scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Cartel Behavior Within the NCAA

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. DeSchriver ◽  
David K. Stotlar
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Expected Benefits

The goal of this paper was to analyze the cartel behavior of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The NCAA, with over 1,000 members, has overseen intercollegiate athletic competition and established rules of play. In addition, the NCAA has maintained a cartel agreement to maximize profits for its members. However, to maintain a cartel, the expected costs of violating the agreement must be greater than the expected benefits of violation. Within this paper, an economic model using NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament revenue data was developed to determine when teams had an incentive to violate the cartel agreement—that is, commit a rules violation. Tournament revenue data from 1982 to 1990 was obtained for teams in six conferences (Big East, Big 10, Pacific 10, Southeastern; Atlantic Coast, and Big 8). The economic model revealed that teams in the Big East, Big 10, and Pacific 10 conferences had the greatest financial incentive to violate NCAA regulations. The information provided in this paper may be useful to intercollegiate athletic administrators who attempt to reduce the occurrence of rules violations and strengthen the cartel.

An Assessment of the Perception of Management and Leadership Skills by Intercollegiate Athletics Conference Commissioners

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Quarterman
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Brain Hemisphere ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Management And Leadership

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the perceptions of intercollegiate athletics conference commissioners regarding skills associated with management and leadership. A descriptive survey design was used to collect the data. The study showed that commissioners (N = 75) of NCAA Division I, II, and III conferences rated skills associated with management higher than those associated with leadership (f[l,69] = 5.109, p = .0001). Based on a 5-point Likert scale, the survey concluded: (a) Overall mean rates for management (M = 3.61, SD = .680) were higher than for leadership (M = 3.28, SD = .636), and (b) mean rates for both management and leadership were above average (M = 3.00). Serendipitously, the skills of management and leadership were discovered to be associated with brain hemisphere and whole brain thinking. The investigation's findings may serve as a guide for further research on management and leadership of intercollegiate athletic administrators.

scholarly journals A Method to March Madness? Institutional Logics and the 2006 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Southall ◽  
Mark S. Nagel ◽  
John M. Amis ◽  
Crystal Southall
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Division I ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
World Series ◽  
The Impact

As the United States’ largest intercollegiate athletic event, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men’s basketball tournament consistently generates high television ratings and attracts higher levels of advertising spending than the Super Bowl or the World Series. Given the limited analysis of the organizational conditions that frame these broadcasts’ production, this study examines the impact of influential actors on the representation process. Using a mixed-method approach, this paper investigates production conditions and processes involved in producing a sample (n= 31) of NCAA Division I men’s basketball tournament broadcasts, examines the extent to which these broadcasts are consistent with the NCAA’s educational mission, and considers the dominant institutional logic that underpins their reproduction. In so doing, this analysis provides a critical examination of the 2006 NCAA Division I men’s basketball tournament broadcasts, and how such broadcasts constitute, and are constituted by, choices in television production structures and practices.

Bases for Determining Need: Perspectives of Intercollegiate Athletic Directors and Athletic Board Chairs

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Mahony ◽  
Mary A. Hums ◽  
Harold A. Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
Program Costs

The distribution of resources in intercollegiate athletics has been controversial for many years. Prior research indicated various stakeholders believed need-based distributions were fair and were more likely to be used. It was not clear, however, how the stakeholders determined need or which sports had the greatest needs. The results of the current study indicate that athletic administrators believe programs need more resources when they lack resources, have high program costs, or lack adequate resources to be competitively successful. Although these three reasons were each identified by all groups, Division I administrators cited competitive success more often, and Division III administrators cited high program costs more often. The current study also found that football was the sport believed to have the greatest needs at both the NCAA Division I and Division III levels, and men’s sports were generally believed to have greater needs.

Intentions to Be an Athletic Director

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle E. Wells ◽  
Shannon Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
White Men ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Workplace Experience ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

The aim of this study was to evaluate senior athletic administrators’ expectations and intentions of becoming National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic directors (ADs) and explore women and racial minority senior athletic administrators’ athletic workplace experience. To serve the purpose, two studies using social cognitive career theory (SCCT) were employed. First, demographic (i.e., gender and race) differences by SCCT variables were assessed through survey collection and multivariate analysis of variance. Second, content analysis of interviews was used to assess the experiences of athletic administrators. Results revealed women and racial minority senior athletic administrators’ had similar self-efficacy compared to White men, but they encountered more barriers, unfavorable outcome expectations, and lower choice goals associated with becoming an NCAA Division I AD. Further, findings show women and racial minority senior athletic administrators felt occupational segregation limited their access and opportunities for career advancement to a Division I AD position.

scholarly journals Mentoring Characteristics and Functions Important to Men and Women within Intercollegiate Athletic Administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-24
Author(s):  
Glenna Bower ◽  
Mary Hums ◽  
Sarah Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administration ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Psychosocial Benefits ◽  
Career Benefits

