Processing of acoustic signals in the auditory system of bony fish

1988 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Rogers ◽  
Arthur N. Popper ◽  
Mardi C. Hastings ◽  
William M. Saidel
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Bony Fish

The Representation of Amplitude Modulations in the Mammalian Auditory Midbrain

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1602-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Krebs ◽  
Nicholas A. Lesica ◽  
Benedikt Grothe
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Interpulse Interval ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulus Amplitude ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
The Relationship

Temporal modulations in stimulus amplitude are essential for recognizing and categorizing behaviorally relevant acoustic signals such as speech. Despite this behavioral importance, it remains unclear how amplitude modulations (AMs) are represented in the responses of neurons at higher levels of the auditory system. Studies using stimuli with sinusoidal amplitude modulations (SAMs) have shown that the responses of many neurons are strongly tuned to modulation frequency, leading to the hypothesis that AMs are represented by their periodicity in the auditory midbrain. However, AMs in general are defined not only by their modulation frequency, but also by a number of other parameters (duration, duty cycle, etc.), which covary with modulation frequency in SAM stimuli. Thus the relationship between modulation frequency and neural responses as characterized with SAM stimuli alone is ambiguous. In this study, we characterize the representation of AMs in the gerbil inferior colliculus by analyzing neural responses to a series of pulse trains in which duration and interpulse interval are systematically varied to quantify the importance of duration, interpulse interval, duty cycle, and modulation frequency independently. We find that, although modulation frequency is indeed an important parameter for some neurons, the responses of many neurons are also strongly influenced by other AM parameters, typically duration and duty cycle. These results suggest that AMs are represented in the auditory midbrain not only by their periodicity, but by a complex combination of several important parameters.

Peripheral control of acoustic signals in the auditory system of echolocating bats

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
P. H. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Fusion Frequency ◽  
Incoming Signal ◽  
Self Stimulation

Many species of echolocating bats emit intense orientation sounds. If such intense sounds directly stimulated their ears, detection of faint echoes would be impaired. Therefore, possible mechanisms for the attenuation of self-stimulation were studied with Myotis lucifugus. The acoustic middle-ear-muscle reflex could perfectly and transiently regulate the amplitude of an incoming signal only at its beginning. However, its shortest latency in terms of electromyograms and of the attenuation of the cochlear microphonic was 3–4 and 4–8 msec, respectively, so that these muscles failed to attenuate orientation signals by the reflex. The muscles, however, received a message from the vocalization system when the bat vocalized, and contracted synchronously with vocalization. The duration of the contraction-relaxation was so short that the self-stimulation was attenuated, but the echoes were not. The tetanus-fusion frequency of tha stapedium muscle ranged between 260 and 320/sec. Unlike the efferent fibres in the lateral-line and vestibular systems, the olivo-cochlear bundle showed no sign of attenuation of self-stimulation.

scholarly journals Brain Activation Patterns in Response to Conspecific and Heterospecific Social Acoustic Signals in Female Plainfin Midshipman Fish, Porichthys notatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Mohr ◽  
Yiran Chang ◽  
Ashwin A. Bhandiwad ◽  
Paul M. Forlano ◽  
Joseph A. Sisneros
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Torus Semicircularis ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Porichthys Notatus ◽  
Plainfin Midshipman

While the peripheral auditory system of fish has been well studied, less is known about how the fish’s brain and central auditory system process complex social acoustic signals. The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, has become a good species for investigating the neural basis of acoustic communication because the production and reception of acoustic signals is paramount for this species’ reproductive success. Nesting males produce long-duration advertisement calls that females detect and localize among the noise in the intertidal zone to successfully find mates and spawn. How female midshipman are able to discriminate male advertisement calls from environmental noise and other acoustic stimuli is unknown. Using the immediate early gene product cFos as a marker for neural activity, we quantified neural activation of the ascending auditory pathway in female midshipman exposed to conspecific advertisement calls, heterospecific white seabass calls, or ambient environment noise. We hypothesized that auditory hindbrain nuclei would be activated by general acoustic stimuli (ambient noise and other biotic acoustic stimuli) whereas auditory neurons in the midbrain and forebrain would be selectively activated by conspecific advertisement calls. We show that neural activation in two regions of the auditory hindbrain, i.e., the rostral intermediate division of the descending octaval nucleus and the ventral division of the secondary octaval nucleus, did not differ via cFos immunoreactive (cFos-ir) activity when exposed to different acoustic stimuli. In contrast, female midshipman exposed to conspecific advertisement calls showed greater cFos-ir in the nucleus centralis of the midbrain torus semicircularis compared to fish exposed only to ambient noise. No difference in cFos-ir was observed in the torus semicircularis of animals exposed to conspecific versus heterospecific calls. However, cFos-ir was greater in two forebrain structures that receive auditory input, i.e., the central posterior nucleus of the thalamus and the anterior tuberal hypothalamus, when exposed to conspecific calls versus either ambient noise or heterospecific calls. Our results suggest that higher-order neurons in the female midshipman midbrain torus semicircularis, thalamic central posterior nucleus, and hypothalamic anterior tuberal nucleus may be necessary for the discrimination of complex social acoustic signals. Furthermore, neurons in the central posterior and anterior tuberal nuclei are differentially activated by exposure to conspecific versus other acoustic stimuli.

