Research on Simulation System of Rubber Particle Mat Based on Web Technology

The current design of rubber granular floor mats is limited to a single fixed plane sample drawing, and it consumes a lot of time, manpower and material resources in obtaining customer design requirements. In response to this situation, the use of Web development technology to realize the free combination of particles in proportion, generate simulation application scenarios, provide interface operations, and finally complete the order process. By constructing a particle probability distribution model, establishing a particle position coordinate matrix, and developing a particle mat simulation system, based on the sample quality of the sampled data, it is compared with the real artificial mechanical product. Finally, by mixing and matching 9 different color values according to the industrial production ratio, randomly combining 10 groups and comparing with the real products of the same color ratio, quantifying the color difference, contrast, and particle position offset to obtain the production simulation floor mat sample and the actual product. The finished product is quite close. The system generates simulated particle mat maps and real sample maps with a high degree of simulation, and provides an interface that allows users to directly match the particle combination program that suits their needs, saving labor cycles and improving work efficiency.

Defensive Impact of Co Q10 in Japanese Quail Males Raised Under Oxidative Stress Conditions

This study was investigated the protective role of (CoQ10) on reproductive dysfunction of males quail induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Forty Japanese quail male 45 days old were randomly allotted into four groups with ten replicate one per each , and treated for 28 days as follows : (G1): the first control group (G2): reserved standard ratio and (1%) H2O2 in drinking water. (G3): reserved production ratio + (100 mg Co Q10/kg diet) and (1%) H2O2 in drinking water. (G4): reserved production ratio + (100 mg Co Q10/kg diet) and normal water. The results showed that exposure of birds to H2O2 caused decrease in serum glutathione level (GSH), testosterone, luteinizing hormones (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) hormones and this reflects on histology of testis by reducing seminiferous tubules diameter , area of germinal layer and germinal layer thickness. Whereas supplement of CoQ10 caused an increase the concentrations of theses, hormones in-group G4 as compared with group G2. It can noted that an addition was able to restore the oxidative stress birds (G3) to a state close to the natural state (G1). Though testicular histological modifications were made strides in grown-up Japanese quail male treated with CoQ10. In conclusion, the comes about of the display think about appeared that utilize of Co Q10 can easing the pernicious impacts on male regenerative work takingafter introduction toH2O, maybe through enhancement the antioxidant parameters or testicular capacities or other related endocrine organs.

Citrulline deiminase pathway provides ATP and boosts growth of Clostridium carboxidivorans P7

Background Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 is capable of producing ethanol and butanol from inexpensive and non-food feedstock, such as syngas. Achieving improved ethanol and butanol production in the strain for industrial application depends on the energetics and biomass, especially ATP availability. Results This study found that exogenous addition of citrulline promoted accumulation of ATP, increased specific growth rate, and reduced the doubling time of C. carboxidivorans P7. In heterotrophic fermentation experiments, the addition of citrulline increased intracellular ATP by 3.39-fold, significantly enhancing the production of total alcohol (ethanol + butanol) by 20%. Moreover, in the syngas fermentation experiments, the addition of citrulline improved the level of intracellular ATP and the biomass by 80.5% and 31.6%, respectively, resulting in an 18.6% and 60.3% increase in ethanol and the alcohol/acid production ratio, respectively. Conclusions This is the first report that citrulline could promote the growth of C. carboxidivorans P7 and increase the level of intracellular ATP, which is of great significance for the use of C. carboxidivorans P7 to synthesize biofuels.

Experimental Study on Enhanced Condensate Recovery by Gas Injection in Yaha Condensate Gas Reservoir

A condensate gas reservoir is an important special oil and gas reservoir between oil reservoir and natural gas reservoir. Gas injection production is the most commonly used development method for this type of gas reservoir, but serious retrograde condensation usually occurs in the later stages of development. To improve the recovery efficiency of condensate oil in the middle and late stages of production of a condensate gas reservoir, a gas injection parameter optimization test study was carried out, taking the Yaha gas condensate reservoir in China as an example. On the premise that the physical experimental model and key parameters met the actual conditions of the formation, the injection method, injection medium, injection-production ratio, and other parameters of the condensate gas reservoir were studied. Research on the injection method showed that the top injection method had a lower gas-oil ratio and higher condensate oil recovery. The study of injection medium showed that the production effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) injection was the best injection medium, and the maximum recovery rate of condensate oil was 95.11%. The injection-production ratio study showed that the injection-production ratio was approximately inversely proportional to the recovery factor of condensate gas and approximately proportional to the recovery factor of condensate oil. When the injection-production ratio was 1 : 1, the maximum recovery rate of condensate oil was 83.31%. In summary, in the later stage of gas injection development of the Yaha condensate gas reservoir, it was recommended to choose the development plan of CO2 injection at the top position with an injection-production ratio of 1 : 1. This research can not only provide guidance for the later formulation of gas injection plans for Yaha condensate gas reservoirs but also lay a foundation for the research of gas injection migration characteristics of other condensate gas reservoirs.

