Issues in the Classification of Motor Disorders

The detrimental effects of labeling persons as disabled is well known to special educators, many of whom have advocated doing away with labels altogether. However, as a fundamental of science, classification is extremely important. The problem may not be the labeling process per se but one of societal attitudes. Labels are both a product and provocation of attitudes. A review of the current classification systems pinpoints eight characteristics that are problematic in classifying motor disorders. Gibson’s (1977) theory of affordance offers one way of providing a more accurate and useful labeling system, and at the same time addressing, in part, the negative attitude problem. In an affordance approach, the label applies to the behavior as a product of the person/environment system rather than to the person alone, which is the traditional approach. The new classification system offered here, although not complete, differs from the traditional systems in several ways and is seen as useful to researchers and educators alike.

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Issues surrounding the classification of accounting information

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences ◽

10.4102/sajems.v12i3.224 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 353-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huibrecht Van der Poll ◽

Daan Gouws

Keyword(s):

Balance Sheet ◽

Accounting Information ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Classification Theory ◽

New Classification ◽

Second Nature ◽

Classification Framework ◽

Income Statement ◽

Current Classification

The act of classifying information created by accounting practices is ubiquitous in the accounting process; from recording to reporting, it has almost become second nature. The classification has to correspond to the requirements and demands of the changing environment in which it is practised. Evidence suggests that the current classification of items in financial statements is not keeping pace with the needs of users and the new financial constructs generated by the industry. This study addresses the issue of classification in two ways: by means of a critical analysis of classification theory and practices and by means of a questionnaire that was developed and sent to compilers and users of financial statements. A new classification framework for accounting information in the balance sheet and income statement is proposed.

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Classification of Secondary Shoulder Deformities in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1016/s0266-7681(02)00399-6 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 483-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. M. AL-QATTAN

Keyword(s):

Brachial Plexus ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽

New Classification ◽

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽

Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽

Birth Palsy

Shoulder deformities are the most frequent sequelae of birth palsy. In this paper, previous classification systems for secondary shoulder deformities are reviewed and a new classification is offered.

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Posttraumatic Lateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyle: A Proposed New Classification with Report of 14 Dislocated Condyles

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1677725 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tabishur Rahman ◽

Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi ◽

Syed Saeed Ahmed ◽

Sajjad Abdur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Clinical Experience ◽

Classification System ◽

Clinical Condition ◽

Mandibular Condyle ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Radiological Findings ◽

New Classification ◽

Lateral Dislocation

Lateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. Since the first description and classification of these dislocations given by Allen and Young, few classification systems have been proposed in literature with incorporation of different patterns of dislocations identified over the years. We share our clinical experience of nine cases of such dislocations with 14 dislocated condyles, and on the basis of clinical and radiological findings coupled with the review of existing classification systems, we propose a new classification system which includes all the possible patterns of such dislocations overcoming the major shortcomings of preexisting classification systems identified by the authors.

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Semiologic classification of psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES) based on video EEG analysis: Do we need new classification systems?

Seizure ◽

10.1016/j.seizure.2013.12.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 222-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Vaibhav Wadwekar ◽

Pradeep Pankajakshan Nair ◽

Aditya Murgai ◽

Sibi Thirunavukkarasu ◽

Harichandrakumar Kottyen Thazhath

Keyword(s):

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Eeg Analysis ◽

New Classification ◽

Video Eeg

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Late-onset ADHD: does it exist?

Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna ◽

10.15557/pipk.2021.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

Krystian Cholewa ◽

◽

Tomasz Sobów ◽

Keyword(s):

Young Adulthood ◽

Late Onset ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

International Classification Of Disease ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Current Classification ◽

Current Guidelines

According to current classification systems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cannot be diagnosed unless its symptoms have been present already in childhood. Recently, this view has begun to be challenged with the thesis that the disorder may have its onset later in life (adolescence or young adulthood). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria for ADHD are more liberal than those of the International Classification of Disease (ICD). Moreover, reports have begun to emerge demonstrating a different clinical picture in patients diagnosed with ADHD according to current guidelines and in a cohort with the onset in adulthood. The symptomatology of the disease in adults differs from that presented by children. Additionally, theories on the different etiopathogenesis of these entities have been advanced. These data have led to the proposal of distinguishing late-onset ADHD. There are also critical voices in the literature that question the possibility of developing ADHD symptoms in adulthood. Despite insufficient data and arguments to support the thesis of late-onset ADHD, there is a need for discussion and further exploration of the age at which ADHD may appear.

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External validation of a new classification of spinal lipomas based on embryonic stage

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2019.11.peds19575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven Tominey ◽

Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal ◽

Pasquale Gallo

Keyword(s):

External Validation ◽

Radical Resection ◽

Classification Systems ◽

New Classification ◽

Improve Patient Selection ◽

Patient Representatives ◽

Type 3

OBJECTIVEContention exists regarding appropriate classification and management of spinal lipomas (SLs). Given the heterogeneity of SLs, omissions and overlap between surgically incomparable groups exist in conventional classification systems. The new classification of spinal lipoma (NCSL) recently proposed by Morota et al. delineates morphology by embryological pathogenesis and the resultant operative difficulty. Here, the authors aimed to validate the NCSL by applying it to patients who had been operated on at their institution.METHODSAll children who had undergone resection for SL between 2014 and 2018 were included in this analysis. MRI studies were independently reviewed and classified by three adjudicators. Baseline characteristics, inter-adjudicator agreement, coexisting anomalies and/or malformations, and postoperative outcomes and complications were analyzed.RESULTSThirty-six patients underwent surgical untethering for SL: NCSL type 1 in 5 patients (14%), type 2 in 14 patients (39%), type 3 in 4 patients (11%), and type 4 in 13 patients (36%). All classification was agreed on first assignment by the adjudicators. Radical or near-radical resection, which was attempted in all patients, was always possible in those with type 1 and 4 SL, but never in those with type 2 and 3 SL. Neurological stabilization and/or improvement were observed in all patients at the last follow-up.CONCLUSIONSThe NCSL was found to be a logical and reproducible system to apply in this SL population. All cases were successfully classified with a high degree of inter-assessor agreement. Widespread establishment of a commonly adopted and clinically useful classification system will enable clinicians to improve patient selection as well as discussion with patient representatives during the decision-making process.

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Textiles for Circular Fashion: The Logic behind Recycling Options

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13179714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9714

Author(s):

Paulien Harmsen ◽

Michiel Scheffer ◽

Harriette Bos

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Technological Progress ◽

New Classification ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

Current Classification ◽

Consumer Perspective ◽

Definition Of ◽

Chemical Groups ◽

Further Development

For the textile industry to become sustainable, knowledge of the origin and production of resources is an important theme. It is expected that recycled feedstock will form a significant part of future resources to be used. Textile recycling (especially post-consumer waste) is still in its infancy and will be a major challenge in the coming years. Three fundamental problems hamper a better understanding of the developments on textile recycling: the current classification of textile fibres (natural or manufactured) does not support textile recycling, there is no standard definition of textile recycling technologies, and there is a lack of clear communication about the technological progress (by industry and brands) and benefits of textile recycling from a consumer perspective. This may hamper the much-needed further development of textile recycling. This paper presents a new fibre classification based on chemical groups and bonds that form the backbone of the polymers of which the fibres are made and that impart characteristic properties to the fibres. In addition, a new classification of textile recycling was designed based on the polymer structure of the fibres. These methods make it possible to unravel the logic and preferred recycling routes for different fibres, thereby facilitating communication on recycling. We concluded that there are good recycling options for mono-material streams within the cellulose, polyamide and polyester groups. For blended textiles, the perspective is promising for fibre blends within a single polymer group, while combinations of different polymers may pose problems in recycling.

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