Female athletic administrators were asked about the role of mentoring in their careers as women while male athletic administrators were asked about the role of mentoring in their careers as men working in intercollegiate athletic administration.  The researchers gathered and compared information on mentor characteristics as well as career and psychosocial benefits of having a mentor. Participants were 518 female and 778 male athletic administrators working at NCAA Division I, II, and IIII, NAIA, NCCAA, and NJCAA schools. A three-step content-analytic procedure was used to analyze the qualitative data. Men identified being trustworthy, supportive, respected, and a good listener while women identified being supportive, hardworking, and knowledgeable as the most important mentor characteristics. Men most frequently named coaching and challenging assignments as career benefits from mentors while women named exposure/visability and coaching. Both men and women most frequently identified counseling and role modeling as psychosocial benefits from mentors.

scholarly journals Students First: The Need for Adoption of Education and Incentive-Based Sport Agent Policies by NCAA Division I FBS Member Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-222
Author(s):  
Alicia Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Football Bowl Subdivision ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Students First ◽  
Division I Football

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) and U.S. Attorney’s Office’s investigation into National Collegiate Athletic Association (“NCAA”) Division I men’s basketball revealed allegations of NCAA Division I men’s basketball coaches accepting money from sport agents to persuade NCAA Division I men’s basketball players to become clients of said sport agents. This investigation highlights the pervasiveness of violations of preexisting laws governing sport agents, namely, the Uniform Athlete Agents Act (the “UAAA”) and Sport Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (“SPARTA”). Despite the believed routine violation of the UAAA and SPARTA in the recruitment of NCAA student-athletes as clients by sport agents, the laws are rarely used to prosecute sport agents. Thus, the investigation into NCAA Division I men’s basketball highlights the need for new mechanisms to safeguard the rights and interests of NCAA student-athletes related to sport agents. This paper analyzes the efficacy of existing legal and NCAA mechanisms regulating sport agents and presents a thematic analysis of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (“FBS”) member institutions’ sport agent policies to highlight the need for and present a model NCAA Division I FBS member institution sport agent policy and education model.

The Long Shadow of Rivalry: Rivalry Motivates Performance Today and Tomorrow

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Pike ◽  
Gavin J. Kilduff ◽  
Adam D. Galinsky
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Football League ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Econometric Analyses

Research has established that competing head to head against a rival boosts motivation and performance. The present research investigated whether rivalry can affect performance over time and in contests without rivals. We examined the long-term effects of rivalry through archival analyses of postseason performance in multiple high-stakes sports contexts: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Men’s Basketball and the major U.S. professional sports leagues: National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL). Econometric analyses revealed that postseason performance of a focal team’s rival in year N predicted that focal team’s postseason performance in year N + 1. Follow-up analyses suggested that the performance boost was especially pronounced when one’s rival won the previous tournament. These results establish that rivalry has a long shadow: A rival team’s success exerts such a powerful motivational force that it drives performance outside of direct competition with one’s rival and even after a significant delay.

scholarly journals Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
W. Guy Hornsby ◽  
Abigail L. Tice ◽  
Jason D. Stone ◽  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
Joshua Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Division I ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Division 1

The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons for four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 baseball players. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, revealing significant univariate effects of time for peak force (PF) (p = 0.003) and peak force allometrically scaled (PFa) (p = 0.002). Increases in PF were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.031) and season 3 (p = 0.004), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.232). Additionally, increases in PFa were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.010) and season 3 (p < 0.001), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.052). Home runs per game rose from the 2009 (0.32) to 2010 season (1.35) and dropped during the 2011 season (1.07). A unique aspect of the study involves 2010 being the season in which ball-bat coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) bats were introduced to the NCAA competition.

A new approach to bracket prediction in the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament based on a dual-proportion likelihood

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Andrew Gupta
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Division I ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Popular Interest ◽  
The One

AbstractThe widespread proliferation of and interest in bracket pools that accompany the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament have created a need to produce a set of predicted winners for each tournament game by people without expert knowledge of college basketball. Previous research has addressed bracket prediction to some degree, but not nearly on the level of the popular interest in the topic. This paper reviews relevant previous research, and then introduces a rating system for teams using game data from that season prior to the tournament. The ratings from this system are used within a novel, four-predictor probability model to produce sets of bracket predictions for each tournament from 2009 to 2014. This dual-proportion probability model is built around the constraint of two teams with a combined 100% probability of winning a given game. This paper also performs Monte Carlo simulation to investigate whether modifications are necessary from an expected value-based prediction system such as the one introduced in the paper, in order to have the maximum bracket score within a defined group. The findings are that selecting one high-probability “upset” team for one to three late rounds games is likely to outperform other strategies, including one with no modifications to the expected value, as long as the upset choice overlaps a large minority of competing brackets while leaving the bracket some distinguishing characteristics in late rounds.

scholarly journals Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110152
Author(s):  
Rafael Sanchez ◽  
Blake H. Hodgens ◽  
Joseph S. Geller ◽  
Samuel Huntley ◽  
Jonathan Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Drop

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.

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