Weight Loss in Adolescent Wrestlers

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Keller ◽  
Stephen E. Tolly ◽  
Patty S. Freedson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Performance Consequences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The sport of wrestling often encourages participants to engage in extreme weight loss practices in order to compete in a weight class one to three weight categories below normal weight. This review discusses the prevalence of the problem, methods wrestlers use to accomplish weight loss, and the health and performance consequences of rapid weight loss, with particular emphasis on weight cycling and minimal safe wrestling weight assessment. Some useful and practical recommendations for minimizing extreme weight loss practices are presented. Several state wrestling associations have adjusted their rules and regulations based on recommendations by organizations such as the American College of Sports Medicine to reduce the prevalence of the problem. Nevertheless, extreme weight loss continues to be a concern among health professionals, particularly with regard to health and performance.

Weight Loss and Weight Cycling in Amateur Wrestlers: Implications for Performance and Resting Metabolic Rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Horswill
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Glycogen Depletion

Amateur wrestlers practice weight loss for ergogenic reasons. The effects of rapid weight loss on aerobic performance are adverse and profound, but the effects on anaerobic performance are equivocal Anaerobic performance—strength and power—may be the most relevant type of performance to the wrestler. Maintenance of or even small decrements in anaerobic performance may translate into improvements in performance relative to the weight class, the factor by which wrestlers are matched for competition. During the recovery period between the official weigh-in and competition, wrestlers achieve at least partial nutritional recovery, which appears to benefit performance. Successive bouts of (a) weight loss to make weight and (b) recovery for performance lead to weight cycling. There is speculation that weight cycling may contribute to chronic glycogen depletion, reductions in fat-free weight, a decrease in resting metabolic rate, and an increase in body fat. The latter two would augment the difficulty of losing weight for subsequent weigh-ins. Most research indicates that the suppressed resting metabolic rate with weight loss in wrestlers appears to be transient, but subsequent research is needed for confirmation.

Rapid Weight Loss Is Not Associated With Competitive Success in Elite Youth Olympic-Style Boxers in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 860-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Zubac ◽  
Hrvoje Karnincic ◽  
Damir Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Class Stratification ◽  
Dichotomous Variable ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: To examine the influence of rapid weight loss (RWL) on competitive success in elite youth Olympic-style boxers. In addition, this study examined the practice and prevalence of weight reduction, weight-management protocols, and related symptoms in youth boxers from 12 European countries (N = 83, all males, mean [SD] age 17.1 [0.9] y). Methods: The data were collected using an extensive questionnaire on weight cutting and its associated protocols and symptoms prior to highest-level continental championships. Competition results were obtained at follow-up using a dichotomous variable: medal winning vs nonwinning at the European Championships. Results: Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that “boxing experience” was significantly related to the criterion competitive outcome (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.66; Nagelkerke R2 = .11), with a higher likelihood of competitive success for more-experienced boxers. Of all the youth boxers, only 25% were included in the RWL group, irrespective of their weight-class stratification. More than 45% of all the youth boxers self-reported the simultaneous combination of different weight-cutting methods that are known to be serious health hazards. Finally, 33% of the boxers experienced muscle weakness as a consequence of RWL. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of pathogenic weight-management protocols that are widely adopted by youth boxers, and yet the present outcomes showed that RWL did not translate into competitive success in these elite Olympic-style boxers in Europe. Therefore, the authors suggest a mandatory educational program that should simultaneously target all the mentioned issues including both health- and performance-threatening consequences.

scholarly journals Portuguese Football Federation consensus statement 2020: nutrition and performance in football

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001082
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Abreu ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Paulo Beckert ◽  
José P Marques ◽  
Samuel Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Practical Constraints ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football’s physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.

