Performance of SVM technique for DoA Estimation in 5G mm-Wave band

Applying Machine Learning algorithms in wireless communication has shown increasing interest due to the increase of demand on capacity, the increase of the number of users, and equipment sharing the limited frequency spectrum resources. Also, the need for a reduction in power consumption at base stations and the optimization of radio coverage make ML an attractive and promising technique. In this paper, we investigate the usage of Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique for Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation in the millimeter-wave band. The objective is to predict the location of a user in a given area by analyzing the received signals at an array of antennas, using an SVM-based model. The first phase of this technique consists of the training phase that aims to identify the characteristics of each class, and that is based on a set of training samples. The second phase consists of testing the trained model using a set of samples/users. We have carried out a set of simulations based on the developed model. The results are promising in terms of the accuracy of determining the DoA, taking into consideration a channel with noise and multipath.

Register impacts perceptual consonance through roughness and sharpness

The perception of consonance and dissonance in intervals and chords is influenced by psychoacoustic and cultural factors. Past research has provided conflicting observations about the role of frequency in assessing musical consonance that may stem from comparisons of limited frequency bands without much theorizing or modeling. Here we examine the effect of register on perceptual consonance of chords. Based on two acoustic principles, we predict a decrease in consonance at low frequencies (roughness) and a decrease of consonance at high frequencies (sharpness). Due to these two separate principles, we hypothesize that frequency will have a curvilinear impact on consonance. A selection of tetrads varying in consonance were presented in seven registers spanning 30 to 2600 Hz. Fifty-five participants rated the stimuli in an online experiment. The effect of register on consonance ratings was clear and largely according to the predictions; The low registers impacted consonance negatively and the highest two registers also received significantly lower consonance ratings than the middle registers. The impact of register on consonance could be accurately described with a cubic relationship. Overall, the influence of roughness was more pronounced on consonance ratings than sharpness. Together, these findings clarify previous empirical efforts to model the effect of frequency on consonance through basic acoustic principles. They further suggest that a credible account of consonance and dissonance in music needs to incorporate register.

TNFR2 Antagonist and Agonist: A Potential Therapeutics in Cancer Immunotherapy

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 or TNFR2 is considered as an appealing target protein due its limited frequency to Tregs which are highly immunosuppressive and its presence on human malignancies. Numerous studies have revealed that TNFR2 is primarily found on MDSCs (myeloid derived suppressor cells) and CD+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Tregs). It has a great importance in the proliferation and functional activity of Tregs and MDSCs. To treat malignancies and diseases like autoimmune disorder, the suppressor activity of TNFR2 must be eliminated by downregulation or upregulation. Therefore, at the molecular level, advances in comprehension of TNFR2's complex structure and its binding to TNF have opened the door to structure-guided drug development. Two key obstacles of cancer treatment are the dearth of Treg-specific inhibitors and the lack of widely applicable ways to directly target tumors via frequently expressed surface oncogenes. Many researchers have discovered potential antagonist and agonist of TNFR2 which were successful in the inhibition of Tregs proliferation, reduction of soluble TNFR2 secretion from normal cells and in the expansion of T effector cells. The representation of the data in the following review article elucidates the clinically administrated TNFR2 antagonist and agonist in the treatment of cancers.

Analisa Teknis Penetapan Kanal Frekuensi Radio Untuk Lembaga Penyiaran Radio Komunitas Wilayah Kabupaten Batang

The radio frequency spectrum constitutes a limited and strategic natural resource with high economic value, so it must be managed effectively and efficiently to obtain optimal benefits by observing national and international legal principles. Radio Community Broadcasting Institution uses limited frequency allocation in three channels, namely, in the frequency channels 202 (107.7 MHz), 203 (107.8 MHz), and 204 (107.9 MHz), with limited transmit power and area coverage. The problem in this research is the frequency overlap with other community radios in an area. The issue raised is whether it is possible to establish a new community radio in the Batang Regency area by paying attention to existing radios that have licenses in districts/cities that are in the area directly adjacent to Batang Regency by considering the limited allocation of radio frequency channels community, without the occurrence of radio frequency interference with other community radios. The purpose of this research is to solve these problems. It is necessary to have a policy in determining radio frequency users to get good quality radio broadcast reception. The method used is to analyze the frequency determination technique based on the interference analysis on other community broadcasters. By using the Radio Mobile Software for frequency repetition simulation, in this research, the results show that Batang FM Community Radio does not allow to get frequency channels for community radio operations. After all, it interferes with the Service Area of ​​Soneta FM Radio in Pekalongan City because it does not meet the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Nuisance Field (NF) value of 109.7 dB is greater than the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) of 66 dB. In comparison, Limpung FM Radio gets radio frequency on channel 203 (frequency 107.8 MHz) because it meets the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) 66 dB greater than the Nuisance Field (NF) of 55.7 dB.

