Injuries and Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes: A Korean Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChanWoo Kim ◽  
Ki Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives To report injury patterns associated with training activities of elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes who are expected to represent South Korea in the future. Methods Beginning in 2019, we prospectively collected data on elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes at the Korean Training Center. The athletes were assessed by sports medicine doctors, and data were stratified according to sex, weight class, injury location, injuries during the weight loss period, and weight loss method. We used χ2 tests were used to compare groups. Injury rates were expressed as Poisson rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results There were 117 male and 102 female elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes. The mean weight loss among athletes was 3.37 (±1.23) kg, and the mean duration of weight loss was 7.53 (±3.40) days. In general, all athletes used similar weight loss methods. We recorded 846 injuries (annual average, 3.98 injuries/athlete). In general, female athletes had higher injury rates than their male counterparts. Additionally, the athletes had significantly higher injury rates during weight loss periods than during other periods of training. When all athletes were considered, most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (63.2%), followed by the trunk (14.2%), upper extremities (16.3%), and the head and neck area (6.3%). The injury severity significantly influenced the body regions in weight categories. Conclusion Rapid weight loss is related to the incidence of sports damage in athletes. Most injuries occur during weight loss periods in South Korean elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes. Moreover, the injury rate and injury severity depends on weight class.

Type of injury and recovery time in elite adolescent Korean judo athletes: An epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412199095
Author(s):  
Hyun-Chul Kim ◽  
Ki-Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Type Of Injury

We aimed to assess the risk of injury associated with training activities in a population of elite adolescent judo athletes, expected to represent South Korea. From 2019, we prospectively collected data on elite adolescent judo athletes at the Korean Training Center. The athletes were assessed by sports medicine doctors, and data were stratified according to sex, weight class, and injury location. We used χ2 tests to compare groups. Injury rates were expressed as Poisson rates with 95% confidence intervals. One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the pain score and recovery time due to type of injury. The study included 240 elite adolescent judo athletes whose 617 injuries (annual average, 2.57 injuries/athlete) were recorded. When all athletes were considered, most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (39.71%), followed by the upper extremities (36.63%), trunk (16.69%), and head and neck area (6.97%). Recovery time significantly differed according to the body regions in the weight classes. The pain score and recovery time according to the type of injury were significantly different. When the pain score decreased by 1, the recovery time decreased by about 1.47 days. In all weight classes, female athletes had a higher injury rate than male athletes; both male and female athletes had different recovery time depending on their weight class. The type of injury influenced the pain score and recovery time, with pain score being associated with recovery time.

Rapid Weight Gain Following Weight Cutting in Male and Female Professional Mixed Martial Artists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kadhiresan R. Murugappan ◽  
Ariel Mueller ◽  
Daniel P. Walsh ◽  
Shahzad Shaefi ◽  
Akiva Leibowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Small Series

Rapid weight loss or “weight cutting” is a common but potentially harmful practice used in mixed martial arts competition. Following the official weigh-in, competitors refeed and rehydrate themselves in a process known as rapid weight gain (RWG) to realize a potential competitive advantage. While data from surveys and small series have indicated the majority of mixed martial arts athletes engage in rapid weight loss, there is a lack of officially collected data from sanctioning organizations describing its prevalence. The present investigation represents a summary of the data collected between December 2015 and January 2018 by the California State Athletic Commission. In total, 512 professional mixed martial artists (455 males and 57 females) were included. Of these, 503 (98%) athletes gained body mass between weigh-in and their bouts. Total RWG between weigh-in and competition was 5.5 ± 2.5 kg, corresponding to an 8.1% ± 3.6% body mass increase. Total RWG was 5.6 ± 2.5 kg (8.1% ± 3.6%) for males and 4.5 ± 2.3 kg (8.0% ± 3.8%) for females. More than one quarter of men and one third of women gained >10% body mass between weigh-in and competition. Athletes from leading international promotions gained more absolute, but not relative, body mass than those from regional promotions. Our findings indicate RWG is nearly ubiquitous in professional , with a similar prevalence in male and female athletes. Trends based on promotion suggest a larger magnitude of RWG in presumably more experienced and/or successful mixed martial artists from leading international promotions.

