scholarly journals Goal Orientations and Perceptions of the Sport Experience

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. Lochbaum ◽  
Glyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
School Year ◽  
Female High School ◽  
Achievement Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relevant Factors

Nicholas (1984a, 1984b, 1989) conceptual framework was used to study the relationship between two implicit goal orientations (task and ego) and achievement behaviors. This study examined the relationship between the goal orientations and (a) beliefs concerning determinants of success, (b) competition and practice strategies, (c) practice benefits, and (d) enjoyment. Subjects were 182 male and 114 female high school athletes who competed in at least one sport during the 1989–1990 school year. Factor analyses were conducted to determine the composition of the relevant factors. Ten factors emerged. Canonical analysis was employed to determine the relationship between goal orientations and the 10 subscales. The results, consistent with the hypotheses, showed that athletes with a task orientation focused on adaptive achievement strategies whereas athletes with an ego orientation focused on potentially maladaptive achievement strategies. The implications of the results to sport participation are discussed.

Relationship between Multidimensional Perfectionism and Goal Orientations in Sport

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G.H. Dunn ◽  
Janice Causgrove Dunn ◽  
Daniel G. Syrotuik
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Parental Pressure ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between perfectionism and goal orientations among male Canadian Football players (M age = 18.24 years). Athletes (N = 174) completed inventories to assess perfectionist orientations and goal orientations in sport. Perfectionism was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct and was measured with a newly constructed sport-specific version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990). Exploratory factor analysis of the modified MPS revealed four sport-related perfectionism dimensions: perceived parental pressure, personal standards, concern over mistakes, and perceived coach pressure. Canonical correlation analysis obtained two significant canonical functions (RC1 = .36; RC2 = .30). The first one revealed that task orientation was positively correlated with an adaptive profile of perfectionism. The second one revealed that ego orientation was positively associated with a maladaptive profile of perfectionism. Results are discussed in the context of Hamachek’s (1978) conceptualization of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism.

A Prospective Study on the Effect of Sport Specialization on Lower Extremity Injury Rates in High School Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Scott J. Hetzel ◽  
M. Alison Brooks ◽  
Stephanie Trigsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
School Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Interscholastic Athletes

Background: Sport specialization is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal lower extremity injuries (LEIs) in adolescent athletes presenting in clinical settings. However, sport specialization and the incidence of LEIs have not been investigated prospectively in a large population of adolescent athletes. Purpose: To determine if sport specialization was associated with an increased risk of LEIs in high school athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Participants (interscholastic athletes in grades 9-12) were recruited from 29 Wisconsin high schools during the 2015-2016 school year. Participants completed a questionnaire identifying their sport participation and history of LEIs. Sport specialization of low, moderate, or high was determined using a previously published 3-point scale. Athletic trainers reported all LEIs that occurred during the school year. Analyses included group proportions, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, and days lost due to injury (median and interquartile range [IQR]). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated to investigate the association between the incidence of LEIs and sport specialization level. Results: A total of 1544 participants (50.5% female; mean age, 16.1 ± 1.1 years) enrolled in the study, competed in 2843 athletic seasons, and participated in 167,349 athlete-exposures. Sport specialization was classified as low (59.5%), moderate (27.1%), or high (13.4%). Two hundred thirty-five participants (15.2%) sustained a total of 276 LEIs that caused them to miss a median of 7.0 days (IQR, 2.0-22.8). Injuries occurred most often to the ankle (34.4%), knee (25.0%), and upper leg (12.7%) and included ligament sprains (40.9%), muscle/tendon strains (25.4%), and tendinitis/tenosynovitis (19.6%). The incidence of LEIs for moderate participants was higher than for low participants (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.04-2.20]; P = .03). The incidence of LEIs for high participants was higher than for low participants (HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.12-3.06]; P = .02). Conclusion: Athletes with moderate or high sport specialization were more likely to sustain an LEI than athletes with low specialization. Sports medicine providers need to educate coaches, parents, and interscholastic athletes regarding the increased risk of LEIs for athletes who specialize in a single sport.

Orthogonality of Achievement Goals and Its Relationship to Beliefs about Success and Satisfaction in Sport

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn C. Roberts ◽  
Darren C. Treasure ◽  
Maria Kavussanu
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Achievement Goal Orientations ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Research Task ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between dispositional achievement goal orientations and satisfaction and beliefs about success in sport. Participants were 333 students who were administered the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) (Roberts & Balague, 1989,1991; Roberts, Treasure, & Balague, 1995), Beliefs about Success, and Satisfaction/Interest/Boredom Questionnaires (Duda & Nicholls, 1992). Consistent with theory (Nicholls, 1984, 1989) and previous research, task and ego goal orientations were found to be orthogonal. Following an extreme group split of the task and ego subscales of the POSQ, results of a 2 X 2 (High/Low Ego; High/Low Task) multivariate analyses of variance revealed a significant interaction effect between task and ego orientation. Specifically, participants high in ego and low in task orientation believed effort to be less a cause of success while high tasMow ego-oriented individuals were the least likely to attribute success to external factors. The findings are discussed in terms of their motivational implications for athletes.

Prediction of Goal Orientation and Perceived Competence on Intensity and Direction of Precompetitive Anxiety among Adolescent Handball Players

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Huang Li ◽  
Likang Chi
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the main and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on intensity and direction of the symptoms of precompetitive cognitive and somatic anxiety. 109 handball players from 16 high school teams ( M = 16.2 yr., SD = 1.5) participated. All were asked to complete the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, Perceived Competence Questionnaire, and a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Using separated multiple hierarchical regression analyses, direction of the symptoms of precompetitive somatic anxiety was predicted by perceived competence and interaction of ego orientation x perceived competence. Perceived competence and the interaction of ego orientation x task orientation x perceived competence were significant predictors of direction of the symptoms of precompetitive cognitive anxiety. The results suggest that perceptions of competence and task orientation moderate the relationship between ego orientation and direction of the symptoms of precompetitive anxiety.

scholarly journals Participation in Sport and Moral Functioning: Does Ego Orientation Mediate Their Relationship?

