Efficient characterization of individual differences in compression ratio preference

Drug addiction or substance-use disorder is a chronically relapsing disorder that progresses through binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation stages. These stages represent diverse neurobiological mechanisms that are differentially involved in the transition from recreational to compulsive drug use and from positive to negative reinforcement. The progression from recreational to compulsive substance use is associated with downregulation of the brain reward systems and upregulation of the brain stress systems. Individual differences in the neurobiological systems that underlie the processing of reward, incentive salience, habits, stress, pain, and executive function may explain (i) the vulnerability to substance-use disorder; (ii) the diversity of emotional, motivational, and cognitive profiles of individuals with substance-use disorders; and (iii) heterogeneous responses to cognitive and pharmacological treatments. Characterization of the neuropsychological mechanisms that underlie individual differences in addiction-like behaviors is the key to understanding the mechanisms of addiction and development of personalized pharmacotherapy.

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Characterization of n-butanol diesel blends on a small size variable compression ratio diesel engine: Modeling and experimental investigation

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 242-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Ashish Nayyar ◽

Dilip Sharma ◽

Shyam Lal Soni ◽

Alok Mathur

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Variable Compression Ratio ◽

Engine Modeling ◽

Size Variable ◽

Variable Compression

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Characterization of the Luminal and Mucosa-Associated Microbiome along the Gastrointestinal Tract: Results from Surgically Treated Preterm Infants and a Murine Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1030

Author(s):

Ingeborg Klymiuk ◽

Georg Singer ◽

Christoph Castellani ◽

Slave Trajanoski ◽

Beate Obermüller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Small Sample ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Microbial Composition

Environmental factors, including nutritional habits or birth mode, are known key determinants for intestinal microbial composition. Investigations of the intestinal microbiome in different species in a multiplicity of studies during recent decades have revealed differential microbial patterns and quantities along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Characterization of the microbial pattern in various aspects is a prerequisite for nutritional interventions. In this 16S rRNA amplicon-based approach, we present a characterization of the mucosa-associated microbiome in comparison with the luminal community of four infants at the time of the closure of ileostomies and perform a systematic characterization of the corresponding luminal and mucosal microbiome from jejunal, ileal and colonic regions, as well as collected feces in mice. The most dominant taxa in infant-derived samples altered due to individual differences, and in the mucosa, Enterococcus, Clostridiumsensustricto1, Veillonella, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most abundant. Two less abundant taxa differed significantly between the mucosa and lumen. In murine samples, relative abundances differed significantly, mainly between the intestinal regions. Significant differences between mouse mucosa- and lumen-derived samples could be found in the observed species with a trend to lower estimated diversity in mucosa-derived samples, as well as in the relative abundance of individual taxa. In this study, we examined the difference between the mucosal and luminal bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in a small sample cohort of preterm infants. Individual differences were characterized and statistical significance was reached in two taxa (Cupriavidus, Ralstonia). The corresponding study on the different murine intestinal regions along the GI tract showed differences all over the intestinal region.

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A characterization of individual differences in prospective memory monitoring using the Complex Ongoing Serial Task.

Journal of Experimental Psychology General ◽

10.1037/a0025753 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (2) ◽

pp. 337-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adam C. Savine ◽

Mark A. McDaniel ◽

Jill Talley Shelton ◽

Michael K. Scullin

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Serial Task ◽

Memory Monitoring

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Characters of Sart-Kalmyk Version of Epic “Dzhangar”

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2020-10-231-242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 231-242

Author(s):

B. Kh. Borlykova ◽

B. V. Menyaev

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Point Of View ◽

Epic Tradition ◽

Individual Family ◽

Field Notes ◽

First Time ◽

The Village ◽

External Characteristics

Based on the well-known work of E.S. Novik (2001), for the first time, the experience of describing the internal and external characteristics of the characters of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the “Dzhangar” epic from the point of view of their individual, family and class conditions is presented in this article. The material for the analysis was the unpublished texts of the epic “Dzhangar”, recorded in 1929 by A. V. Burdukov and in 1972 by A. Sh. Kichikov in the village of Chelpek in the Ak-Suu district of the Przhevalsk region of Kyrgyzstan. For comparison, the published songs of the Kalmyk and Xinjiang Oirat versions of the epic “Dzhangar”, Kalmyk heroic tales, as well as the authors’ personal field notes were used. As a result of the analysis of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the epic “Dzhangar”, the authors came to the conclusion that for the in-plot functioning of the characters, it is important not only what role they play, but also what internal and external characteristics they are endowed with, since they correspond to those actions in which real characters take part. The characterization of the characters, playing up in the plot of the epic, sets the form of collisions. It was revealed that the victory of the heroes of the epic “Dzhangar” is associated with the following characteristics of the character: “strong / weak” and “brave / cowardly”, “whole / dismembered”, etc. Comparative consideration of the characters of the epic “Dzhangar” showed that the epic heroes have both similarities and local individual differences. However, the main functions that they perform in one version or another are close, going back to the ancient all-Mongolian epic tradition.

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Opportunities for emotion and mental health research in the resource-rationality framework

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19001663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Evan M. Russek ◽

Rani Moran ◽

Daniel McNamee ◽

Andrea Reiter ◽

Yunzhe Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Health Research ◽

Cognitive Strategies ◽

Mental Health Research ◽

Normative Approach ◽

Target Article ◽

Answering Questions

Abstract We discuss opportunities in applying the resource-rationality framework toward answering questions in emotion and mental health research. These opportunities rely on characterization of individual differences in cognitive strategies; an endeavor that may be at odds with the normative approach outlined in the target article. We consider ways individual differences might enter the framework and the translational opportunities offered by each.

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