Acoustic responses of Baleen whales to low‐frequency, man‐made sounds

1999 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 2279-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Clark ◽  
Peter L. Tyack ◽  
William T. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Acoustic Responses

Prediction of High Frequency Sonic Boom Noise Transmission Into Buildings Using a Hybrid Analytical-Ray Tracing Approach

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Corcoran ◽  
Marcel C. Remillieux ◽  
Ricardo A. Burdisso
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sonic Boom ◽  
Acoustic Transmission ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Sonic Booms ◽  
Acoustic Responses

As part of the effort to renew commercial supersonic flight, a predictive numerical tool to compute sonic boom transmission into buildings is under development. Due to the computational limitations of typical numerical methods used at low frequencies (e.g. Finite Element Method), it is necessary to develop a separate approach for the calculation of acoustic transmission and interior radiation at high frequencies. The high frequency approach can then later be combined with a low frequency method to obtain full frequency vibro-acoustic responses of buildings. An analytical method used for the computation of high frequency acoustic transmission through typical building partitions is presented in this paper. Each partition is taken in isolation and assumed to be infinite in dimension. Using the fact that a sonic boom generated far from the structure will approximate plane wave incidence, efficient analytical solutions for the vibration and acoustic radiation of different types of partitions are developed. This is linked to a commercial ray tracing code to compute the high frequency interior acoustic response and for auralization of transmitted sonic booms. Acoustic and vibration results of this high frequency tool are compared to experimental data for a few example cases demonstrating its efficiency and accuracy.

scholarly journals Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1737) ◽  
pp. 2363-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind M. Rolland ◽  
Susan E. Parks ◽  
Kathleen E. Hunt ◽  
Manuel Castellote ◽  
Peter J. Corkeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Right Whale ◽  
Right Whales ◽  
North Atlantic Right Whales ◽  
Shipping Traffic

Baleen whales ( Mysticeti ) communicate using low-frequency acoustic signals. These long-wavelength sounds can be detected over hundreds of kilometres, potentially allowing contact over large distances. Low-frequency noise from large ships (20–200 Hz) overlaps acoustic signals used by baleen whales, and increased levels of underwater noise have been documented in areas with high shipping traffic. Reported responses of whales to increased noise include: habitat displacement, behavioural changes and alterations in the intensity, frequency and intervals of calls. However, it has been unclear whether exposure to noise results in physiological responses that may lead to significant consequences for individuals or populations. Here, we show that reduced ship traffic in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, following the events of 11 September 2001, resulted in a 6 dB decrease in underwater noise with a significant reduction below 150 Hz. This noise reduction was associated with decreased baseline levels of stress-related faecal hormone metabolites (glucocorticoids) in North Atlantic right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ). This is the first evidence that exposure to low-frequency ship noise may be associated with chronic stress in whales, and has implications for all baleen whales in heavy ship traffic areas, and for recovery of this endangered right whale population.

Computational Fluid Dynamics and Numerical Acoustic Response for Ship Accommodation Areas due to Propeller Excitation, towards a Human Factors Recommendations

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 406-411
Author(s):  
Hany Abdelkhalek ◽  
Duan Feng Han ◽  
Liang Tian Gao ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Exciting Forces ◽  
Unsteady Simulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Acoustic Responses

In order to achieve the acoustic comfort design for ship accommodation areas, This paper introduces the noise prediction of ship’s superstructure cabins based on boundary element method (BEM). The study investigates the ship acoustic responses due to fluctuating forces induced as a result of interaction between a 4-bladed propeller and Bulk Carrier ship 35,000DWT at full scale. The mathematical models for the ship and the propeller have been built and validated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), then unsteady simulation done to obtain the transient responses of the propeller excitations. Finally, the acoustic responses of ship super structure under propeller excitations are predicted using BEM in time domain. This work shows a numerical method enable to measure the structural and acoustic responses of the ship at propeller rotating speeds. In addition, at the structural resonating modes of the propeller and the ship. As the propulsion system is the main source of the ship exciting forces thereby nowadays prediction of the ship low frequency noise due to propulsion system becomes important to naval designer for designing a comfort accommodation areas for the crew onboard the ship.

scholarly journals Low-frequency hearing preceded the evolution of giant body size and filter feeding in baleen whales

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1848) ◽  
pp. 20162528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Park ◽  
Alistair R. Evans ◽  
Stephen J. Gallagher ◽  
Erich M. G. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Range Estimation ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Usa

