The Effect of Functional Training on the Incidence of Shoulder Pain and Strength in Intercollegiate Swimmers

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
C. Buz Swanik ◽  
Scott M. Lephart ◽  
Kellie Huxel
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Weight Room ◽  
And Control

Objective:To determine whether functional training reduces the incidence of shoulder pain and increases strength in intercollegiate swimmers.Design:Pretest–posttest.Setting:Laboratory and weight room.Participants:26 intercollegiate swimmers (13 men, 13 women).Intervention:6-wk functional training program.Main Outcome Measures:Incidence of shoulder pain was recorded throughout the study. Isokinetic shoulder strength was assessed before and after training.Results:Attest showed significant differences (P< .05) for the incidence of shoulder pain between the experimental (mean episodes = 1.8 ± 2.1) and control (mean episodes = 4.6 ± 4.7) groups. ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant strength differences between groups but exhibited significant within-group increases.Conclusions:Incorporating functional exercises might reduce incidence of shoulder pain in swimmers. The results also validate the need to modify preventive programs as the demands of the sport change throughout the season.

Effect of a 4-Week Agility-Training Program on Postural Sway in the Functionally Unstable Ankle

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien M. Hess ◽  
Christopher J. Joyce ◽  
Brent L. Arnold ◽  
Bruce M. Gansneder
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Context:Agility training has been proposed as an important tool in rehabilitation. However, it is unclear which types of agility training are most useful.Objective:To assess the effects of agility training on balance in individuals with functionally unstable ankles.Design:A 2-group experimental design with repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Patients:Twenty college-aged volunteers, each with 1 functionally unstable ankle, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups.Interventions:Subjects in the experimental group performed agility training 3 times per week for 4 weeks.Main Outcome Measures:Subjects were tested for static single-leg balance before and after the training period. Anterior/posterior sway amplitude, medial/lateral sway amplitude, and sway index were assessed using the Chattex Balance System.Results:No significant differences in balance were found after the agility training.Conclusions:Agility training did not improve static single-leg balance in subjects with functionally unstable ankles.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of a Swimming Session on the Shoulder Rotators Strength and Balance of Age Group Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8109
Author(s):  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Jose A. Parraca ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Ana Conceição ◽  
Hugo Louro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Gender Specific

The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of a standardized water training session on the shoulder rotators strength and balance in age group swimmers, in order to understand whether a muscle-strengthening workout immediately after the water training is appropriate. A repeated measures design was implemented with two measurements performed before and after a standardized swim session. 127 participants were assembled in male (n = 72; age: 16.28 ± 1.55 years, height: 174.15 ± 7.89 cm, weight: 63.97 ± 6.51 kg) and female (n = 55; age: 15.29 ± 1.28 years, height: 163.03 ± 7.19 cm, weight: 52.72 ± 5.48 kg) cohorts. The isometric torque of the shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators, as well as the ER/IR ratios, were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were used (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found on the shoulder rotators strength or balance in males after training. Females exhibited unchanged strength values after practice, but there was a considerable decrease in the shoulder rotators balance of the non-dominant limb (p < 0.01 d = 0.366). This indicates that a single practice seems not to affect the shoulders strength and balance of adolescent swimmers, but this can be a gender specific phenomenon. While muscle-strengthening workout after the water session may be appropriate for males, it can be questionable regarding females. Swimming coaches should regularly assess shoulder strength levels in order to individually identify swimmers who may or may not be able to practice muscle strengthening after the water training.

Recovery of Joint Position Sense in the Shoulder after Muscle Fatigue

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Yun Chang ◽  
Chen-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shun-Hwa Wei ◽  
Chi-Huang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Outcome Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Local Muscle Fatigue

Context:Fatigue of the shoulder rotator muscles may negatively affect joint position sense (JPS) and ultimately lead to injury.Objective:Recovery of shoulder JPS after muscle fatigue.Design:A repeated-measures study.Setting:Musculoskeletal research laboratory.Patients:Thirteen subjects participated in joint position error tests and isokinetic concentric strength assessment in shoulder rotation, before and after rotator muscle fatigue.Interventions:Local muscle fatigue was induced using isokinetic concentric contractions of the shoulder rotator muscles.Main Outcome Measurements:Shoulder rotator strength and JPS error signals were measured before fatigue, immediately after fatigue, and every ten minutes thereafter for one hour.Results:Before shoulder rotation muscle fatigue, the accuracy of shoulder JPS was 2.79 ± 1.67 degrees. After muscle fatigue, the accuracy decreased to 6.39 ± 2.90 degrees. Shoulder JPS was influenced up to 40 minutes after muscle fatigue, but shoulder strength was only affected for 10 minutes after muscle fatigue.Conclusions:Proprioceptive recovery was slower than strength following fatigue of the shoulder rotators.

