Study of Microwave Radiation Influence on Fuel Oil Desulphurization Process

Many chemical processes are intensified by microwave radiation. The main factor determining the usefulness of microwaves in most transformations of organic compounds is the reaction time reduction to obtain the maximum yield of the target product. The presence of sulphur in oil and petroleum products is detrimental to refining equipment, and also has a negative impact on the environment in the form of waste generated during refining. In this connection development of methods on removal of sulphurcontaining compounds from oil products and oil by their transformation (in particular oxidation) and subsequent removal is very significant. Oxidative desulphurisation of fuel oil takes up to several hours depending on the reagents used. In this work an attempt has been made to significantly reduce the duration of the process. Oxidation of sulphur-containing organic compounds in fuel oil under microwave radiation has been considered, which proceeds in the presence of an oxidizer (hydrogen peroxide) and a catalyst (titanium dioxide). It was found that the oxidative desulphurization of fuel oil at microwave radiation proceeds effectively and quickly within 1--5 min. The achieved degree of desulphurization is 66 % when exposed to microwave radiation for 5 min. The influence of the amount of water in the reaction mixture on the efficiency of oxidative desulphurization of fuel oil under microwave radiation has been studied; it was found that the optimum ratio of water : fuel oil was (1--1.2) : 1

The Basic Problems of Breakdown of Oil Refining Equipment

The paper describes typical cases of failure of elements of oil refining equipment, including the destruction of welded joints made by austenitic electrodes, furnace coil pipes cracking, hydrogen cracking, metallurgical cases and corrosion. The causes of destruction and depressurization are classified with the identification of the main problems and the relations between them.

New ternary deep eutectic solvents for effective wheat straw deconstruction into its high-value utilization under near-neutral conditions

The new synthesized DES is used to reduce, which significantly reduces the maintenance cost of biomass refining equipment and provides a feasible way for biomass resource utilization under near-neutral conditions.

BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF CORROSION INHIBITORS, IMPLEMENTED IN THE FACILITY ON THE FRONT OF THE CENTURIES

Mass use of metals as structural materials, exactly iron (steels), has a significant lack related with their destruction in natural and man-made corrosive environments. The article presents a brief analysis of the results and achievements of scientists and specialists of UPI-USPTU obtained in the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the creation and application of electrochemical corrosion inhibitors. The main attention is paid to the action of acidic water and water-organic corrosive media on the surface of metals and structural materials used in the creation of oil refining equipment. In the period from 1960 to 2010, a number of corrosion inhibitors based on heterocyclic compounds were developed in UPI-USPTU to prevent the destruction of metal and steel alloys in natural and man-made aggressive environments, the mechanism of their action was established and the efficiency of practical use was justified.

Technical condition parameters affecting the period of safe operation of technological pipelines

The task is to estimate the period of technological pipelines safe operation depending on the total influence of oil refining equipment technical parameters. 9 feature properties of technological pipelines were singled out, and the estimation was made with the help of such indicator as the residual life of pipelines. The authors constructed a mathematical model, calculated the diagnostic coefficients and informative character of the characteristic for each period accepted by the expert. A mechanism for estimating the safe operational lifetime of pipeline systems is proposed. Conclusions were drawn about the advisability of applying the proposed method for solving this class of problems.