scholarly journals Binaural Heterophasic Superdirective Beamforming

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yuzhu Wang ◽  
Jingdong Chen ◽  
Jacob Benesty ◽  
Jilu Jin ◽  
Gongping Huang
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Random Phase ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Acoustic Arrays ◽  
Noise Amplification ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Noise

The superdirective beamformer, while attractive for processing broadband acoustic signals, often suffers from the problem of white noise amplification. So, its application requires well-designed acoustic arrays with sensors of extremely low self-noise level, which is difficult if not impossible to attain. In this paper, a new binaural superdirective beamformer is proposed, which is divided into two sub-beamformers. Based on studies and facts in psychoacoustics, these two filters are designed in such a way that they are orthogonal to each other to make the white noise components in the binaural beamforming outputs incoherent while maximizing the output interaural coherence of the diffuse noise, which is important for the brain to localize the sound source of interest. As a result, the signal of interest in the binaural superdirective beamformer’s outputs is in phase but the white noise components in the outputs are random phase, so the human auditory system can better separate the acoustic signal of interest from white noise by listening to the outputs of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the derived binaural superdirective beamformer is superior to its conventional monaural counterpart.

Speaker Verification via Modeling Kurtosis Using Sparse Coding

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 1659008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jiqing Han ◽  
Tieran Zheng ◽  
Guibin Zheng ◽  
Xingyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Speaker Verification ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Individual Speaker

This paper proposes a new model for speaker verification by employing kurtosis statistical method based on sparse coding of human auditory system. Since only a small number of neurons in primary auditory cortex are activated in encoding acoustic stimuli and sparse independent events are used to represent the characteristics of the neurons. Each individual dictionary is learned from individual speaker samples where dictionary atoms correspond to the cortex neurons. The neuron responses possess statistical properties of acoustic signals in auditory cortex so that the activation distribution of individual speaker’s neurons is approximated as the characteristics of the speaker. Kurtosis is an efficient approach to measure the sparsity of the neuron from its activation distribution, and the vector composed of the kurtosis of every neuron is obtained as the model to characterize the speaker’s voice. The experimental results demonstrate that the kurtosis model outperforms the baseline systems and an effective identity validation function is achieved desirably.

Based on Bayesian Network of Artificial Fish of Auditory System Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang He ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Han Li
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
System Research ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
High Frequency Signal

The intelligent virtual environment in an artificial fish of virtual auditory system is designed in this paper. Firstly, the model of artificial fish of auditory system in intelligent virtual environment (IVE) is built. Secondly, two-layer of artificial fish of auditory perception is designed according to the biological mechanism of auditory. The first layer is based on the design of the low frequency signal. The second layer is based on the design of the high frequency signal. And using the bayesian network(BN) to realize the acoustic signals of artificial fish to learn and memory algorithm. Get a satisfactory result through animation simulation.

Evaluation of Efferent Auditory System and Hearing Quality in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Difficulty in Speech Understanding in Complex Listening Conditions Related to Neural Degeneration or Aging?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay ◽  
Bülent Gündüz ◽  
Fatih Söke ◽  
Recep Karamert
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
System Function ◽  
Distortion Product

Purpose The effects of neurological diseases on the auditory system have been a notable issue for investigators because the auditory pathway is closely associated with neural systems. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the efferent auditory system function and hearing quality in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to compare the findings with age-matched individuals without PD to present a perspective on aging. Method The study included 35 individuals with PD (mean age of 48.50 ± 8.00 years) and 35 normal-hearing peers (mean age of 49 ± 10 years). The following tests were administered for all participants: the first section of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale; pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, and acoustic reflexes; and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and contralateral suppression of DPOAEs. SPSS Version 25 was used for statistical analyses, and values of p < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the pure-tone audiometry thresholds and DPOAE responses between the individuals with PD and their normal-hearing peers ( p = .732). However, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in suppression levels of DPOAEs and hearing quality ( p < .05). In addition, a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the amount of suppression at some frequencies and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores. Conclusions This study indicates that medial olivocochlear efferent system function and the hearing quality of individuals with PD were affected adversely due to the results of PD pathophysiology on the hearing system. For optimal intervention and follow-up, tasks related to hearing quality in daily life can also be added to therapies for PD.

The Evolution of the Auditory System: A Tutorial

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (Spring) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hester
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
System A
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