scholarly journals Injury Risk in New Zealand Rugby Union: A Nationwide Study of Injury Insurance Claims from 2005 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Quarrie ◽  
Simon Gianotti ◽  
Ian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Accident Compensation ◽  
Tissue Injuries

Abstract Objectives The Accident Compensation Corporation is a compulsory, 24-h, no-fault personal injury insurance scheme in New Zealand. The purpose of this large-scale retrospective cohort study was to use Accident Compensation Corporation records to provide information about rugby injury epidemiology in New Zealand, with a focus on describing differences in risk by age and gender. Methods A total of 635,657 rugby injury claims were made to the Accident Compensation Corporation for players aged 5–40 years over the period 2005–2017. Information about player numbers and estimates of player exposure was obtained from New Zealand Rugby, the administrative organisation for rugby in New Zealand. Results Over three quarters of claims (76%) were for soft-tissue injuries, with 11% resulting from fractures or dislocations, 6.7% from lacerations, 3.1% from concussions and 2.0% from dental injuries. Body regions injured included shoulder (14%), knee (14%), wrist/hand (13%), neck/spine (13%), head/face (12%), leg (11%) and ankle (10%). The probability of a player making at least one injury claim in a season (expressed as a percentage) was calculated under the assumption that the incidence of claims follows a Poisson distribution. Players aged 5–6 years had a probability of making at least one claim per season of 1.0%, compared to 8.3% for players aged 7–12 years, 35% for age 13–17 years, 53% for age 18–20 years, 57% for age 21–30 years and 47% for age 31–40 years. The overall probability of making at least one claim per season across all age groups was 29%. The relative claim rate for adults (players aged 18 years and over) was 3.92 (90% confidence interval 3.90–3.94) times that of children. Ten percent of players were female, and they sustained 6% of the injuries. Overall, the relative claim rate for female players was 0.57 times that of male players (90% confidence interval 0.56–0.58). The relative claim rate of female to male players tended to increase with age. There were very few female players aged over 30 years; however, those who did play had higher claim rates than male players of the same age group (1.49; 90% confidence interval 1.45–1.53). Conclusions Injuries resulting from rugby are distributed across the body, and most of the claims are for soft-tissue injuries. Rates of injury increase rapidly through the teenage years until the early 20 s; for male players they then decrease until the mid-30 s. For female players, the injury rate does not decrease as players move into their 30 s. Combining Accident Compensation Corporation injury claim data with national player registration data provides useful information about the risks faced by New Zealand’s community rugby players, and the insights derived are used in the development of rugby injury prevention programme content.

