Acute Effects of Posture Shirts on Rounded-Shoulder and Forward-Head Posture in College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Manor ◽  
Elizabeth Hibberd ◽  
Meredith Petschauer ◽  
Joseph Myers
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
History Of

Context:Rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture can be contributing factors to shoulder pain. Corrective techniques such as manual therapy and exercise have been shown to improve these altered postures, but there is little evidence that corrective garments such as posture shirts can alter posture.Objectives:To determine the acute effects of corrective postureshirt use on rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture in asymptomatic college students.Design:Repeated-measures intervention study with counterbalanced conditions.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:24 members of the general student body of a university, 18–25 y old, with a forward shoulder angle (FSA) >52° and no history of upper-extremity surgery, scoliosis, active shoulder pain, or shoulder pain in the previous 3 mo that restricted participation for 3 consecutive days.Interventions:Photographic posture assessment under a control condition, under a sham or treatment condition (counterbalanced), under another control condition, and treatment or sham.Main Outcome Measures:FSA and forward head angle (FHA) calculated from a lateral photograph.Results:FSA decreased relative to the control condition while participants wore the sham shirt (P = .029) but not the corrective posture shirt (P = 1.00). FHA was unchanged between groups (P = .371).Conclusions:Application of a corrective posture shirt did not acutely alter FSA or FHA, while application of a sham shirt may decrease FSA at rest.

Hip-Abduction Torque and Muscle Activation in People With Low Back Pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sutherlin ◽  
Joseph M. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
History Of

Context:Individuals with a history of low back pain (LBP) may present with decreased hip-abduction strength and increased trunk or gluteus maximus (GMax) fatigability. However, the effect of hip-abduction exercise on hip-muscle function has not been previously reported.Objective:To compare hip-abduction torque and muscle activation of the hip, thigh, and trunk between individuals with and without a history of LBP during repeated bouts of side-lying hip-abduction exercise.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Clinical laboratory.Participants:12 individuals with a history of LBP and 12 controls.Intervention:Repeated 30-s hip-abduction contractions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip-abduction torque, normalized root-mean-squared (RMS) muscle activation, percent RMS muscle activation, and forward general linear regression.Results:Hip-abduction torque reduced in all participants as a result of exercise (1.57 ± 0.36 Nm/kg, 1.12 ± 0.36 Nm/kg; P < .001), but there were no group differences (F = 0.129, P = .723) or group-by-time interactions (F = 1.098, P = .358). All participants had increased GMax activation during the first bout of exercise (0.96 ± 1.00, 1.18 ± 1.03; P = .038). Individuals with a history of LBP had significantly greater GMax activation at multiple points during repeated exercise (P < .05) and a significantly lower percent of muscle activation for the GMax (P = .050) at the start of the third bout of exercise and for the biceps femoris (P = .039) at the end of exercise. The gluteal muscles best predicted hip-abduction torque in controls, while no consistent muscles were identified for individuals with a history of LBP.Conclusions:Hip-abduction torque decreased in all individuals after hip-abduction exercise, although individuals with a history of LBP had increased GMax activation during exercise. Gluteal muscle activity explained hip-abduction torque in healthy individuals but not in those with a history of LBP. Alterations in hip-muscle function may exist in individuals with a history of LBP.

Difference in Ratio of Evertor to Invertor Activity Between the Dominant and Nondominant Legs During Simulated Lateral Ankle Sprain

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Knight ◽  
Wendi H. Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Laboratory

Context:The dominant and nondominant legs respond asymmetrically during landing tasks, and this difference may occur during an inversion perturbation and provide insight into the role of ankle-evertor and -invertor muscle activity.Objective:To determine if there is a difference in the ratio of evertor to invertor activity between the dominant and nondominant legs and outer-sole conditions when the ankle is forced into inversion.Design:Repeated-measures single-group design.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:15 physically active healthy volunteers with no previous history of an ankle sprain or lower extremity surgery or fracture.Interventions:An outer sole with fulcrum was used to cause 25° of inversion at the subtalar joint after landing from a 27-cm step-down task. Participants performed 10 fulcrum trials on both the dominant and nondominant leg.Main Outcome Measures:The ratio of evertor to invertor muscle activity 200 ms before and 200 ms after the inversion perturbation was measured using electromyography. This ratio was the dependent variable. Independent variables included outer-sole condition (fulcrum, flat), leg (dominant, nondominant), and time (prelanding, postlanding). The data were analyzed with separate 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA, 1 for the prelanding ratios and 1 for the postlanding ratios.Results:For the postlanding ratios, the fulcrum outer sole had a significantly greater (P < .05) ratio than the flat outer sole, and the nondominant leg had a significantly greater (P < .05) ratio than the dominant leg.Conclusions:These results indicate that a greater evertor response is produced when the ankle is forced into inversion, and a greater response is produced for the nondominant leg, which may function better during a postural-stabilizing task than the dominant leg.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Stretching on Passive Properties of Human Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit: Analysis of Differences Between Hold-Relax and Static Stretching

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tome Ikezoe ◽  
Takahiro Tokugawa ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Passive Torque ◽  
History Of

Context:Hold–relax stretching (HRS) and static stretching (SS) are commonly used to increase joint range of motion (ROM) and decrease muscle stiffness. However, whether there are differences between acute effects of HRS and SS on end ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness is unclear. In addition, any differences between the mechanisms by which HRS and SS lead to an increase in end ROM are unclear.Objective:To compare the acute effects of HRS and SS on the passive properties of the gastrocnemius muscle–tendon unit (MTU), end ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness in vivo and to investigate the factors involved in increasing end ROM.Design:Crossover experimental design.Participants:30 healthy men (21.7 ± 1.2 y) with no history of neuromuscular disease or musculoskeletal injury involving the lower limbs.Intervention:Both HRS and SS of 30 s were repeated 4 times, lasting a total of 2 min.Main Outcome Measures:End ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness were measured during passive ankle dorsiflexion using a dynamometer and ultrasonography before and immediately after HRS and SS.Results:The results showed that end ROM and passive torque at end ROM significantly increased immediately after both HRS and SS, whereas muscle stiffness significantly decreased. In addition, the percentage change in passive torque at end ROM on use of the HRS technique was significantly higher than that after use of the SS technique. However, the percentage change in muscle stiffness after SS was significantly higher than that with HRS.Conclusion:These results suggest that both HRS and SS can effectively decrease muscle stiffness of the gastrocnemius MTU and that HRS induces a change in the passive torque at end ROM—ie, sensory perception—rather than changing muscle stiffness.

The Effect of Functional Training on the Incidence of Shoulder Pain and Strength in Intercollegiate Swimmers

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
C. Buz Swanik ◽  
Scott M. Lephart ◽  
Kellie Huxel
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Weight Room ◽  
And Control

Objective:To determine whether functional training reduces the incidence of shoulder pain and increases strength in intercollegiate swimmers.Design:Pretest–posttest.Setting:Laboratory and weight room.Participants:26 intercollegiate swimmers (13 men, 13 women).Intervention:6-wk functional training program.Main Outcome Measures:Incidence of shoulder pain was recorded throughout the study. Isokinetic shoulder strength was assessed before and after training.Results:Attest showed significant differences (P< .05) for the incidence of shoulder pain between the experimental (mean episodes = 1.8 ± 2.1) and control (mean episodes = 4.6 ± 4.7) groups. ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant strength differences between groups but exhibited significant within-group increases.Conclusions:Incorporating functional exercises might reduce incidence of shoulder pain in swimmers. The results also validate the need to modify preventive programs as the demands of the sport change throughout the season.

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