scholarly journals Effects of a Mental Training Package on an Endurance Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Patrick ◽  
Dennis W. Hrycaiko
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Social Validation ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Training Package ◽  
Treatment Package ◽  
Elite Runner

This study aimed to examine the effects of a mental training package on the performance of a 1600-m run. Participants were 3 male triathletes and 1 male elite runner. A single-subject multiple baseline across individuals design was employed to evaluate the treatment package. Results demonstrated that the mental training package was effective in improving the running performance of the three participants who received intervention. Social validation results were favorable and indicated that participants enjoyed using the mental training package and were pleased with the results. Further, coaches felt that the results were important, especially those for the elite track athlete.

Developing Competitive Endurance Performance Using Mental Skills Training

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Thelwell ◽  
Iain A. Greenlees
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Mental Skills Training ◽  
Training Package ◽  
Mental Skill ◽  
Self Talk

The present study examined the effects of a mental skills training package on competitive gymnasium triathlon performance and evaluated the utilization and impacts of the mental skills during performance. Four participants competed against each other on ten occasions in a single-subject multiple baseline across individuals design, which was used to evaluate an intervention package including goal setting, relaxation, imagery, and self-talk. The results indicated the mental skills package to be effective in enhancing all participants’ competitive triathlon performance and usage of mental skills from baseline to intervention phases. Qualitative data revealed that each of the mental skills were employed both prior to and during each triathlon and had varying impacts depending on when they were utilized. Issues regarding mental skill effectiveness and usage within competitive endurance performance are discussed.

The Effects of a Mental Skills Training Package on Gymnasium Triathlon Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Thelwell ◽  
Iain A. Greenlees
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Mental Skills Training ◽  
Training Package

The present study examined the effects of a mental skills training package on gymnasium triathlon performance. Five participants took part in a single-subject multiple baseline across individuals design, which was used to evaluate an intervention package including goal setting, relaxation, imagery, and selftalk. The results of the study indicated the mental skills package to be effective in enhancing triathlon performance for all five participants. Additionally, all participants increased their usage of mental skills from baseline to intervention phases. Follow-up social validation checks indicated all participants to have perceived the intervention to be successful and enjoyable, and all were satisfied with delivery and content of the package. In conclusion, the findings provide further evidence to suggest mental skills training packages to be effective for endurance performance.

Effects of Public Posting on Inappropriate On-Court Behaviors by Collegiate Tennis Players

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina J. Galvan ◽  
Phillip Ward
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Social Validation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
Public Posting

A single-subject multiple baseline design across five players was used to assess the effectiveness of public posting in reducing inappropriate on-court behaviors (e.g., verbal abuse by a player during a match). Players were observed throughout the season during weekly challenge matches. The first intervention phase involved initial feedback on inappropriate behaviors and an explanation of the intervention procedures and goal setting. In the second phase, the number of inappropriate behaviors for each player was posted. Results indicated that intervention was effective in immediately reducing the number of inappropriate on-court behaviors for all players. Social validation questionnaires given to players and coaches revealed that the goals, procedures, and outcomes of the intervention were very acceptable.

Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyatta O. Rivers ◽  
Linda J. Lombardino ◽  
Cynthia K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Phonological Decoding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Letter Sound

The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generalization to VC pseudowords and real words; however, after three training sessions, this subject read all VC constructions with 100% accuracy. Findings are consistent with group training studies that have shown the benefits of decoding training on word recognition and spelling skills and with studies that have demonstrated the effects of generalization to less complex structures when more complex structures are trained.

Using Video Modeling Intervention and Speech Generating Devices To Teach Requesting Behaviors to Persons With Autism

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Karen Copple ◽  
Rajinder Koul ◽  
Devender Banda ◽  
Ellen Frye
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Video Modeling ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Speech Generating Device ◽  
Treatment Package

Abstract One of the instructional techniques reported in the literature to teach communication skills to persons with autism is video modeling (VM). VM is a form of observational learning that involves watching and imitating the desired target behavior(s) exhibited by the person on the videotape. VM has been used to teach a variety of social and communicative behaviors to persons with developmental disabilities such as autism. In this paper, we describe the VM technique and summarize the results of two single-subject experimental design studies that investigated the acquisition of spontaneous requesting skills using a speech generating device (SGD) by persons with autism following a VM intervention. The results of these two studies indicate that a VM treatment package that includes a SGD as one of its components can be effective in facilitating communication in individuals with autism who have little or no functional speech.

PENGARUH ASERTIVE TRAINING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANAK YANG BERPERILAKU MALADAPTIF DI KELURAHAN TAMANSARI KECAMATAN BANDUNG WETAN KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Januarti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Assertive Training

Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis tentang Asertive Training terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar anak yang berperilaku maladaptif di Kelurahan Tamansari Kecamatan Bandung Wetan Kota Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui rancangan subyek tunggal (single subject design) dan menggunakan model multiple baseline cross subjects untuk mengukur target perilaku. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah subyek satu yakni AM; subyek dua yakni JR; dan subyek tiga yakni NJ. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Asertive Training berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar anak berperilaku maladaptif. Tingkatan pengaruh pada masing-masing subyek bervariasi dengan subyek AM dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek komitmen, subyek JR dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek komitmen beajar dan inisiatif belajar, subyek NJ dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek inisiatif dan optimis belajar. Secara keseluruhan JR merupakan subyek yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dari intervensi Asertive Traning terhadap motivasi belajar, diantara kedua subyek yang lain. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor pendukung subyek. Melalui intervensi Asertive Training, anak mampu mengelola emosi, perasaan dan tingkah laku yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan. Kata Kunci: Anak, Motivasi Belajar, Assertive Training, Perilaku Maladaptif

