The Effect of Balance on the Determination of Peak Oxygen Consumption for Hearing and Nonhearing Female Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kathleen Ellis ◽  
Lynn A. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Exercise Equipment

This study compared balance and peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) among hearing, congenital nonhearing, and acquired nonhearing female intercollegiate athletes. Twenty-seven subjects completed two measures of peak VO2 and two measures of balance (static and dynamic). Two pieces of exercise equipment requiring different levels of balance were used: the bicycle ergometer (minimal balance) and the bench-step (maximal balance). Significant differences were found for dynamic balance and for peak VO2 for all subject groups. The significant difference remained among the groups for peak VO2 using the bicycle ergometer when dynamic balance was used as a covariate. There was no significant difference for peak VO2 dependent on type of test when dynamic balance was controlled. The results indicated that dynamic balance affected peak VO2 performance on the bench-step, but not on the bicycle ergometer. These findings suggest that if dynamic balance is required for an assessment of peak VO2, balance should be tested in nonhearing populations.

Nighttime feeding likely alters morning metabolism but not exercise performance in female athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ormsbee ◽  
Katherine A. Gorman ◽  
Elizabeth A. Miller ◽  
Daniel A. Baur ◽  
Lisa A. Eckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Running Performance

The timing of morning endurance competition may limit proper pre-race fueling and resulting performance. A nighttime, pre-sleep nutritional strategy could be an alternative method to target the metabolic and hydrating needs of the early morning athlete without compromising sleep or gastrointestinal comfort during exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of pre-sleep chocolate milk (CM) ingestion on next-morning running performance, metabolism, and hydration status. Twelve competitive female runners and triathletes (age, 30 ± 7 years; peak oxygen consumption, 53 ± 4 mL·kg−1·min−1) randomly ingested either pre-sleep CM or non-nutritive placebo (PL) ∼30 min before sleep and 7–9 h before a morning exercise trial. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was assessed prior to exercise. The exercise trial included a warm-up, three 5-min incremental workloads at 55%, 65%, and 75% peak oxygen consumption, and a 10-km treadmill time trial (TT). Physiological responses were assessed prior, during (incremental and TT), and postexercise. Paired t tests and magnitude-based inferences were used to determine treatment differences. TT performances were not different (“most likely trivial” improvement with CM) between conditions (PL: 52.8 ± 8.4 min vs CM: 52.8 ± 8.0 min). RMR was “likely” increased (4.8%) and total carbohydrate oxidation (g·min−1) during exercise was “possibly” or likely increased (18.8%, 10.1%, 9.1% for stage 1–3, respectively) with CM versus PL. There were no consistent changes to hydration indices. In conclusion, pre-sleep CM may alter next-morning resting and exercise metabolism to favor carbohydrate oxidation, but effects did not translate to 10-km running performance improvements.

scholarly journals Associations between Multimodal Fitness Assessments and Rowing Ergometer Performance in Collegiate Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Clifton J. Holmes ◽  
Bjoern Hornikel ◽  
Katherine Sullivan ◽  
Michael V. Fedewa
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Maximum Test ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Collegiate Female Athletes

The purpose was to examine the association of critical power from a three-minute all-out row (CP3-min) and peak power from a one-stroke maximum test (1-Stroke) with laboratory-based fitness assessments (peak oxygen consumption [V.O2peak] and Wingate anaerobic test [WAnT]) and 6000 m (6K) and 2000 m (2K) rowing ergometer performance. Thirty-one female collegiate rowers (20.2 ± 1.1 years, 70.9 ± 6.9 kg, and 172.2 ± 4.8 cm) participated in fitness and rowing performance testing. Pearson’s correlations, linear regression, and Cohen’s q were used to determine statistical relationships. Absolute V.O2peak values displayed significant correlations with 6Ktotal (−0.68), 6Ksplit (−0.68), 2Ktotal (−0.64), and 2Ksplit (−0.43). Relative V.O2peak displayed significant correlations with 6Ktotal (−0.36), and 6Ksplit (−0.37). CP3-min demonstrated significant correlations with 6Ktotal (−0.62), 6Ksplit (−0.62), 2Ktotal (−0.61), and 2Ksplit (−0.99). For 2Ksplit, a significant difference was observed between relative V.O2peak and CP3-min correlations with a “large” effect size (q = 2.367). Furthermore, 1-Stroke showed significant associations with 6Ktotal (−0.63), 6Ksplit (−0.63), 2Ktotal (−0.62), and 2Ksplit (−0.44), while WAnT produced non-significant correlations. Absolute V.O2peak CP3-min accounted for significant proportions of variance observed with performance measures (p < 0.05). Practitioners should consider incorporating CP3-min and 1-Stroke as additional tests for gauging rowing performance.