scholarly journals ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE AND MALE SOCCER ATHLETES: ARE MATCH ACL RATES BEING UNDERESTIMATED?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0000
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Gray ◽  
Scott M. Miller ◽  
Samuel Galloway ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Emily Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in Missouri high school female and male soccer players during the 2011-2013 seasons, using a single postseason survey sent to coaches. Our hypothesis is a single postseason survey be a feasible method to measure a large number of athletic exposures (AEs) and ACL injuries. We also hypothesize that “traditional” methods for calculating athletic exposures likely underestimate the actual burden of ACL injuries in high school soccer matches. Methods: The study was IRB approved through the University of Missouri. A web-based survey was developed and sent to every girls and boys high school soccer coach in Missouri using a Missouri State High School Activities Association (MSHSAA) database. In order to calculate AEs, questions were asked about the average number of athletes who participated in tryouts, practices, and matches along with the specific number of tryouts, practices, and matches for the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons. Coaches were also asked the number of ACL injuries their team suffered. No medical personnel were involved in filling out the surveys. Athletic exposures (AEs) were calculated using the formulas below. Match athletic exposures were calculated using a “traditional” method and also an “athlete at risk” method. The primary outcome measure was ACL injuries. Formulas for Calculation of Athletic Exposures (AEs) Tryouts & Practice= (a*A) + (b*B) Match (Traditional)= (c*C) Match (Athlete at Risk)= (11*C) a = average number of players participating in tryouts A = number of tryout sessions b = average number of players participating in practices B = number of practices in a season c = average number of players participating in matches C = number of matches in a season Results: In total, 885 coaches were sent surveys and 160 (18.1%) coaches responded, with 84 coaches representing girls soccer teams and 76 representing boys teams. A total of 323,010 AEs (160,756 female and 162,254 male) were reported of which 228,608 AEs (71%) took place in practices. 94,402 AEs occurred in matches using the “traditional” method and 61,963 AEs in matches using the “athlete at risk” method. 36 ACL injuries (28 female and 8 male) were reported. Of the 28 female ACL injuries, 25 happened during high school soccer activities (23 match, 2 practice). 3 ACL injuries occurred outside of high school soccer activities (1 club soccer, 1 volleyball, 1 unknown.) All 8 male ACL injuries were suffered during a high school match. Female athletes had an ACL injury rate of 0.16/1000 AEs compared to male athletes 0.05/1000 AEs (Table 1). Female athletes had a practice ACL injury rate of 0.02/1000 AEs and there were no ACL injuries suffered by male athletes in practice. Female athletes had a match ACL injury rate of 0.47/1000 AEs using “traditional” method and 0.70/1000 AEs by the “athlete at risk” method. Male athletes had a match ACL injury rate of 0.18/1000 AEs “traditional” method and 0.28/1000 AEs “athlete at risk” method (Figure 1). Female high school soccer athletes had a 3.2x greater risk of ACL tear than male high school soccer athletes. Female athletes were 26x more likely to tear their ACL in a match compared to practice. ACL match injury rates were 50-55% higher using the “athlete at risk” method compared to “traditional” methods for calculating match injury rates. Conclusion/Significance: A single postseason survey sent to coaches was successful in measuring AEs and ACL injury rates for a large population of high school soccer athletes. This represents an economical and feasible mechanism compared to previous studies (Table 2) to measure ACL injury rates for a high number of teams. It also allows ACL injury rates to be measured for schools and teams that do not have certified athletic trainers. “Traditional” methods for calculating match ACL injury rates greatly under represent ACL injuries compared to the “athlete at risk” method which is more representative of true injury risk exposure. A very high percentage of ACL injuries occurred during matches even though matches were responsible for only 29% of AEs. If future studies have limited resources, they should consider not recording practice AEs and ACL injuries since the likelihood of an ACL injury occurring during practice is very low compared to a match. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Operative Foot injuries in College Level Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0013
Author(s):  
Jimmy J. Chan ◽  
Kevin K. Chen ◽  
Javier Z. Guzman ◽  
Ettore Vulcano
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
College Level ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Foot Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Foot Injury ◽  
Ncaa Athletes ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Lisfranc Injuries

Category: Hindfoot, Lesser Toes, Midfoot/Forefoot, Sports, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Foot injuries represent a broad category of injuries that may have profound implications in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. Accordingly, a more thorough characterization of these injuries and what predisposes NCAA athletes to them is crucial to their prevention. This study examines the incidence and effect of foot injuries on NCAA athletes and their athletic season. Methods: Foot injuries across 16 sports among men and women during the 2004-05 to 2013-14 academic years were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP). Three common orthopaedic foot injuries were sub-analyzed, including fifth metatarsal injuries (5MT), Lisfranc injuries, and turf toes. Multiple variables were reported including injury rates per 100,000 athlete-exposures (IR), operative rate, annual injury rate trends, re-injury rates, in-season status (pre/in/post-season) at time of injury, and time loss distributions were compiled and calculated. Results: A total of 3718 foot injuries were identified over 10-year period. 4.4% of all injuries were operative. Overall foot injury rate was comparable between male (IR=31.1) and female athletes (IR=32.4); however, the operative injury rate was greater in male compared to female (IR=2.0 vs. 0.6) athletes. The top three operative injuries were 5MT (45.1%), stress fractures (12.2%), and Lisfranc injuries (7.9%). 10.8% of turf toes are re-injury, and average time loss was 7.0 days. 43% of 5MT injuries were operative, and 19.2% were re-injuries. 40.6% of 5MT injuries were season-ending with an average time loss of 36.5 days. 33% of Lisfranc injuries were operative, and 7.5% were re-injuries. 45.9% of Lisfranc injuries were season-ending with an average time loss of 25.9 days. Conclusion: Foot injuries are among the most common form of injuries that occur in NCAA athletics. In addition, these injuries can sometimes lead to significant loss of playing time and may even result in the end of the athlete’s season or career. Certain NCAA sports such as men’s football and basketball may more likely predispose patients to season ending injuries and require operative fixation. Close examination of the kinds of foot injuries and their respective mechanisms may help elucidate trends useful in the development of various prevention strategies.