Injuries and Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes: A Korean Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChanWoo Kim ◽  
Ki Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives To report injury patterns associated with training activities of elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes who are expected to represent South Korea in the future. Methods Beginning in 2019, we prospectively collected data on elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes at the Korean Training Center. The athletes were assessed by sports medicine doctors, and data were stratified according to sex, weight class, injury location, injuries during the weight loss period, and weight loss method. We used χ2 tests were used to compare groups. Injury rates were expressed as Poisson rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results There were 117 male and 102 female elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes. The mean weight loss among athletes was 3.37 (±1.23) kg, and the mean duration of weight loss was 7.53 (±3.40) days. In general, all athletes used similar weight loss methods. We recorded 846 injuries (annual average, 3.98 injuries/athlete). In general, female athletes had higher injury rates than their male counterparts. Additionally, the athletes had significantly higher injury rates during weight loss periods than during other periods of training. When all athletes were considered, most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (63.2%), followed by the trunk (14.2%), upper extremities (16.3%), and the head and neck area (6.3%). The injury severity significantly influenced the body regions in weight categories. Conclusion Rapid weight loss is related to the incidence of sports damage in athletes. Most injuries occur during weight loss periods in South Korean elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes. Moreover, the injury rate and injury severity depends on weight class.

Lightest weight-class athletes are at higher risk of weight regain: results from the French-Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léna Pélissier ◽  
Gaël Ennequin ◽  
Sarah Bagot ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Thomas Lachèze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class

Evaluation of cancer patients’ perspectives on weight management counseling at a comprehensive cancer center.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18041-e18041
Author(s):  
Damien Mikael Hansra ◽  
Cynthia Daniels ◽  
Ricardo H. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Weight Management Counseling

e18041 Background: Over 2/3 of Americans are Overweight (OW) or obese (OB). Being OW or OB is a risk factor for a variety of cancers & denotes a worse prognosis for some. Evidenced based strategies on management of OW & OB patients (pts) are lacking. Data shows the majority of physicians are OW & OB and confidence in obesity counseling in these individuals is less compared with normal weight (NW) counterparts. Here we report the results of a survey on cancer pt’s opinions weight management counseling. Methods: An HRPP exemption was obtained. Pts asked to complete a 20-question (Q) survey. Clinical info collected: age, race, cancer type, weight class (underweight, NW, OW, OB, unsure but likely overweight). Survey Qs asked about optimal timing, type of weight counseling preferences. Also, Qs regarding importance of their oncologists (ONCO) BMI assessed. Secondary Qs about pt risk factors for obesity, pt willingness, & pt preferred modalities to change dietary & exercise habits also assessed. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA used to compare mean responses. P-values reported α = 0.05. Results: 245 cancer pts completed the survey. Demographics: 53% white, 37% black, 8% multiracial, 1% American Indian, 1% Asian. Majority of pts 51-65 years old (55%) and female ( > 75%). 71% (175/245) of pts were OW or OB vs. 29% (70/245) of pts with normal weight. 78% (191/245) of pts had breast cancer vs. 22% (54/245) other cancers. Main results: The best time for an ONCO to address weight reduction with pts is? “Anytime” = 45% (111/245), “First visit” = 27% (65/245), “After primary treatment” = 27% (65/245), “Never” = 1% (2/245) (p < 0.01). The approach pts prefer ONCO use to counsel on weight reduction is? “Educational approach” = 26% (65/245), “Direct approach” = 24% (59/245), “Passive approach” = 8% (20/245), “Passive & educational” = 18% (44/245), “Direct & educational” = 18% (43/245), “Other approaches” = 5% (12/245), “No approach, I don’t want counseling” = 1% (2/245) (p < 0.01). Who would you listen to MOST about weight loss advice? “Normal weight ONCO” = 41% (101/245), “The BMI of my ONCO does not matter” = 53% (131/245), “OB or OW” 5% (13/245) (p < 0.01). Results of secondary Qs included in presentation. Conclusions: Almost all pts would like to discuss weight loss with their oncologist on the first visit or after primary treatment has been completed. Also, most pts would like to receive counseling by their oncologist regardless of their oncologist’s weight. Furthermore, pts seem to prefer education about why weight loss is important be included in their weight loss counseling.

