Foot and Ankle Kinematics During Descent From Varying Step Heights

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Gerstle ◽  
Kristian O’Connor ◽  
Kevin G. Keenan ◽  
Stephen C. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Weight Acceptance

In the general population, one-third of incidences during step negotiation occur during the transition to level walking. Furthermore, falls during curb negotiation are a common cause of injury in older adults. Distal foot kinematics may be an important factor in determining injury risk associated with transition step negotiation. The purpose of this study was to identify foot and ankle kinematics of uninjured individuals during descent from varying step heights. A 7-segment foot model was used to quantify kinematics as participants walked on a level walkway, stepped down a single step (heights: 5 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm), and continued walking. As step height increased, landing strategy transitioned from the rearfoot to the forefoot, and the rearfoot, lateral and medial midfoot, and medial forefoot became more plantar flexed. During weight acceptance, sagittal plane range of motion of the rearfoot, lateral midfoot, and medial and lateral forefoot increased as step height increased. The changes in landing strategy and distal foot function suggest a less stable ankle position at initial contact and increased demand on the distal foot at initial contact and through the weight acceptance phase of transition step negotiation as step height increases.

The Effects of Walking Speed on Multisegment Foot Kinematics in Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Tulchin ◽  
Michael Orendurff ◽  
Stephen Adolfsen ◽  
Lori Karol
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Stance Time

Multisegment foot models provide researchers more-detailed information regarding foot mechanics compared with single rigid body foot models. Previous work has shown that walking speed significantly affects sagittal plane ankle motion. It is important to distinguish changes in intersegment foot mechanics following treatment that are due to clinical intervention versus those due to walking speed alone. Foot and ankle kinematics were collected on 24 adults walking at 5 speeds. Significant differences were seen at the ankle using a single rigid body foot model, as well as at the hindfoot and forefoot using a multisegment foot model, with all motions exhibiting a shift toward plantar flexion and decreased stance time with increasing speed. When evaluating foot mechanics using a multisegment foot model across groups or conducting intrasubject comparison over time/treatments, it is imperative that walking speed be accounted for or controlled.

Analysis of Foot Kinematics with Unstable Sole Structure Using Oxford Foot Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yue Zhang ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Justin Fernandez ◽  
Yao Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Contrast Group ◽  
Oxford Foot Model

To determine the influence of the unstable sole structure on foot kinematics and provide theoretical basis for further application.12 healthy female subjects walked through a 10-meter experimental channel with normal speed wearing experimental shoes and control shoes respectively at the gait laboratory. Differences between the groups in triplanar motion of the forefoot, rearfoot and hallux during walking were evaluated using a three-dimensional motion analysis system incorporating with Oxford Foot Model (OFM). Compare to contrast group, participants wearing experimental shoes demonstrated greater peak forefoot dorsiflexion, forefoot supination and longer halluces plantar flexion time in support phase. Additionally, participants with unstable sole structure also demonstrated smaller peak forefoot plantarflexion, rearfoot dorsiflexion and range of joint motion in sagittal plane and frontal plane.. The difference mainly appeared in sagittal and frontal plane. With a stimulation of unstable, it may lead to the reinforcement of different flexion between middle and two ends of the foot model. The greater forefoot supination is infered that the unstable element structure may affect the forefoot motion on the frontal plane and has a control effect to strephexopodia people. The stimulation also will reflexes reduce the range of rearfoot motion in sagittal and frontal planes to control the gravity center of the body and keep a steady state in the process of walking.

scholarly journals The effect of age and speed on foot and ankle kinematics assessed using a 4-segment foot model

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (35) ◽  
pp. e7907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander van Hoeve ◽  
Bernard Leenstra ◽  
Paul Willems ◽  
Martijn Poeze ◽  
Kenneth Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Effect Of Age

Ankle Dorsiflexion Displacement During Landing is Associated With Initial Contact Kinematics but not Joint Displacement

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Begalle ◽  
Meghan C. Walsh ◽  
Melanie L. McGrath ◽  
Michelle C. Boling ◽  
J. Troy Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Joint Displacement ◽  
Jump Landings