Metabolic and neuromuscular responses at critical power from the 3-min all-out test

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley C. Bergstrom ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Jorge M. Zuniga ◽  
Daniel A. Traylor ◽  
Robert W. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Power Frequency ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Production Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neuromuscular Responses

The purpose of this study was to determine the specific metabolic and neuromuscular responses at critical power (CP) from the 3-min all-out test. Nine men (mean ± SD: aged 23.7 ± 3.3 years) performed an incremental test for the determination of peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and gas exchange threshold. CP was estimated for each subject from the 3-min all-out test. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2), the ventilation versus carbon dioxide production ratio (V̇E/V̇CO2 ratio), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, and EMG mean power frequency (MPF) were examined during exhaustive rides at CP for each subject. There was no significant difference between the V̇O2 at exhaustion (40.6 ± 7.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) and V̇O2peak (42.9 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1). Furthermore, there were significant increases in EMG amplitude and the V̇E/V̇CO2 ratio during the exhaustive rides at CP. There was, however, no significant change in EMG MPF over time. Therefore, the current findings indicated that the 3-min all-out test overestimated CP and the demarcation between the heavy- and severe-intensity domains. Specifically, the V̇O2, ventilatory, and EMG amplitude responses were consistent with those observed during continuous exercise in the severe exercise intensity domain. It is likely that the ventilatory and EMG amplitude responses were associated with a common mechanism of fatigue that is different from what affects EMG MPF.

On the determination of the dorso-ventral polarity in Xenopus laevis embryos

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-895
Author(s):  
Ulf Landström ◽  
Søren Løvtrup
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos

1. When embryos, or dorsal or ventral half-embryos, of Xenopus laevis are subjected to unilateral restriction of oxygen supply, the posterior end will always appear at the aerobic side, while the development of the anterior end, oriented towards the anaerobic side, will be partly suppressed. The shorter the time treatment lasts, the more normal the development will be. 2. When the restriction of oxygen effects an inversion of the dorso-ventral polarity, development is retarded, otherwise not. 3. Measurements of oxygen consumption show a substantial reduction in the experimental embryos, as compared with normal ones. The change in oxygen consumption in inverted embryos is delayed relative to non-inverted ones, but there is no significant difference in the total consumption of oxygen. 4. Our results support the idea that the dorso-ventral polarity is associated with a gradient in oxygen consumption, and various kinds of evidence suggest that oxygen consumption is, in part, required for the formation of Ruffini's flask-cells, responsible for the initiation of invagination. 5. It is suggested that the basic mechanisms involved in the determination of the normal, and the inverted, dorso-ventral polarity are fundamentally different, the latter being in fact an induction of a new polarity.

