimade ◽  
John Tumbo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Traditional circumcision of males is common amongst many societies in sub-Saharan Africa. Circumcision amongst the Xhosa people of South Africa represents a rite of passage to manhood. Traditional male circumcision has an increased risk for complications that include sepsis, genitalmutilation, gangrenous penis, excessive bleeding, dehydration, renal failure and death. The aim of this study was to describe the complications of traditional circumcisions amongst Xhosa men as seen at St. Lucy’s Hospital in the Eastern Cape Province.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted in 2008. Records of 105 malesadmitted to St. Lucy’s Hospital with complications following traditional circumcision were reviewed. Data collected included age, education level, race, reasons for circumcision, complications, the period of circumcision, duration of hospital stay and the outcomes. Descriptive data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS 17.0.Results: The ages ranged from 15–35 years with 68 (64.8%) between 15–19 years. 83 (79%) had a secondarylevel of education, 16 (15.2%) primary, 5 (4.8%) tertiary and 1% had no education. 60 (57%) werecircumcised as initiation to manhood, 21 (20.0%) due to peer pressure, 20 (19.0%) for cultural reasons, and 1(1.0%) was forced. The complications were sepsis (59 [56.2%]), genital mutilation (28 [26.7%]), dehydration(12 [11.4%]) and amputation of genitalia (6 [5.7%]).Fifty-nine (56.2%) patients were circumcised in winter.79 (75.2%) were circumcised in the forest, and 25 (23.8%) in initiation centres. Fifty-eight (55.2%) werecircumcised by traditionalists, and 47 (44.8%) by tribal elders (initiators). Hospital stays ranged from 8 to28 days. 66% were healed and discharged, and 29 (27.6%) were referred to higher centres of care.Conclusion: Genital sepsis was the most common complication of traditional male circumcision.Complications were related to the circumciser, advanced age of the patient and place of circumcision. Thereis need for training of the traditional circumcisers on safe techniques and use of hygienic practices in orderto reduce the complications identified in this study.

scholarly journals Emergence of rabies in the Gauteng Province, South Africa: 2010–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude T. Sabeta ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Peter Geertsma ◽  
Debra Mohale ◽  
Jacobeth Miyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Sub Saharan

Canine rabies is enzootic throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, including the Republic of South Africa. Historically, in South Africa the coastal provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape were most affected. Alarmingly, outbreaks of canine rabies have been increasingly reported in the past decade from sites where it has previously been under control. From January 2010 to December 2011, 53 animal rabies cases were confirmed; these were mostly in domestic dogs from southern Johannesburg, which was previously considered to be rabies free. In addition, one case was confirmed in a 26-month old girl who had been scratched by a pet puppy during this period. The introduction of rabies into Gauteng Province was investigated through genetic analysis of rabies positive samples confirmed during the outbreak period. In addition, the nucleotide sequences of incidental cases reported in the province for the past ten years were also included in the analysis. It was found that the recent canine rabies outbreak in the Gauteng Province came from the introduction of the rabies virus from KwaZulu-Natal, with subsequent local spread in the susceptible domestic dog population of southern Johannesburg. The vulnerability of the province was also highlighted through multiple, dead-end introductions in the past ten years. This is the first report of a rabies outbreak in the greater Johannesburg area with evidence of local transmission in the domestic dog population.

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