Weight Loss in Adolescent Wrestlers

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Keller ◽  
Stephen E. Tolly ◽  
Patty S. Freedson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Performance Consequences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The sport of wrestling often encourages participants to engage in extreme weight loss practices in order to compete in a weight class one to three weight categories below normal weight. This review discusses the prevalence of the problem, methods wrestlers use to accomplish weight loss, and the health and performance consequences of rapid weight loss, with particular emphasis on weight cycling and minimal safe wrestling weight assessment. Some useful and practical recommendations for minimizing extreme weight loss practices are presented. Several state wrestling associations have adjusted their rules and regulations based on recommendations by organizations such as the American College of Sports Medicine to reduce the prevalence of the problem. Nevertheless, extreme weight loss continues to be a concern among health professionals, particularly with regard to health and performance.

Weight Loss and Weight Cycling in Amateur Wrestlers: Implications for Performance and Resting Metabolic Rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Horswill
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Glycogen Depletion

Amateur wrestlers practice weight loss for ergogenic reasons. The effects of rapid weight loss on aerobic performance are adverse and profound, but the effects on anaerobic performance are equivocal Anaerobic performance—strength and power—may be the most relevant type of performance to the wrestler. Maintenance of or even small decrements in anaerobic performance may translate into improvements in performance relative to the weight class, the factor by which wrestlers are matched for competition. During the recovery period between the official weigh-in and competition, wrestlers achieve at least partial nutritional recovery, which appears to benefit performance. Successive bouts of (a) weight loss to make weight and (b) recovery for performance lead to weight cycling. There is speculation that weight cycling may contribute to chronic glycogen depletion, reductions in fat-free weight, a decrease in resting metabolic rate, and an increase in body fat. The latter two would augment the difficulty of losing weight for subsequent weigh-ins. Most research indicates that the suppressed resting metabolic rate with weight loss in wrestlers appears to be transient, but subsequent research is needed for confirmation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 841-841
Author(s):  
Nadia Ben Amor ◽  
Faten Mahjoub ◽  
Olfa Berriche ◽  
Henda Jamoussi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Objectives The aim of our work was to assess the nutritional status and to determine the prevalence of undernutrition in type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized in a center specializing in Nutrition, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, which involved 40 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 18 and over, hospitalized in department A of the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. The assessment of nutritional status was carried out using clinical means (kinetics of weight loss, a dietary survey, anthropometric measurements, impedancemetry, Nutritional Risk Score 2002 for those under 70 years old and the Mini Nutritional Assessment from 70 years old) and biological (albuminemia). The positive diagnosis of malnutrition was selected according to the criteria of the High Authority of Health of 2019 for adults under 70 years, and of 2007 for elderly subjects. Results The mean age was 59.6 ± 11.59 years old. The average duration of diabetes was 10.83 ± 8.03 years. The mean level of glycated hemoglobin was 11.03 ± 1.97% and the Body Mass Index was 28.88 kg/m² with extremes ranging from 14.6 to 40.9 kg/m². Weight loss was noted in 48% of patients. Calorie intake was low in 30% of the patients. Protein and mono-unsaturated fatty acid low intake was noted in respectively 28% and 70% of patients. More than half of patients had deficiency in vitamin C, D, B12 and B9 as well as in zinc, calcium, magnesium and cooper. Iron and vitamin B12 low intake was more prevalent in patients with malnutrition (p = 0.043 and p = 0.003 respectively). The mean serum albumin was 37.58 ± 2.93 g/l with ranges ranging from 27.2 to 43.8 g/l. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 25% of patients and in half of the cases, it was severe. Conclusions Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of malnutrition with a high prevalence of dietary intakes deficiencies. Funding Sources 1. HAS. Diagnostic de la dénutrition de l'enfant et l'adulte. Service de bonnes pratiques professionnelles, 2019. 2. HAS. Stratégie de prise en charge en cas de dénutrition protéino-énergétique chez la personne âgée. Service des recommandations professionnelles. Avril 2007. 3. Anses. Actualisation des repères du PNNS: élaboration des références nutritionnelles. Saisie n° 2012-SA-0186. Avis de l'Anses. Rapport d'expertise collective. Décembre 2016.