The Effect Of Exercise And Oral Contraceptive Agents On Hemostatic And Fibrinolytic Mechanisms In Trained Athletes

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
I A Huisveld ◽  
J E H Hospers ◽  
B N Bouma ◽  
J L Zevenbergen ◽  
M J E Bernink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Peptide Substrates ◽  
Contraceptive Agents ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Monospecific Antisera

Exercise increases hemostatic and fibrinolytic activity in humans. The same has been reported for oral contraceptive agents (OCA). We studied the combined effects of strenuous exercise and OCA in twenty highly trained female athletes. Ten of the subjects had been using the pill (30 meg ethinylestradiol) for more than a year (users). The other ten females not using OCA served as a control (non users). All subjects were exercised to exhaustion which was attained within 10-16 min. by means of an increasing workload test on a bicycle ergometer. Tests were performed during morning hours and only in the first half of the therapeutic or menstrual cycle. Hemostatic and fibrinolytic components were determined in pre and postexercise plasma samples. Changes in plasma volume that occurred with exercise were calculated and postexercise results were corrected for these changes. Procoagulant activity of Factors XII, XI and VII were determined using partial thromboplastin time assays. HMWK, α2-macroglobulin and Ci-INH were quantified by an immunodiffusion technique using monospecific antisera. Synthetic chromogenic peptide substrates were used for the determination of plasminogen, prekallikrein,α2 antiplasmin and AT III amidolytic activities. Comparison or resting values showed an increase in F XII and plasminogen concurrent with a decrease in Cl-INH level in the group of users. The combination of exercise and OCA induced a decrease of all plasma components except F VII in the users. Postexercise decreases in F XII, HMWK, prekallikrein and they two inhibitors α2-macroglobulin and α2-antiplasmin were seen in the non users. Results indicate that hemostatic and fibrinolytic changes due to strenuous exercise are potentiated by OCA in trained females. The relevance of corrections for changes in plasma volume is demonstrated.

BICYCLE ERGOMETER STUDIES IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Cumming ◽  
R. Danzinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Pulse Ratio ◽  
Rate Method

The working capacities of children tested on a bicycle ergometer in the spring and again in the fall showed no significant differences. The pulse rate method of determining working capacity in children has been validated by additional oxygen consumption studies. Oxygen consumption is proportional to the work load even with pulse rates from 170 to 215 beats per minute. The physical working capacity as determined by the pulse rate method shows a direct relationship to maximal oxygen consumption or oxygen pulse ratio. The determination of oxygen consumption would appear to offer no particular advantages, and physical working capacity of children may be determined with confidence by simply determining the pulse rate at known work loads. The working capacity of those in poor condition may be slightly underestimated when pulse rate methods are used.

scholarly journals Predicting peak oxygen uptake from submaximal exercise after spinal cord injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Jason S. Au ◽  
Adrienne T. Hol ◽  
Janice J. Eng ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Arm Ergometry

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the 6-min arm ergometry test (6MAT) in predicting peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Fifty-two individuals with chronic SCI (age, 38 ± 10 years; American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), A-D; neurological level of injury (NLI), C1-L2; years post-injury (YPI), 13 ± 10 years) completed an incremental arm ergometry V̇O2peak test and a submaximal 6MAT. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2) data from both tests were used to create a predictive equation with regression analysis. Subsequently, a cross-validation group comprising an additional 10 individuals with SCI (age, 39 ± 13 years; AIS, A-D; NLI, C3-L3; YPI, 9 ± 9 years) were used to determine the predictive power of the equation. All participants were able to complete both the V̇O2peak and 6MAT assessments. Regression analysis yielded the following equation to predict V̇O2peak from end-stage 6MAT V̇O2: V̇O2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1) = 1.501(6MAT V̇O2) – 0.940. Correlation between measured and predicted V̇O2peak was excellent (r = 0.89). No significant difference was found between measured (17.41 ± 7.44 mL·kg−1·min−1) and predicted (17.42 ± 6.61 mL·kg−1·min−1) V̇O2peak (p = 0.97). When cross-validated with a sample of 10 individuals with SCI, correlation between measured and predicted V̇O2peak remained high (r = 0.89), with no differences between measured (18.81 ± 8.35 mL·kg−1·min−1) and predicted (18.73 ± 7.27 mL·kg−1·min−1) V̇O2peak (p = 0.75). Results suggest that 6MAT V̇O2 can be used to predict V̇O2peak among individuals with chronic SCI. The 6MAT should be used as a clinical tool for assessing aerobic capacity when peak exercise testing is not feasible.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

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