The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance

Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.

Empirical Evidence for Latitude and Altitude Variation of the In Situ Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be Production Ratio

We assess if variations in the in situ cosmogenic 26Al/10Be production ratio expected from nuclear physics are consistent with empirical data, knowledge critical for two-isotope studies. We do this using 313 samples from glacially transported boulders or scoured bedrock with presumed simple exposure histories in the Informal Cosmogenic-nuclide Exposure-age Database (ICE-D) from latitudes between 53°S to 70°N and altitudes up to 5000 m above sea level. Although there were small systematic differences in Al/Be ratios measured in different laboratories, these were not significant and are in part explained by differences in elevation distribution of samples analyzed by each laboratory. We observe a negative correlation between the 26Al/10Be production ratio and elevation (p = 0.0005), consistent with predictions based on the measured energy dependence of nuclear reaction cross-sections and the spatial variability in cosmic-ray energy spectra. We detect an increase in the production ratio with increasing latitude, but this correlation is significant only in a single variate model, and we attribute at least some of the correlation to sample elevation bias because lower latitude samples are typically from higher elevations (and vice versa). Using 6.75 as the 26Al/10Be production ratio globally will bias two-isotope results at higher elevations and perhaps higher latitudes. Data reported here support using production rate scaling that incorporates such ratio changes, such as the LSDn scheme, to minimize such biases.

The Experience of Drilling TAML-3 Well with Mutistage Fracturing on the Low Permeability Deposits of the West Siberia

This article deals with the issues related to development of petroleum resources of Western Siberia and looks at one of the most promising development targets – reservoirs of the Achimov Formation. In particular, it discusses geological features of the Achimov rocks, and the difficulties faced by oil companies in development of the Achimov reservoirs due to their low economic viability if traditional approaches to well construction are applied. To make development of such reservoirs economical, new and non-trivial solutions need to be looked for. One of the most promising of them is considered to be multi-hole wells the construction of which allows oil companies to improve the Capex to cumulative production ratio. At the pre-FEED stage the project, geological, hydrodynamic and geomechanical models of the reservoir were built, the most efficient borehole parameters and trajectories were defined, and the optimal hydraulic frac design, number of stages and parameters were selected. The article describes specifics of the work carried out when preparing for pilot tests of the technology, such as:requirements for defining the well profile and selecting the optimal lifting capacity of the drilling rig,selection of a suitable complexity level for the double-hole well design among those considered which meets the drilling requirements,performance of bench tests to confirm operability of the TAML-3 equipment. Further, the article describes results of drilling, completing and commissioning the first double-hole well at the Vyngayakhskoye field, discusses the issues faced when using the completion equipment at the TAML-3 level, and the lessons learned from this project. It also presents results of putting the double-hole well on-stream and compares its production characteristics with those of single-hole horizontal wells drilled within the same well cluster. The experience gained has shown that building the discussed type of wells is technically feasible, and there is a wide potential for improving efficiency of this work through respective organizational and technical measures. The conclusion to this article describes Gazprom Neft long-term plans to build several new wells of this design, and the technology development options such as increasing the length of horizontal segments for both holes and using high-rate multi-stage hydraulic fracturing.

Study on the Key Influential Factors on Water Huff-n-Puff in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoir

Ultralow-permeability reservoirs are difficult to effectively develop using conventional technologies, so it generally produces using horizontal wells’ volume fracturing. Besides, oil wells also face the problems of short stable or no production period, rapid decline rate, and extremely low development degree. Water huff-n-puff of oil recovery technology is a quality and efficiency technology to improve the development effect of an ultralow-permeability reservoir. A systematic study on the related key influential factors of water huff-n-puff is done for improving the development effect of ultralow-permeability reservoirs. This manuscript studied the key influential factors of water huff-n-puff and related improving recovery methods using physical simulation experiments to put forward a beneficial condition for water huff-n-puff, combining with the field practice. The results show that imbibition and energy supplement are main mechanisms of water huff-n-puff; imbibition oil recovery is influenced by rock wettability, permeability, boundary condition, fracture length, water injection speed, and imbibition solution type; the stronger the water-wet reservoir rock is, the bigger the core permeability is, the longer the fracture length is, the larger the contacting area between imbibition solution and rock is, the stronger the ability of imbibition solution to change wettability, and to reduce the interfacial tension force between oil and water is, the better effect of water huff-n-puff is. So far, the field practice of water huff-n-puff has been conducted in 38 wells; the success rate can reach 92.1%, cycle oil increment of single well can reach 972 t, and accumulated oil in evaluation period can reach 36936 t, which further proves that water huff-n-puff can achieve a good effect. The effective methods to improve the development effect of an ultralow-permeability reservoir are changing reservoir physical property and supplying reservoir energy. Higher reservoir energy is good for oil flow, and better physical property can improve the displacement effect and imbibition function of injection solution. Artificial fracturing, higher injection-production ratio, and pretreatment of temporary stoppage fracturing are good methods to improve the development effect of water huff-puff.