Intelligent unmanned offshore plastic waste efficient recovery and cracking oil refining platform applied to the open sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhao
2012 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Yu. Astashov

The article considers the state of things in Russian oil refining. The options for its modernization are analyzed, as well as the effects of tax reforms in the sector. It is noted that current tax reforms mostly touch upon refining, not oil extraction, so one can expect further reforms in the sector and their impact on the industry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
A. S. Kaukin ◽  
E. М. Miller

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Василий Садовников

This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, to find the stoichiometry of each of the stages. This experiment is based on the need to obtain the exact value of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the number of centers at which the reaction proceeds, and the output curves of each of the reaction products. The procedures for obtaining this data are described in detail. Equations are proposed and solved that allow calculating the kinetic parameters of the nonequilibrium stage and the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium stage. The description of the quantitative theory of chemisorption is based on the description of the motion of an atom along a crystal face. The axioms on which this mathematics should be based are formulated, the mathematical apparatus of the theory is written and the most detailed instructions on how to use it are presented. The first axiom: an atom, moving along the surface, is present only in places with minima of potential energy. The second axiom: the face of an atom is divided into cells, and the position of the atom on the surface of the face is set by one parameter: the cell number. The third axiom: the atom interacts with the surrounding material bodies only at the points of minimum potential energy. The fourth axiom: the solution of the equations is a map of the arrangement of atoms on the surface. The fifth axiom: quantitative equations are based on the concept of a statistically independent particle. The formation energies of these particles and their concentration are calculated by the developed program. The program based on these axioms allows you to simulate and calculate the interaction energies of atoms on any crystal face. The monograph is intended for students, post-graduate students and researchers studying work and working in petrochemistry and oil refining.


Author(s):  
D.I. Kanafeeva ◽  
◽  
V.A. Yasashin ◽  
G.V. Radaev ◽  
◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Neha Patni ◽  
◽  
Pujita Yadava ◽  
Anisha Agarwal ◽  
Vyoma Maroo
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Almeida ◽  
◽  
Maria de Fatima Marques ◽  

In the present work, the pyrolysis of polypropylene and polyethylene was evaluated with and without the addition of niobium oxide as catalyst by means of thermogravimetric analysis and experiments in a glass reactor. The results revealed that niobium oxide performed well in the pyrolysis of both polypropylene and polyethylene separately. For the mixture of polypropylene with polyethylene, the catalyst reduced the pyrolysis time.


Author(s):  
J. Manning
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 


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