Validation of a Maximal Incremental Skating Test Performed on a Slide Board: Comparison With Treadmill Skating

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Piucco ◽  
Fernando Diefenthaeler ◽  
Rogério Soares ◽  
Juan M. Murias ◽  
Guillaume Y. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

Purpose: To investigate the criterion validity of a maximal incremental skating test performed on a slide board (SB). Methods: Twelve subelite speed skaters performed a maximal skating test on a treadmill and on a SB. Gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal variables were determined. Results: Oxygen uptake () (31.0 ± 3.2 and 31.4 ± 4.1 mL·min−1·kg−1), percentage of maximal () (66.3 ± 4 and 67.7 ± 7.1%), HR (153 ± 14 and 150 ±12 bpm), and ventilation (59.8 ± 11.8 and 57.0 ± 10.7 L·min−1) at GET, and (42.5 ± 4.4 and 42.9 ± 4.8 mL·min−1·kg−1), percentage of (91.1 ± 3.3 and 92.4 ± 2.1%), heart rate (HR) (178 ± 9 and 178 ± 6 bpm), and ventilation (96.5 ± 19.2 and 92.1 ± 12.7 L·min−1) at RCP were not different between skating on a treadmill and on a SB. (46.7 ± 4.4 vs 46.4 ±6.1 mL·min−1·kg−1) and maximal HR (195 ± 6 vs 196 ± 10 bpm) were not significantly different and correlated (r = .80 and r = .87, respectively; P < .05) between the treadmill and SB. at GET, RCP, and obtained on a SB were correlated (r > .8) with athletes’ best times on 1500 m. Conclusions: The incremental skating test on a SB was capable to distinguish maximal ( and HR) and submaximal (, % , HR, and ventilation) parameters known to determine endurance performance. Therefore, the SB test can be considered as a specific and practical alternative to evaluate speed skaters.

Estimated times to exhaustion and power outputs at the gas exchange threshold, physical working capacity at the rating of perceived exertion threshold, and respiratory compensation point

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley C. Bergstrom ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Jorge M. Zuniga ◽  
Clayton L. Camic ◽  
Daniel A. Traylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

The purposes of this study were to compare the power outputs and estimated times to exhaustion (Tlim) at the gas exchange threshold (GET), physical working capacity at the rating of perceived exertion threshold (PWCRPE), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Three male and 5 female subjects (mean ± SD: age, 22.4 ± 2.8 years) performed an incremental test to exhaustion on an electronically braked cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen consumption rate, GET, and RCP. The PWCRPE was determined from ratings of perceived exertion data recorded during 3 continuous workbouts to exhaustion. The estimated Tlim values for each subject at GET, PWCRPE, and RCP were determined from power curve analyses (Tlim = axb). The results indicated that the PWCRPE (176 ± 55 W) was not significantly different from RCP (181 ± 54 W); however, GET (155 ± 42 W) was significantly less than PWCRPE and RCP. The estimated Tlim for the GET (26.1 ± 9.8 min) was significantly greater than PWCRPE (14.6 ± 5.6 min) and RCP (11.2 ± 3.1 min). The PWCRPE occurred at a mean power output that was 13.5% greater than the GET and, therefore, it is likely that the perception of effort is not driven by the same mechanism that underlies the GET (i.e., lactate buffering). Furthermore, the PWCRPE and RCP were not significantly different and, therefore, these thresholds may be associated with the same mechanisms of fatigue, such as increased levels of interstitial and (or) arterial [K+].

Functional Threshold Power: Relationship With Respiratory Compensation Point and Effects of Various Warm-Up Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1051
Author(s):  
David Barranco-Gil ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Threshold Power ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation

Purpose: The functional threshold power (FTP), which demarcates the transition from steady state to non-steady-state oxidative metabolism, is usually determined with a 20-minute cycling time trial that follows a standard ∼45-minute warm-up. This study aimed to determine if the standard warm-up inherent to FTP determination is actually necessary and how its modification or removal affects the relationship between FTP and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Methods: A total of 15 male cyclists (age 35 [9] y, maximum oxygen uptake 66.4 [6.8] mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in this randomized, crossover study. Participants performed a ramp test for determination of RCP and maximum oxygen uptake. During subsequent visits, they performed a 20-minute time trial preceded by the “standard” warm-up that is typically performed before an FTP test (S-WU), a 10-minute warm-up at the power output (PO) corresponding to 60% of maximum oxygen uptake (60%-WU), or no warm-up (No-WU). FTP was computed as 95% of the mean PO attained during the time trial. Results: Although the FTP was correlated with the RCP independently of the warm-up (r = .89, .93, and .86 for No-WU, 60%-WU, and S-WU, respectively; all Ps < .001), the PO at RCP was higher than the FTP in all cases (bias ± 95% limits of agreement = 57 [24], 60 [23], and 57 [32] W for No-WU, 60%-WU, and S-WU, respectively; all Ps < .001 and effect size > 1.70). Conclusions: The FTP is highly correlated with the RCP but corresponds to a significantly lower PO, being these results independent of the warm-up performed (or even with no warm-up).