Effect of rapid weight loss on performance in combat sport male athletes: does adaptation to chronic weight cycling play a role?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (18) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro H Mendes ◽  
Aline C Tritto ◽  
João Paulo L F Guilherme ◽  
Marina Y Solis ◽  
Douglas E Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Male Athletes

scholarly journals Effet de la perte rapide volontaire de poids au cours d’un camp d’entraînement de deux semaines sur les paramètres hydro-électrolytiques et les performances des judokas de l’élite en Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3119-3130
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Kouassi ◽  
N’guessan Kouame ◽  
Brigitte A. Tonon ◽  
Polycarpe Gouthon ◽  
Basile K. Nouatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
And Performance

Malgré les risques potentiels, des judokas pratiquent la perte rapide volontaire de poids en période de compétition. L’objectif de la présente étude était de mesurer les modifications induites par la perte rapide volontaire de poids (PRVP) sur les paramètres hydro-électrolytiques et les performances lors des tests de terrain, chez les judokas de Côte d’Ivoire pendant un camp d’entraînement (CE) de 15 jours. Pendant le CE, 33 judokas (22,8 ± 3,3 ans) dont 25 hommes et 8 dames ont accepté de participer à cette étude prospective. Le poids, les concentrations des électrolytes urinaires, les performances à trois tests de terrain, la densité urinaire ont été évalués juste avant et à la fin du CE. A la fin du CE, les judokas pratiquants de la PRVP (groupe PP), ont perdu en moyenne 6,0 ± 0,2% de leur poids (p < 0,001) et étaient à un niveau de déshydratation sévère, alors que chez leurs homologues non pratiquants (groupe SP), le poids n’a pas varié (p > 0,05). Dans le groupe PP, la concentration de K+ a augmenté de 32,0% (p = 0,03) tandis que le ratio Na/K, les performances au « special judo fitness test », au saut en squat et le ̇O2 max ont baissé respectivement de 31,4% (p = 0,04), 4,2% (p < 0,001), 6,5% (p < 0,0001) et 1,5% (p < 0,001). Dans le groupe SP, aucune modification significative n’a été observée (p > 0,05). Au regard des risques que la PRVP présente pour la santé et la performance, tous les acteurs devraient comprendre la nécessité en cas de besoin, de procéder par une perte lente et progressive de poids en période de préparation aux compétitions.Mots clés: Judo, test de terrain, électrolytes, perte rapide volontaire de poids, déshydratation, Afrique subsaharienne. English Title: Effect of rapid weight loss during a two-week training camp on hydro electrolytic parameters and performance of elite judokas in Ivory CoastDespite the potential risks, judokas practice rapid weight loss during competitive periods. The objective of this study was to measure the  changes induced by rapid weight loss (RWL) on hydro-electrolytic  parameters and performance during field tests in judokas from Ivory Coast during a 15-day training camp (TC). During the TC, 33 judokas (22.8 ± 3.3 years old) including 25 men and 8 women agreed to participate in this prospective study. Weight, urinary electrolyte concentrations, performance in three field tests, urinary density were assessed just before and at the end of the TC. At the end of the TC, the judokas practicing RWL (PP group), lost on average 6.0 ± 0.2% of their weight (p < 0.001) and were at a severe level of dehydration, while among their non-practicing counterparts (SP group), the weight did not change (p > 0.05). In the PP group, the concentration of K+ increased by 32.0% (p = 0.03) while the Na/K ratio, performance in the special judo fitness test, squat jump and VO2 max decreased by 31.4% (p = 0.04), 4.2% (p < 0.001), 6.5% (p < 0.0001) and 1.5% (p < 0.001) respectively. In the SP group, no significant changes were observed (p > 0.05). In view of the health and performance risks that the RWL poses, all stakeholders should understand the need, if necessary, to proceed with a slow and gradual weight loss during the preparation period for competitions.Keywords: Judo, field test, electrolytes, rapid weight loss, dehydration, sub-Saharan Africa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document