Response to Comment on "A Large Excess in Apparent Solar Oblateness Due to Surface Magnetism"

<p>Diseases are multifactorial, with redundancies and synergies between various pathways. However, most of the antibody-based therapeutics in clinical trials and on the market interact with only one target thus limiting their efficacy. The targeting of multiple epitopes could improve the therapeutic index of treatment and counteract mechanisms of resistance. To this effect, a new class of therapeutics emerged: bispecific antibodies.</p><p>Bispecific formation using chemical methods is rare and low yielding and/or requires a large excess of one of the two proteins to avoid homodimerisation. In order for chemically prepared bispecifics to deliver their full potential, high-yielding, modular and reliable cross-linking technologies are required. Herein, we describe a novel approach not only for the rapid and high-yielding chemical generation of bispecific antibodies from native antibody fragments, but also for the site-specific dual functionalisation of the resulting bioconjugates. Based on orthogonal clickable functional groups, this strategy enables the assembly of functionalised bispecifics with controlled loading in a modular and convergent manner.</p>

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Large Excess Reserves in the U.S.: A View from the Cross-Section of Banks

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2191170 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Huberto M. Ennis ◽

Alexander L. Wolman

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Large Excess ◽

Excess Reserves ◽

The Cross ◽

The U.S

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The kinetics of hydration of tricalcium silicate

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v70-554 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (21) ◽

pp. 3291-3299 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. G. McCurdy ◽

B. P. Erno

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Intermediate Product ◽

Activation Energies ◽

Tricalcium Silicate ◽

Rate Data ◽

Large Excess ◽

First Order ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Subsequent Decomposition

An investigation has been made of the kinetics of hydration of tricalcium silicate at several temperatures in a large excess of water in the presence of various added ions. The rate data have been interpreted by a reaction mechanism which involves: (a) the first order hydration of tricalcium silicate to form an intermediate product, 1.5CaO•SiO2, which can react by two pathways, (b) the direct first order decomposition of intermediate, 1.5CaO•SiO2, to form lime and silica or (b′) complexing of intermediate with silica and subsequent decomposition to form lime and silica. This reaction mechanism predicts the rate of production of base during the hydration. The effect of various added ions is interpreted in terms of the proposed mechanism.Rate constants and activation energies for the various steps in the proposed mechanism are reported.

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Investigating laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for estimating uranuim by its hydroxide colloids in presence of large excess of LiCl–KCl/Cd

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s10967-021-07819-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Maji ◽

Satendra Kumar ◽

K. Sundararajan

Keyword(s):

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽

Large Excess ◽

Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽

Laser Induced Breakdown

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Vanishing GC-Rich Isochores in Mammalian Genomes

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/162.4.1837 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 162 (4) ◽

pp. 1837-1847 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Laurent Duret ◽

Marie Semon ◽

Gwenaël Piganeau ◽

Dominique Mouchiroud ◽

Nicolas Galtier

Keyword(s):

Gc Content ◽

Synonymous Substitution ◽

Equilibrium Analysis ◽

Large Excess ◽

Substitution Pattern ◽

Origin And Evolution ◽

Evolutionary Force ◽

Mammalian Genomes ◽

Human Polymorphism ◽

Probability Of Fixation

AbstractTo understand the origin and evolution of isochores—the peculiar spatial distribution of GC content within mammalian genomes—we analyzed the synonymous substitution pattern in coding sequences from closely related species in different mammalian orders. In primate and cetartiodactyls, GC-rich genes are undergoing a large excess of GC → AT substitutions over AT → GC substitutions: GC-rich isochores are slowly disappearing from the genome of these two mammalian orders. In rodents, our analyses suggest both a decrease in GC content of GC-rich isochores and an increase in GC-poor isochores, but more data will be necessary to assess the significance of this pattern. These observations question the conclusions of previous works that assumed that base composition was at equilibrium. Analysis of allele frequency in human polymorphism data, however, confirmed that in the GC-rich parts of the genome, GC alleles have a higher probability of fixation than AT alleles. This fixation bias appears not strong enough to overcome the large excess of GC → AT mutations. Thus, whatever the evolutionary force (neutral or selective) at the origin of GC-rich isochores, this force is no longer effective in mammals. We propose a model based on the biased gene conversion hypothesis that accounts for the origin of GC-rich isochores in the ancestral amniote genome and for their decline in present-day mammals.

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VII.–The Effect of the Transport of Heat on the Rate of Evaporation of Small Droplets I. Evaporation into a Large Excess of a Gas

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0080454100007718 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 65-80

Author(s):

P. G. Wright

Keyword(s):

Gaseous Phase ◽

The Other ◽

Total Resistance ◽

Large Excess ◽

Stationary Growth ◽

In Series ◽

Finite Period ◽

Rate Of Evaporation ◽

Latent Heat Of Vaporization ◽

Algebraic Formulation

SynopsisBeginning with fundamental results obtained by Mason for the effect of self-cooling on the evaporation of drops, and by Fuchs for the diffusional retardation of evaporation for small droplets of any radius, explicit expressions for the effect of the transport of heat on the rate of quasi-stationary growth or evaporation, are discussed.The simplest algebraic formulation of the results lends itself to interpretation as expressing a resistance to evaporation, the total resistance being the sum of four resistances in series. Two of these resistances, one to diffusion and one to the conduction of heat, are offered by the gaseous phase in bulk; and there are two corresponding resistances at the interface. Corrections are formulated for the effect of the heating of the droplet by radiation. These corrections may be expressed as a (finite) resistance in parallel with the other two resistances to the transfer of heat. Simplified equations are obtained for the evaporation of a liquid whose latent heat of vaporization is very large.Some remarks are made on the formation of a monodisperse aerosol by the growth of smaller droplets. Integrated expressions are obtained for particular cases of the evaporation of a droplet over a finite period of time.

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III.—On the Reduction of Ferric Iron (1) by Sulphurous Acid and (2) by Zinc Dust

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0370164600012736 ◽

1913 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Alexander Charles Cumming ◽

E. W. Hamilton Smith

Keyword(s):

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Carbonate Rocks ◽

Ferric Iron ◽

Zinc Dust ◽

The Other ◽

Additional Contribution ◽

Large Excess ◽

Other Hand

So many papers have appeared on this subject that some apology seems desirable before making an additional contribution. The amount of published work on reduction with sulphurous acid is in itself an indication that many workers have found difficulties. It has been shown that the reduction does not take place in presence of large excess of hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, but the reduction will still occur while the reaction of the solution is strongly acid. On the other hand, Hillebrand (“Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Rocks,” U.S. Bulletin, 442, p. 113) states if the solution after addition of sulphite is red in colour, it is too alkaline and acid must be added.

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