Comparative study of efficiency and characteristics of FMT and DRT installed in human cadavers for round-window stimulation

Acoustic hearing aids generate amplified sound in the ear canal, and they are the standard of care for patients with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. However, because of their limited frequency bandwidth, gain, and feedback, there is substantial room for improvement. Active middle ear implants, which directly vibrate the middle ear and cochlea, are an alternative approach to conventional acoustic hearing aids. They provide an opportunity to improve sound quality and speech understanding with amplification rehabilitation. For floating-mass type and direct-rod type (DRT) middle ear transducers, a differential floating-mass transducer (DFMT) and a tri-coil bellows transducer (TCBT), respectively, were fabricated to measure the output characteristics in four human temporal bones. Both were fabricated to have similar output forces per unit input and were placed in four human temporal bones to measure their output performances. The TCBT resulted in higher output than did the DFMT throughout the audible frequency range, and the output was more prominent at lower frequency ranges. In this study, we showed that DRT was a more effective method for round window stimulation. Because of its frequency characteristics and vibration efficiency, this implantation method can be utilized as a driving solution for middle ear implants.

Resonant metamaterial designs for a broadband mitigation of flow-induced vibrations

Resonant metamaterials have recently emerged as lightweight and performant noise and vibration solutions for the hard-to-address low-frequency ranges. These engineered materials are made by an assembly of resonant elements onto a host structure. Their interaction leads to tuneable frequency ranges, known as stop bands, in which they can outperform classical noise control measures. However, these stop bands have a limited frequency range effect. To broaden the noise and vibration performance also outside the stop band, this paper presents a design approach for a finite resonant metamaterial plate. Two regularly spaced grids of resonant elements are both added to a plate. In the first grid, the resonant elements are tuned to the same nominal frequency and stop band behaviour is achieved. In the second grid, the tuned frequency of each resonant element is found through an optimisation procedure, with the goal of minimising the dynamic response of the plate outside the stop band. To speed up the optimisation, model order reduction and a dynamic sub-structuring method are employed. The performance of this finite resonant metamaterial plate design is validated by evaluating its vibration response due to a broadband grazing flow excitation and comparing it to a plate with equivalent mass additions.

A hybrid method for broadband vibroacoustic simulations

Many methods for simulating acoustic responses of vibrating systems are only suitable for limited frequency ranges, providing either an accurate low frequency or high frequency response. A hybrid method is presented to combine a low frequency modal response and a high frequency statistical energy response to obtain a unified broadband response. The method is designed to produce an auralizable response. An experimental setup is used to validate the method. Listening tests are conducted to assess the realism of the auralizations compared to measurements. The listening tests confirm that the method is able to produce realistic auralizations, subject to a few limitations.

Cooking Fuel Usage in Sub-Saharan Urban Households

This study models the frequency use of wood, charcoal, liquid gas, electricity, and kerosene in urban households in Ghana and supplements the literature on cooking fuel choices. The modeling is based on survey data collected in several major Ghanaian cities. Survey results indicate that charcoal and liquid gas are frequently used in meal preparation, while the frequency use of firewood, kerosene, and electricity is limited. Frequency use is estimated using the ordered probit technique. Five cooking fuel use equations identify income, socio-demographic characteristics, and location of urban residents as influencing the frequency use. Statistically significant effects measure probability changes in each of the four fuel categories. Income and education increase the probability of often or very often of using liquid gas or electricity to cook. The effect of being employed by the government is similar but less consistent. Age, household size, and marital status are linked to frequency use, but differently affect specific fuels. As the number of children or adults increases in a household, so does the probability of using firewood or charcoal, but this also increases the probability that such households never use liquid gas or electricity for cooking. Regional differences indicate Tamale residents heavily rely on wood and charcoal, and infrequently use liquid gas or electricity. Multiple cooking fuel use behavior may reflect risk aversion to fuel shortages. Increasing incomes and improving education will drive the probability of an increased use of cleaner cooking fuels and decreased use of fuel mixes, benefiting meal preparers’ health and the environment.

Numeric Low-Altitude Altimeter Modeling with Computation of Additional Modulation Frequencies Using a Genetic Algorithm

This study is concerned with the problem of increasing the accuracy of a low-altitude altimeter employing the frequency modulation principle. A way to suppress the “discrete error” of the altimeter by employing additional frequency modulation of the carrier wave and averaging the resulting counts is considered. The benefit of such approach is simplicity of technical implementation manifesting in minimal changes in the microwave path and the recording device, which needsto run in averaging count mode. This work presents a genetic algorithm for computing the array of additional modulation frequencies which can be used to reduce the mean square of the discrete error given a limited frequency band. Results of error calculations presented are obtained via mathematical modeling of the altimeter’s operation. It is shown that using additional modulation frequencies obtained by the genetic algorithm allows to reduce the average measurement error two times relatively to the linear modulation form without expanding the occupied frequency band.