scholarly journals Ultrafast time-resolved x-ray scattering reveals diffusive charge order dynamics in La2–xBaxCuO4

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax3346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Mitrano ◽  
Sangjun Lee ◽  
Ali A. Husain ◽  
Luca Delacretaz ◽  
Minhui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Charge Order ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Static Order ◽  
Ray Scattering

Charge order is universal among high-Tc cuprates, but its relation to superconductivity is unclear. While static order competes with superconductivity, dynamic order may be favorable and even contribute to Cooper pairing. Using time-resolved resonant soft x-ray scattering at a free-electron laser, we show that the charge order in prototypical La2−xBaxCuO4 exhibits transverse fluctuations at picosecond time scales. These sub–millielectron volt excitations propagate by Brownian-like diffusion and have an energy scale remarkably close to the superconducting Tc. At sub–millielectron volt energy scales, the dynamics are governed by universal scaling laws defined by the propagation of topological defects. Our results show that charge order in La2−xBaxCuO4 exhibits dynamics favorable to the in-plane superconducting tunneling and establish time-resolved x-rays as a means to study excitations at energy scales inaccessible to conventional scattering techniques.

scholarly journals Ultrafast dynamics of spin and orbital correlations in quantum materials: an energy- and momentum-resolved perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2145) ◽  
pp. 20170480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cao ◽  
D. G. Mazzone ◽  
D. Meyers ◽  
J. P. Hill ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Quantum Materials ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Ray Scattering

Many remarkable properties of quantum materials emerge from states with intricate coupling between the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Ultrafast photo-excitation of these materials holds great promise for understanding and controlling the properties of these states. Here, we introduce time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (tr-RIXS) as a means of measuring the charge, spin and orbital excitations out of equilibrium. These excitations encode the correlations and interactions that determine the detailed properties of the states generated. After outlining the basic principles and instrumentations of tr-RIXS, we review our first observations of transient antiferromagnetic correlations in quasi two dimensions in a photo-excited Mott insulator and present possible future routes of this fast-developing technique. The increasing number of X-ray free electron laser facilities not only enables tackling long-standing fundamental scientific problems, but also promises to unleash novel inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays’.

scholarly journals On the limits of observing motion in time-resolved X-ray scattering

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2145) ◽  
pp. 20170477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ware ◽  
James M. Glownia ◽  
Adi Natan ◽  
James P. Cryan ◽  
Philip H. Bucksbaum
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Sufficient Statistics ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Linac Coherent Light Source ◽  
Fundamental Limitation ◽  
Ray Scattering

Limits on the ability of time-resolved X-ray scattering (TRXS) to observe harmonic motion of amplitude, A and frequency, ω 0 , about an equilibrium position, R 0 , are considered. Experimental results from a TRXS experiment at the LINAC Coherent Light Source are compared to classical and quantum theories that demonstrate a fundamental limitation on the ability to observe the amplitude of motion. These comparisons demonstrate dual limits on the spatial resolution through Q max and the temporal resolution through ω max for observing the amplitude of motion. In the limit where ω max  ≈  ω 0 , the smallest observable amplitude of motion is A  = 2 π / Q max . In the limit where ω max ≥2 ω 0 , A ≤2 π / Q max is observable provided there are sufficient statistics. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays’.

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering at the ESRF High-Brilliance Beamline

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bösecke ◽  
O. Diat
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

The high-brilliance beamline (BL4/ID2) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble has been constructed with the emphasis on time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and macromolecular crystallography. It has been open to users for two years. The beamline has opened up new areas in small-angle scattering research, facilitating (a) small-angle crystallography on structures with unit cells of several hundredths of nanometres, (b) overlap with the light scattering range for the study of optical systems, (c) high photon flux for time-resolved experiments and (d) a high spatial coherence allowing submicrometre imaging with X-rays. The set-up and the detector system of the small-angle scattering station are presented. A method for obtaining absolute scattering intensities is described. The parasitic background at the station is discussed in terms of absolute scattering intensities.

scholarly journals Beyond simple small-angle X-ray scattering: developments in online complementary techniques and sample environments

IUCrJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Bras ◽  
Satoshi Koizumi ◽  
Nicholas J Terrill
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Ray Scattering

Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS) are standard tools in materials research. The simultaneous measurement of SAXS and WAXS data in time-resolved studies has gained popularity due to the complementary information obtained. Furthermore, the combination of these data with non X-ray based techniques,viaeither simultaneous or independent measurements, has advanced understanding of the driving forces that lead to the structures and morphologies of materials, which in turn give rise to their properties. The simultaneous measurement of different data regimes and types, using either X-rays or neutrons, and the desire to control parameters that initiate and control structural changes have led to greater demands on sample environments. Examples of developments in technique combinations and sample environment design are discussed, together with a brief speculation about promising future developments.

Microtubule nucleation sequence studied by time-resolved x-ray scattering and electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Eckhard Mandelkow ◽  
Joan Bordas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Ray Patterns ◽  
Ray Scattering

When a solution of microtubule protein is changed from non-polymerising to polymerising conditions (e.g. by temperature jump or mixing with GTP) there is a series of structural transitions preceding microtubule growth. These have been detected by time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and they may be classified into pre-nucleation and nucleation events. X-ray patterns are good indicators for the average behavior of the particles in solution, but they are difficult to interpret unless additional information on their structure is available. We therefore studied the assembly process by electron microscopy under conditions approaching those of the X-ray experiment. There are two difficulties in the EM approach: One is that the particles important for assembly are usually small and not very regular and therefore tend to be overlooked. Secondly EM specimens require low concentrations which favor disassembly of the particles one wants to observe since there is a dynamic equilibrium between polymers and subunits.

Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Oscillating Microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Ron Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ray Scattering

Microtubules form part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They are hollow libers of about 25 nm diameter made up of 13 protofilaments, each of which consists of a chain of heterodimers of α-and β-tubulin. Microtubules can be assembled in vitro at 37°C in the presence of GTP which is hydrolyzed during the reaction, and they are disassembled at 4°C. In contrast to most other polymers microtubules show the behavior of “dynamic instability”, i.e. they can switch between phases of growth and phases of shrinkage, even at an overall steady state [1]. In certain conditions an entire solution can be synchronized, leading to autonomous oscillations in the degree of assembly which can be observed by X-ray scattering (Fig. 1), light scattering, or electron microscopy [2-5]. In addition such solutions are capable of generating spontaneous spatial patterns [6].In an earlier study we have analyzed the structure of microtubules and their cold-induced disassembly by cryo-EM [7]. One result was that disassembly takes place by loss of protofilament fragments (tubulin oligomers) which fray apart at the microtubule ends. We also looked at microtubule oscillations by time-resolved X-ray scattering and proposed a reaction scheme [4] which involves a cyclic interconversion of tubulin, microtubules, and oligomers (Fig. 2). The present study was undertaken to answer two questions: (a) What is the nature of the oscillations as seen by time-resolved cryo-EM? (b) Do microtubules disassemble by fraying protofilament fragments during oscillations at 37°C?

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

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