scholarly journals Time to Exhaustion at the Respiratory Compensation Point in Recreational Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6352
Author(s):  
Susana Moral-González ◽  
Javier González-Sánchez ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Sonia García-Merino ◽  
Carlos Barbado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Subject Variability

The time to exhaustion (tlim) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and whether a physiological steady state is observed at this workload remains unknown. Thus, this study analyzed tlim at the power output eliciting the RCP (tlim at RCP), the oxygen uptake (VO2) response to this effort, and the influence of endurance fitness. Sixty male recreational cyclists (peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 40–60 mL∙kg∙min−1) performed an incremental test to determine the RCP, VO2peak, and maximal aerobic power (MAP). They also performed constant-load tests to determine the tlim at RCP and tlim at MAP. Participants were divided based on their VO2peak into a low-performance group (LP, n = 30) and a high-performance group (HP, n = 30). The tlim at RCP averaged 20 min 32 s ± 5 min 42 s, with a high between-subject variability (coefficient of variation 28%) but with no differences between groups (p = 0.788, effect size = 0.06). No consistent relationships were found between the tlim at RCP and the different fitness markers analyzed (RCP, power output (PO) at RCP, VO2peak, MAP, or tlim at MAP; all p > 0.05). VO2 remained steady overall during the tlim test, although a VO2 slow component (i.e., an increase in VO2 >200 mL·min−1 from the third min to the end of the tests) was present in 33% and 40% of the participants in HP and LP, respectively. In summary, the PO at RCP could be maintained for about 20 min. However, there was a high between-subject variability in both the tlim and in the VO2 response to this effort that seemed to be independent of fitness level, which raises concerns on the suitability of this test for fitness assessment.

scholarly journals Characterization of the intensity of effort of blind athletes from the brazilian footbal 5-a-side national team

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Ramon Pereira Souza ◽  
José Manuel Vilaça Maio Alves ◽  
José Irineu Gorla ◽  
Giovanni Novaes ◽  
Soraia Izabel Correa Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
National Team ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
The World ◽  
Paralympic Games

Introduction: Football 5-a-side is a sport played by blind athletes that takes part in the Paralympic Games since 2004. The Brazilian national team is currently considered the best team in the world in this sport. Objective: To analyze the variations of intensity of effort (average per position and group average) made by blind athletes of the Brazilian football 5-a-side national team during six matches simulations. Methods: The sample on this research is the intentional type, made with eight blind male players,  ages ranging from 21 to 30 years old (23.8 ± 3.3), all of them part of the Brazilian Football 5-a-side National team, which played in the 2012 Paralympics Games in England. In was evaluated the VO2máx and the heart rate during six simulations of official matches. Results: The intensity of effort of the blind athletes of the Brazilian Football 5-a-side National Team is intermittent and remains 52.5 % of the total time of a match (50 minutes) with an intensity of effort between the zone 2 (between threshold ventilation and respiratory compensation point) and the zone 3 (above the respiratory compensation point) averaging 89.8 % of the HR max. Conclusion: The intensity of effort is greater than the Football of 11 and, that in the Futsal players.

scholarly journals PPeak oxygen uptake differentiates competitive from recreational male surfboard riders

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Joana Reis ◽  
João Beckert ◽  
Miguel Moreira ◽  
Francisco Alves
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation

The purpose of this study was to verify if competitive performance status was associated to different levels of specific aerobic fitness in Portuguese surfboard riders. Six recreational surfers (age: 32.3±3.1 years; body mass: 73.2±7.8kg; height: 1.75±0.05m) and six competitive international level surfers (age: 25±8.4years; body mass: 68.5±3.8kg; height: 1.74±0.05m) performed a maximal continuous incremental paddling test consisting of two-minute steps starting at 20W, with increments of 10W, for determination of peak oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic power. Ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point with corresponding heart rate and power output were also determined. Elite surfers presented higher values for peak oxygen uptake (43.6±7.9 ml.kg-1.min-1) than recreational surfers (31.1±7.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, p=0.01) however, there were no differences (p> 0.05) between groups for maximal aerobic power (elite: 76.6±18.6W; recreational: 76.6±16.6W). No significant differences between the power output at which ventilatory threshold or respiratory compensation point occurred but elite surfers reached ventilation threshold with 22.5±5.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 which was significantly higher than recreational surfers (16±3.7 ml.kg-1.min-1). These findings show that elite surfers have higher values of peak oxygen uptake than recreational surfers which suggest a higher aerobic adaptation that may be related to the different amount of exercise volume undertaken.

Elimination of Influences of the ACTN3 R577X Variant on Oxygen Uptake by Endurance Training in Healthy Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle S.M. Silva ◽  
Wladimir Bolani ◽  
Cleber R. Alves ◽  
Diogo G. Biagi ◽  
José R. Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Before And After

Aim:To study the relationship between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and oxygen uptake (VO2) before and after exercise training.Methods:Police recruits (N = 206, 25 ± 4 y) with RR (n = 75), RX (n = 97), and XX (n = 33) genotypes were selected. After baseline measures, they underwent 18 wk of running endurance training. Peak VO2 was obtained by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.Results:Baseline body weight was not different among genotypes. At baseline, XX individuals displayed higher VO2 at anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point, and exercise peak than did RR individuals (P < .003). Endurance training significantly increased VO2 at anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point, and exercise peak (P < 2 × 10−6), but the differences between XX and RR were no longer observed. Only relative peak VO2 exercise remained higher in XX than in RR genotype (P = .04). In contrast, the increase in relative peak VO2 was greater in RR than in XX individuals (12% vs 6%; P = .02).Conclusion:ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with VO2. XX individuals have greater aerobic capacity. Endurance training eliminates differences in peak VO2 between XX and RR individuals. These findings suggest a ceiling-effect phenomenon, and, perhaps, trained individuals may not constitute an adequate population to explain associations between phenotypic variability and gene variations.

Adjustment for gas exchange threshold enhances precision of heart rate-derived VO2 estimates during heavy exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Pettitt ◽  
J. David Symons ◽  
Julie E. Taylor ◽  
Patricia A. Eisenman ◽  
Andrea T. White
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Model Interaction ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

Overestimates of oxygen uptake (VO2) are derived from the heart rate reserve – VO2 reserve (HRR–VO2R) model. We tested the hypothesis that adjusting for differences above and below gas exchange threshold (HRR–GET model) would tighten the precision of HR-derived VO2 estimates during heavy exercise. Seven men and 7 women of various VO2 max levels, on 2 separate days, cycled for 6 min at intensities equal to power at GET, 15% the difference between GET and VO2 max (15% above), and at 30% above GET. A second bout at 15% above GET (15% above (bout 2)) after 3 min of recovery was performed to assess estimates during interval training. Actual VO2 was compared with estimates derived from the HRR–VO2R and the HRR–GET. VO2 values were summed over the 6 min duration of data collection (6 min LO2) and compared with Bland–Altman plots. HRR–VO2R yielded 6 min LO2 (±2 SD) overestimates of 2.0 (±2.5), 1.9 (±2.7), and 1.3 (±3.3) for GET, 15% over, and 30% over, respectively, whereas corresponding 6 min LO2 difference values for the HRR–GET model were –0.42 (±1.6), –0.23 (±1.1), and –0.55 (±1.8), respectively. For 15% above (bout 2), the 6 min LO2 difference for HRR–VO2R was 1.8 (±2.9), whereas the difference for HRR–GET was 0.17 (±1.4). The 6 min LO2 values relative to the subjects’ VO2 max did not vary (r = 0.05 to 0.36); therefore, fitness level did not affect estimates. Sex did not affect accuracy of either estimate model (sex X estimate model interaction, p > 0.95). We observed accurate estimates from the HRR–GET model during heavy exercise.

scholarly journals EMG breakpoints for detecting anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point in recovered COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 102567
Author(s):  
Murillo Frazão ◽  
Paulo Eugênio Silva ◽  
Lucas de Assis Pereira Cacau ◽  
Tullio Rocha Petrucci ◽  
Mariela Cometki Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation
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