Living baleen whales (mysticetes) produce and hear the lowest-frequency (infrasonic) sounds among mammals. There is currently debate over whether the ancestor of crown cetaceans (Neoceti) was able to detect low frequencies. However, the lack of information on the most archaic fossil mysticetes has prevented us from determining the earliest evolution of their extreme acoustic biology. Here, we report the first anatomical analyses and frequency range estimation of the inner ear in Oligocene (34–23 Ma) fossils of archaic toothed mysticetes from Australia and the USA. The cochlear anatomy of these small fossil mysticetes resembles basilosaurid archaeocetes, but is also similar to that of today's baleen whales, indicating that even the earliest mysticetes detected low-frequency sounds, and lacked ultrasonic hearing and echolocation. This suggests that, in contrast to recent research, the plesiomorphic hearing condition for Neoceti was low frequency, which was retained by toothed mysticetes, and the high-frequency hearing of odontocetes is derived. Therefore, the low-frequency hearing of baleen whales has remained relatively unchanged over the last approximately 34 Myr, being present before the evolution of other signature mysticete traits, including filter feeding, baleen and giant body size.

scholarly journals Analysis of manifestation of joint acoustic and electric responses of near-surface sedimentary rocks on the deformation by earthquake seismic waves in the South of Kamchatka

2021 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mishchenko ◽  
Oleg Rulenko ◽  
Yuriy Marapulets
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Energy Class ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Acoustic Response ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation ◽  
Acoustic Responses

We continue the investigation of earlier discovered joint acoustic and electric responses of near-surface sedimentary rocks on the deformation by earthquake seismic waves. The appearance and absence of this response in earthquakes with the energy class of more than 11.0, which occurred from June 2017 to May 2021 by the eastern coast of Kamchatka in the latitude band of 51.7-54.0° N, are under consideration. From those earthquakes we selected 52 events, the seismic waves of which had rock acoustic response at Karymshina site, IKIR FEB RAS. Occurrences of joint acoustic and electric responses of rocks and manifestations of their low-frequency and high-frequency acoustic responses were analyzed. Applying the nonparametric correlation Spearman analysis, statistically significant relation between the energy class of the earthquakes under consideration and the distance from hypocenter to the observation site was discovered.

scholarly journals Positive Selection and Inactivation in the Vision and Hearing Genes of Cetaceans

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2069-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R McGowen ◽  
Georgia Tsagkogeorga ◽  
Joseph Williamson ◽  
Phillip A Morin ◽  
and Stephen J Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Radical Transformation ◽  
Targeted Sequence Capture

Abstract The transition to an aquatic lifestyle in cetaceans (whales and dolphins) resulted in a radical transformation in their sensory systems. Toothed whales acquired specialized high-frequency hearing tied to the evolution of echolocation, whereas baleen whales evolved low-frequency hearing. More generally, all cetaceans show adaptations for hearing and seeing underwater. To determine the extent to which these phenotypic changes have been driven by molecular adaptation, we performed large-scale targeted sequence capture of 179 sensory genes across the Cetacea, incorporating up to 54 cetacean species from all major clades as well as their closest relatives, the hippopotamuses. We screened for positive selection in 167 loci related to vision and hearing and found that the diversification of cetaceans has been accompanied by pervasive molecular adaptations in both sets of genes, including several loci implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Despite these findings, however, we found no direct evidence of positive selection at the base of odontocetes coinciding with the origin of echolocation, as found in studies examining fewer taxa. By using contingency tables incorporating taxon- and gene-based controls, we show that, although numbers of positively selected hearing and nonsyndromic hearing loss genes are disproportionately high in cetaceans, counts of vision genes do not differ significantly from expected values. Alongside these adaptive changes, we find increased evidence of pseudogenization of genes involved in cone-mediated vision in mysticetes and deep-diving odontocetes.

A hybrid method for broadband vibroacoustic simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2812-2821
Author(s):  
Jared Miller ◽  
Scott D. Sommerfeldt ◽  
Jonathan D. Blotter ◽  
David C. Copley
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Energy Response ◽  
High Frequency Response ◽  
Modal Response ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Limited Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Responses ◽  
Vibrating Systems

Many methods for simulating acoustic responses of vibrating systems are only suitable for limited frequency ranges, providing either an accurate low frequency or high frequency response. A hybrid method is presented to combine a low frequency modal response and a high frequency statistical energy response to obtain a unified broadband response. The method is designed to produce an auralizable response. An experimental setup is used to validate the method. Listening tests are conducted to assess the realism of the auralizations compared to measurements. The listening tests confirm that the method is able to produce realistic auralizations, subject to a few limitations.

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