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Moral Functioning ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Ego Orientation

This study examined whether participation in contact sports influences moral functioning within the sport context, and whether these effects are mediated by ego orientation; the role of task orientation on moral functioning was also examined. Participants (N = 221) were college athletes participating in basketball, soccer, field hockey, and rugby. They completed questionnaires assessing sport participation, goal orientations, moral functioning, and social desirability. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that participation in contact sports positively predicted ego orientation, which in turn predicted low levels of moral functioning. The direct effects of sport participation on moral functioning became nonsignificant in the presence of ego orientation, indicating that the latter construct mediates the relationship between the first two variables. Task orientation corresponded to high levels of moral functioning. These findings help us further understand the processes operating in contact sports and are discussed in terms of their implications for eliminating unsportspersonlike conduct from the sport context.

Cognitive and Affective Concomitants of Task and Ego Goal Orientations during the Middle School Years

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. Treasere ◽  
Glyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Achievement Goal Orientations ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Achievement Beliefs ◽  
Coherent Relationship

Recent research with young adolescents (Duda, Fox, Biddle, & Armstrong, 1992) and with older adolescents (Duda, 1989) has reported a conceptually coherent relationship between individuals' achievement goal orientations and their beliefs about competitive sport. The purpose of the present study was to extend this line of research and examine the cognitive and affective concomitants of task and ego goal orientations (Nicholls, 1980, 1984, 1989) at three different ages during adolescence. Specifically, beliefs about the purposes of sport, causes of success, and satisfaction in sport were examined. A robust pattern of results emerged from canonical correlation procedures. For all three ages, a task orientation was related to prosocial and adaptive achievement beliefs about sport participation. In contrast, an ego orientation was related to negative social aspects and maladaptive achievement beliefs about sport involvement. The results suggest that a task orientation is likely to facilitate adaptive cognitive and affective patterns in competitive sport during adolescence.

scholarly journals Goal Orientations and Beliefs about the Causes of Sport Success among Elite Skiers

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Duda ◽  
Sally A. White
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elite Skiers

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between goal orientations and beliefs about the causes of success among elite athletes and to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) in high-level competitive sport. Male and female intercollegiate skiers (N=143) completed the TEOSQ specific to skiing and a questionnaire assessing their perceptions of the determinants of success in skiing. Factor analysis of the TEOSQ revealed two independent subscales that demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. Task orientation was positively linked with the beliefs that skiing success is a result of hard work, superior ability, and selecting activities that one can perform successfully, and ego orientation to the beliefs that taking an illegal advantage, possessing high ability, selecting tasks that one can accomplish, and external variables are reasons for skiing success. Factor analysis of the two goal orientation and four belief scale scores revealed two divergent goal/belief dimensions in competitive skiing.

scholarly journals Satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas y orientaciones de meta en profesorado de Educación Física hacia sus alumnos (Physical education teachers’ satisfaction of psychological needs and goal orientations towards their students)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Pablo Usán Supervía ◽  
Carlos Salavera Bordás ◽  
Abel Merino Orozco ◽  
Laurane Jarie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction Of Needs

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas y la orientación de meta en una muestra de 92 profesores especialistas de Educación Física (M=33,97; DT=8,45). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Satisfacción de Necesidades (ESANPE) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). Los resultados mostraron correlaciones entre la orientación motivacional hacia la tarea y la satisfacción de necesidades de competencia, afiliación, autonomía y utilidad de los profesores de EF en sus clases. A su vez, la orientación hacia la tarea fue predicha positivamente por la satisfacción de necesidad de la autonomía y utilidad en una línea de conductas más adaptativa. Se desprende la importancia e influencia de la orientación motivacional de los profesores de EF y la satisfacción de sus necesidades psicológicas en la promoción de la actividad físico-deportiva de sus alumnos.Abstract. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between goal orientation and satisfaction of psychological needs in a sample of 92 Physical Education teachers (M=33,97; DT=8,45). The main tools used were the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) as well as the Spanish Needs Satisfaction Scale (EPPBE). Results showed significant correlations between task orientation and satisfaction of competence, affiliation, autonomy, and utility in teachers’ classes. Furthermore, task orientation was positively predicted by autonomy and utility in a more adaptive way. The importance and influence of PE teachers about their goal orientations and the satisfaction of needs in the promotion of physical activity towards their students was evidenced.

Goal Perspectives, Reasons for Being Disciplined, and Self-Reported Discipline in Physical Education Lessons

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Locus Of Causality ◽  
Task Involvement ◽  
Perceptions Of Teaching ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Goal Perspectives

This study examined the relationship among goal orientations, perceived motivation climate, self-reported discipline, reasons for discipline, and perceived teacher’s strategies to sustain discipline in physical education lessons. Six hundred and seventy-four students responded on questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Task orientation was positively associated with self-determined reasons for discipline. The perception of a task-involving climate was positively related to perceptions of teaching strategies promoting reasons for discipline determined by the students. Task-involvement and self-determined reasons for being disciplined corresponded to students’ reported discipline in the lesson. On the contrary, the perception of an ego-involving climate was linked with perceived teaching strategies promoting an external locus of causality in the lesson. The results imply that teachers who try to strengthen the task orientation of students and help them adopt more self-determined reasons for being disciplined will have more orderly classes.

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