Acute Effects of Posture Shirts on Rounded-Shoulder and Forward-Head Posture in College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Manor ◽  
Elizabeth Hibberd ◽  
Meredith Petschauer ◽  
Joseph Myers
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
History Of

Context:Rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture can be contributing factors to shoulder pain. Corrective techniques such as manual therapy and exercise have been shown to improve these altered postures, but there is little evidence that corrective garments such as posture shirts can alter posture.Objectives:To determine the acute effects of corrective postureshirt use on rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture in asymptomatic college students.Design:Repeated-measures intervention study with counterbalanced conditions.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:24 members of the general student body of a university, 18–25 y old, with a forward shoulder angle (FSA) >52° and no history of upper-extremity surgery, scoliosis, active shoulder pain, or shoulder pain in the previous 3 mo that restricted participation for 3 consecutive days.Interventions:Photographic posture assessment under a control condition, under a sham or treatment condition (counterbalanced), under another control condition, and treatment or sham.Main Outcome Measures:FSA and forward head angle (FHA) calculated from a lateral photograph.Results:FSA decreased relative to the control condition while participants wore the sham shirt (P = .029) but not the corrective posture shirt (P = 1.00). FHA was unchanged between groups (P = .371).Conclusions:Application of a corrective posture shirt did not acutely alter FSA or FHA, while application of a sham shirt may decrease FSA at rest.

Comparisons of Static and Dynamic Balance Following Training in Aquatic and Land Environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee E. Roth ◽  
Michael G. Miller ◽  
Marc Ricard ◽  
Donna Ritenour ◽  
Brenda L. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Post Test

Context:It has been theorized that aquatic balance training differs from land balance training.Objective:To compare the effects of balance training in aquatic and land environments.Design:Between-groups, repeated-measures design.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory and pool.Participants:24 healthy subjects randomly assigned to aquatic (n = 8), land (n = 10), or control (n = 6) groups.Intervention:Four weeks of balance training.Main Outcome Measures:Balance was measured (pre, mid, post, follow-up). COP variables: radial area, y range, x range in single leg (SL), tandem (T), single leg foam (SLF), and tandem form (TF) stance.Results:A significant condition × time interaction for x range was found, with improvements for SL, SLF, and TF. Radial area improved, with post-test 1.01 ± .23 cm2and follow-up 1.06 ± .18 cm2significantly lower than pretest 1.18 ± .23 cm2. Y range significantly improved, with posttest (4.69 ± 1.02 cm2) lower than pretest (5.89 ± 1.26 cm2). The foam conditions (SLF & TF) were significantly different from non-foam conditions (SL & T) for all variables.Conclusions:Results of this study show that balance training can effectively be performed in both land and aquatic environments.

scholarly journals La educación emocional en la infancia: una estrategia inclusiva

Aula Abierta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya Cepa Serrano ◽  
Davinia Heras Sevilla ◽  
María Fernández-Hawrylak
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emotional Education

RESUMENEsta investigación está enmarcada dentro del ámbito de la Educación Emocional en edades tempranas. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la eficacia del Programa EMO-ACCIÓN de educación emocional, valorando su impacto en niños de 4 a 5 años con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo. Para este trabajo se ha seleccionado un grupo de 22 alumnos/as de Educación Infantil con estas necesidades, de una muestra de 123 alumnos/as matriculados en un colegio ordinario preferente en limitaciones físicas. Se utiliza un diseño de medidas repetidas pre-test/post-test con grupos experimental (12 alumnos) y control (10 alumnos). Para ello, se administra antes y después de la intervención educativa la escala RRER para la medición de competencias emocionales. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos que participaron en el programa educativo incrementan de forma significativa sus competencias emocionales, encontrándose una clara mejora en las cinco dimensiones que se evalúan en la escala. El programa favorece el desarrollo de las competencias emocionales, tanto para alumnado que presenta o no dificultades educativas.Palabras Clave: competencias emocionales, educación infantil, alumnado con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo, educación inclusiva, educación emocional.ABSTRACTThis research is framed within the emotional education at early childhood. The aim of this study is to test the efficiency of the EMO-ACCIÓN Program of emotional education, assessing its impact in 4-5 years old children with special educational needs. We selected 22 children within a sample of 123 schooled in a preferred ordinary center in physical limitations. A repeated measures design pretest/posttest was used, with experimental (12 children) and control (10 children) groups. In order to measure the emotional competences, the Recognition, Regulation, Empathy and Problem Solving Scale (RRER) was administered before and after the educational intervention. The outcomes show that the children who participated in the educational program increase their emotional competences significantly, with a clear improvement in the five dimensions that the scale evaluate. The program stimulates the development of emotional competences, both in the children with or without educational needs.Keywords: emotional competences, child education, students with special, educational needs, inclusive education, emotional education.