scholarly journals Injury rate in the pediatric population of Saint Petersburg

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Karina S. Solovyova ◽  
Anna V. Zaletina
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Icd 10

Introduction. The injury rate in children remains an urgent and unresolved problem in the field of medicine. In recent years, the average injury rate in 0- to 17-year-old children is 116–118 injuries per 1000 children of the corresponding population in Russia. Aim. The study aimed to analyze the injury rates in the children in St. Petersburg in 2016 and to compare them with the injury rates of previous years and those of children in Russia. Material and methods. Based on state statistics, the indices of injury rate in the children in St. Petersburg in 2016 were evaluated. The disability in children as a result of external actions and the activities of medical and preventive institutions for providing specialized care to children with injuries were also investigated. Results and discussion. A new form of reporting by Rosstat enabled the clarification of the data with respect to the nature of the injuries and the number of bone fractures in various locations of the body in accordance with the XIX class of the ICD-10, as well as with respect to the morbidity and mortality in children owing to external causes (class XX of the ICD) that include road-traffic accidents and physical abuse. Conclusions. The rate of injury in children aged 0–14 years decreased when compared with that suggested by the previous year’s data. Further, in adolescents aged 15–17 years, the rate of injury was significantly higher than the average rate in Russia. The disability in children as a result of external actions has decreased. However, the prevention of child injuries in St. Petersburg, especially in adolescents, remains an urgent medical and social problem.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Rapid Weight Loss Practices of Taekwando Athletes and Their Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Sinan Seyhan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Body Temperature Increase

This study was conducted to determine the physiological and psychological effects of the weight loss by determining the weight loss methods commonly used by taekwondo athletes. Of the questionnaires evaluated, 107 belonged to female taekwondo athletes and 195 belonged to male taekwondo athletes. The arithmetic average, standard deviation and percent frequency (%) distributions of the obtained data were calculated. It was determined that the; first weight loss age for the competition is 15,66±3,84(kg) in males and 15,95±3,16(kg) in females; the highest weight loss rate before the competition is 4,52±2,77 (kg) in males and 4,40±5,36 (kg) in females. It was stated that 30.3% of male athletes and 41.1% of female athletes start to lose weight 3-4 weeks before the competition, that male and female athletes prefer the diet method most frequently as a rapid weight loss method and 21.5% of athletes who use the weight loss method with fluid loss prefer to run with raincoat. The athletes do not use ergogenic aids and the frequency percentage of physiological (muscle cramps, body temperature increase, heart throb, dyspnea, injury) and psychological (excessive nervousness, low performance due to high fatigue, stress) adverse effects of fast weight loss is very low.Conclusion: Unlike other martial athletes, it has been determined that Taekwondo athletes do not start to lose weight at an early age and that the majority of them try to reach the weight they want by applying the diet method among rapid weight loss methods in a very short time before the competition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document