The ankle, knee, and hip joints work together in the sagittal plane to absorb landing forces. Reduced sagittal plane motion at the ankle may alter landing strategies at the knee and hip, potentially increasing injury risk; however, no studies have examined the kinematic relationships between the joints during jump landings. Healthy adults (N = 30; 15 male, 15 female) performed jump landings onto a force plate while three-dimensional kinematic data were collected. Joint displacement values were calculated during the loading phase as the difference between peak and initial contact angles. No relationship existed between ankle dorsiflexion displacement during landing and three-dimensional knee and hip displacements. However, less ankle dorsiflexion displacement was associated with landing at initial ground contact with larger hip flexion, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee varus, and smaller plantar flexion angles. Findings of the current study suggest that restrictions in ankle motion during landing may contribute to contacting the ground in a more flexed position but continuing through little additional motion to absorb the landing. Transverse plane hip and frontal plane knee positioning may also occur, which are known to increase the risk of lower extremity injury.

Jumping in Ballet: A Systematic Review of Kinetic and Kinematic Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Adam Mattiussi ◽  
Joseph W Shaw ◽  
Derrick D Brown ◽  
Phil Price ◽  
Daniel D Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Plane Joint

AIMS: Understanding the biomechanics of jumping in ballet dancers provides an opportunity to optimize performance and mitigate injury risk. This systematic review aimed to summarize research investigating kinetics and kinematics of jumping in ballet dancers. METHODS: PubMed (MEDLINE), SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies published before December 2020. Studies were required to investigate dancers specializing in ballet, assess kinetics or kinematics during take-off or landing, and be published in English. RESULTS: A total of 3,781 articles were identified, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies investigated take-off (kinetics: n = 6; kinematics: n = 4) and 23 studies investigated landing (kinetics: n = 19; kinematics: n = 12). Included articles were categorized into six themes: Activity Type (n = 10), Environment and Equipment (n = 10), Demographics (n = 8), Physical Characteristics (n = 3), Injury Status (n = 2), and Skill Acquisition and Motor Control (n = 1). Peak landing vertical ground reaction force (1.4 x 9.6 times body weight) was most commonly reported. Limited evidence suggests greater ankle involvement during the take-off of ballet jumps compared to countermovement jumps. There is also limited evidence indicating greater sagittal plane joint excursions upon landing in ballet dancers compared to non-dancers, primarily through a more extended lower extremity at initial contact. Only 4 articles investigated male ballet dancers, which is a notable gap in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review can be used by dance science and medicine practitioners to improve their understanding of jumping in ballet dancers.

scholarly journals Changes in the Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Lunge Footwork during the Fatiguing Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8703
Author(s):  
Yanyan Du ◽  
Yubo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Injury Risk Factor ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

Fatigue is a major injury risk factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on lunging during the fatiguing process. The lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics of fifteen male collegiate badminton players were simultaneously recorded by optical motion-capture and force plate systems during lunging. In addition to statistical analyses of discrete variables, one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM (1D)) was used to analyze the waveform data. The hypotheses were that the biomechanics of lunging maneuvers would change during the fatiguing process, and the fatigue effects would differ in different periods (I–V) of the stance phase and in different joints. Results showed that the initial contact angles, peak angles, moments, power, and time needed to reach the peak angles at the hip, knee, and ankle in the sagittal plane all decreased post-fatigue. A continuous decreasing tendency was reflected in the moments and power of hip and, in particular, knee joints (mostly p < 0.001). Period IV showed a significant fatigue response. In conclusion, both discrete and waveform data illustrated the effects of fatigue, however, the results of SPM (1D) analysis showed both the key period and body segments affected by the fatigue response.

scholarly journals Sagittal Plane Gait Kinematics in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Hoch ◽  
David R. Mullineaux ◽  
Kyoungkyu Jeon ◽  
Patrick O. McKeon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Gait Kinematics ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Absorption Phase

Single joint kinematic alterations have been identified during gait in those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The purpose of this study was to compare sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle kinematics during walking in participants with and without CAI. Twelve individuals with CAI and 12 healthy individuals walked on a treadmill at 1.5 m/s. Three-dimensional kinematics were analyzed using mean ensemble curves and independent t tests. Participants with CAI demonstrated less lower extremity flexion during the absorption phase of stance and the limb placement phase of swing, which may have implications for limb placement at initial contact.