PENERAPAN PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KELEKATAN ANAK DENGAN IBU ASUH DI SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dika Permatadiraja
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis tentang Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) terhadap peningkatan kelekatan anak dan ibu asuh di SOS Children’s Village Jakarta. Tahapan yang dilakukan melalui dua fase yakni Child-Directed Interaction (CDI) serta Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI).Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui rancangan subjek tunggal (single subject design) dan menggunakan model multiple baseline cross subjects untuk mengukur target perilaku. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga satu yakni PH dan ibu SU; keluarga dua yakni NM dan ibu MA; dan keluarga tiga yakni NA dan ibu AR. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PCIT berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelekatan anak dan ibu asuh. Tingkatan pengaruh pada masing-masing subjek bervariasi dengan subjek PH dan ibu SU memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek kehangatan, subjek NM dan ibu MA memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek kehangatan dan ketanggapan; serta NA dan ibu AR memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek rasa aman. Secara keseluruhan NM dan ibu MA merupakan subjek yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dari intervensi PCIT terhadap kelekatan, diantara kedua subjek yang lain. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor pendukung subjek. Hasil dari peningkatan kelekatan berdampak pada gaya pengasuhan yang penuh dengan kehangatan serta membentuk pola kelekatan ibu asuh terhadap anak yang selalu mendampingi, sensitif, responsif, penuh cinta dan kasih sayang.Kata kunci: anak, kelekatan, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, pengasuhan keluarga pengganti

scholarly journals Using the Virtual Reality-Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach to Improve Contextual Processing in Children with Autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Wang ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Contextual Processing

Background. This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a novel virtual reality-cognitive rehabilitation (VR-CR) intervention to improvecontextual processing of objectsin children with autism. Previous research supports that children with autism show deficits in contextual processing, as well as deficits in its elementary components: abstraction and cognitive flexibility.Methods. Four children with autism participated in a multiple-baseline, single-subject study. The children were taught how tosee objects in contextby reinforcing attention to pivotal contextual information.Results. All children demonstrated statistically significant improvements in contextual processing and cognitive flexibility. Mixed results were found on the control test and changes in context-related behaviours.Conclusions. Larger-scale studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness and usability in comprehensive educational programs.

Facilitating Prelinguistic Communication Skills in Young Children With Developmental Delay

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Warren ◽  
Paul J. Yoder ◽  
Gail E. Gazdag ◽  
Kyoungran Kim ◽  
Hazel A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Intervention Approach ◽  
Vocal Imitation ◽  
Milieu Teaching ◽  
Prelinguistic Communication ◽  
Stimulus Materials

Very little research has focused on the development and evaluation of intervention strategies designed to facilitate the acquisition of prelinguistic communication skills. We conducted two experiments to determine the effects of a milieu teaching approach on the acquisition and generalization of specific prelinguistic communication skills. In the first experiment, we utilized this intervention approach within a multiple baseline design to teach prelinguistic requesting, commenting, and vocal imitation to a single subject with Down syndrome and language delay. The results indicated that the intervention approach was effective at facilitating the child’s use of these skills within the treatment setting. Therefore, in the second experiment we conducted a more comprehensive analysis of this approach with 4 subjects with mental retardation. Three of these subjects were taught to request, and 1 subject was taught both to request and to comment. The effects were experimentally evaluated with multiple baseline across subjects design. The results indicated that the intervention was effective in eliciting the intervention targets within the training setting for all 4 subjects. All 4 subjects showed evidence of generalization across stimulus materials, setting, teachers, and interaction style. There was also evidence of reciprocal effects on how classroom teachers in the generalization setting interacted with the subjects as a result of changes in the child’s communication behavior.

The Effects of Community Training Using a Videodisc-Based Simulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Wissick ◽  
John W. Lloyd ◽  
Mable B. Kinzie
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Interactive Videodisc ◽  
Convenience Store ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Training Package ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Purchasing Skills

The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of using interactive videodisc for developing community based simulations for students with moderate disabilities. A multiple baseline design across students was used to assess the effects of the training package, that made use of an interactive videodisc-based simulation, on the students' skills to locate and purchase an item in simulated and natural convenience store settings. Three adolescents with moderate disabilities were taught how to access the equipment, discriminate items, and shop for snack items in a convenience store. During baseline and intervention phases, purchasing skills were assessed daily in simulated settings and weekly in natural settings. Measures included the number of extra actions to locate an item, percentage of assistance from the teacher, and number of purchasing steps completed correctly. All students learned how to access the equipment, to discriminate visuals of shopping items, and to interact in the simulated store setting. In addition for the simulated settings, students demonstrated a decrease in the number of extra actions needed to locate an item and an increase in the number of purchasing steps performed correctly.

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