scholarly journals Effects of Plyometric, Strength and Change of Direction Training on High-School Basketball Player’s Physical Fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽  
Jose Galán Molina ◽  
Guillermo de Castro-Maqueda ◽  
José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Abstract The study aim was to compare the effects of a 7-week plyometric, strength and change of direction (COD) training program on basketball-specific performance measures in high-school players. Forty male players were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: plyometric (PG, n = 10), strength (SG, n = 10), COD (CODG, n = 10), and control group training (CG, n = 10). Two training sessions were performed at weekly intervals before basketball training. Performance of the counter movement jump (CMJ), Abalakov jump (ABKJ), 10 m zig-zag sprint, 20 m in line sprint (measurements at 10 and 20 m), and sit and reach flexibility test (SRFT) was assessed before and after the intervention. A 4 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted for each variable. Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used when the interaction was significant. Significant (all p < 0.05) time x group interaction was noted for SRFT, CMJ, ABK, sprint, and zig-zag 10 m, in favor of the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, improvements in physical fitness were similar between the three experimental groups. In conclusion, 7 weeks of specific plyometric, strength and COD training produced similar medium to large improvements in physical fitness of high-school basketball players.

The Effects of a Supervised Resistance-Training Program on Special Olympics Athletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Machek ◽  
Christine B. Stopka ◽  
Mark D. Tillman ◽  
Suzanne M. Sneed ◽  
Keith E. Naugle
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Objective:To examine the effects of a resistance-training program on athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID).Design/Participants:2-way (2 × 2), repeated-measures analysis of variance on 2 groups (males and females); 30 Special Olympics (SO) athletes, age 16–22 (16 males, 14 females).Intervention/Outcome Measures:Resistance training, twice per week, for 3 months on Med-X weight equipment. Exercises tested: chest press, abdominal crunch, seated row, overhead press, seated dip, lower back extension, and biceps curl. The weight lifted and the number of repetitions performed were used to determine predicted 1-repetition max (1RM).Results:All participants as a group increased significantly in predicted 1RM for each exercise performed. Males were stronger than females for 5 of the 7 exercises. A significant interaction effect between genders was demonstrated for the seated dip.Conclusion:Significant strength gains can be accomplished by adolescents with ID via a supervised resistance-training program.

Tibiofemoral Joint-Surface Motions in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Movement

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hollman ◽  
Robert H. Deusinger ◽  
Linda R. Van Dillen ◽  
Dequan Zou ◽  
Scott D. Minor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Sliding Motion ◽  
Type Design

Context:Analyses of the path of instant center of rotation (PICR) can be used to infer joint-surface rolling and sliding motion (arthrokinematics). Previous PICR research has not quantified arthrokinematics during weight-bearing (WB) movement conditions or studied the association of muscle activity with arthrokinematics.Objective:To examine tibiofemoral arthrokinematics and thigh-muscle EMG during WB and non-weight-bearing (NWB) movement.Design:2 x 9 repeated-measures experiment.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:11 healthy adults (mean age 24 years).Main Outcome Measures:Tibiofemoral percentage rolling arthrokinematics and quadriceps: hamstring EMG activity.Results:WB percentage rolling (76.0% ± 4.7%) exceeded that of NWB (57.5% ± 1.8%) through terminal knee extension (F8,80= 8.99,P< .001). Quadriceps:hamstring EMG ratios accounted for 45.1% and 34.7% of the variance in arthrokinematics throughout the WB and NWB movement conditions, respectively (P< .001).Conclusions:More joint-surface rolling occurs through terminal knee extension during WB movement and is associated with an increase in hamstring activity.

Using Lunge Measurements for Baseline Fitness Testing

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Crill ◽  
Christopher P. Kolba ◽  
Gary S. Chleboun
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Baseline Fitness

Context:The lunge is commonly used to assess lower extremity strength, flexibility, and balance, yet few objective data exist on it.Objectives:To determine the reliability of the lunge test, determine whether there are gender differences associated with it, and study the relationships between lunge distance and height and leg length.Design:Single-factor repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:57: 29 men, 28 women.Main Outcome Measures:Anterior lunge (AL) and lateral lunge (LL) distance, height, and leg length (cm).Results:LL distance (131.3 ± 12.3) is significantly greater than AL distance (113.7 ± 17.2) in men and in women (LL 113.6 ± 10.5, AL 96.6 ± 11.1). There was no significant correlation for height or leg length to any lunge measurement in men or women.Conclusion:The lunge can be used as a reliable test to measure lower extremity function. Right- and left-leg lunge distances should not differ, and LL will always be greater than AL.

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