scholarly journals IMU-Based Effects Assessment of the Use of Foot Orthoses in the Stance Phase during Running and Asymmetry between Extremities

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3277
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Florenciano Restoy ◽  
Jordi Solé-Casals ◽  
Xantal Borràs-Boix
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Movement Differences

The objectives of this study were to determine the amplitude of movement differences and asymmetries between feet during the stance phase and to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) on foot kinematics in the stance phase during running. In total, 40 males were recruited (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm). Participants ran on a running treadmill at 2.5 m/s using their own footwear, with and without the FOs. Two inertial sensors fixed on the instep of each of the participant’s footwear were used. Amplitude of movement along each axis, contact time and number of steps were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the movement in the sagittal plane is symmetric, but that it is not in the frontal and transverse planes. The right foot displayed more degrees of movement amplitude than the left foot although these differences are only significant in the abduction case. When FOs are used, a decrease in amplitude of movement in the three axes is observed, except for the dorsi-plantar flexion in the left foot and both feet combined. The contact time and the total step time show a significant increase when FOs are used, but the number of steps is not altered, suggesting that FOs do not interfere in running technique. The reduction in the amplitude of movement would indicate that FOs could be used as a preventive tool. The FOs do not influence the asymmetry of the amplitude of movement observed between feet, and this risk factor is maintained. IMU devices are useful tools to detect risk factors related to running injuries. With its use, even more personalized FOs could be manufactured.

scholarly journals NEURAL ACTIVITY PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH ACL INJURY-RISK MECHANICS IN ECOLOGICAL SPORT SPECIFIC VIRTUAL REALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0015
Author(s):  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh ◽  
Cody R. Criss ◽  
Manish Anand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Acl Injury Risk

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is secondary to a multifactorial etiology encompassing anatomical, biological, mechanical, and neurological factors. The nature of the injury being primarily due to non-contact mechanics further implicates neural control as a key injury-risk factor, though it has received considerably less study. Purpose: To determine the contribution of neural activity to injury-risk mechanics in ecological sport-specific VR landing scenarios. Methods: Ten female high-school soccer players (15.5±0.85 years; 165.0±6.09 cm; 59.1±11.84 kg) completed a neuroimaging session to capture neural activity during a bilateral leg press and a 3D biomechanics session performing a header within a VR soccer scenario. The bilateral leg press involved four 30 s blocks of repeated bilateral leg presses paced to a metronome beat of 1.2 Hz with 30 s rest between blocks. The VR soccer scenario simulated a corner-kick, requiring the participant to jump and head a virtual soccer ball into a virtual goal (Figure 1A-E). Initial contact and peak knee flexion and abduction angles were extracted during the landing from the header as injury-risk variables of interest and were correlated with neural activity. Results: Evidenced in Table 1 and Figure 1 (bottom row), increased initial contact abduction, increased peak abduction, and decreased peak flexion were associated with increased sensory, visual-spatial, and cerebellar activity (r2= 0.42-0.57, p corrected < .05, z max > 3.1, table & figure 1). Decreased initial contact flexion was associated with increased frontal cortex activity (r2= 0.68, p corrected < .05, z max > 3.1). Conclusion: Reduced neural efficiency (increased activation) of key regions that integrate proprioceptive, visual-spatial, and neurocognitive activity for motor control may influence injury-risk mechanics in sport. The regions found to increase in activity in relation to higher injury-risk mechanics are typically activated to assist with spatial navigation, environmental interaction, and precise motor control. The requirement for athletes to increase their activity for more basic knee motor control may result in fewer neural resources available to maintain knee joint alignment, allocate environmental attention, and handle increased motor coordination demands. These data indicate that strategies to enhance efficiency of visual-spatial and cognitive-motor control during high demand sporting activities is warranted to improve ACL injury-risk reduction. [Figure: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Analysis of foot kinematics wearing high heels using the Oxford foot model

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizi Wang ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
Julien Steven Baker
Keyword(s):  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Oxford Foot Model
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