Zoning in on liver growth

Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and PDGF β-receptor (PDGFRβ) deficiency in mice is embryonic lethal and results in cardiovascular, renal, placental, and hematologic disorders. The hematologic disorders are described, and a correlation with hepatic hypocellularity is demonstrated. To explore possible causes, the colony-forming activity of fetal liver cells in vitro was assessed, and hematopoietic chimeras were demonstrated by the transplantation of mutant fetal liver cells into lethally irradiated recipients. It was found that mutant colony formation is equivalent to that of wild-type controls. Hematopoietic chimeras reconstituted with PDGF-B−/−, PDGFRβ−/−, or wild-type fetal liver cells show complete engraftment (greater than 98%) with donor granulocytes, monocytes, B cells, and T cells and display none of the cardiovascular or hematologic abnormalities seen in mutants. In mouse embryos, PDGF-B is expressed by vascular endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. After birth, expression is seen in macrophages and neurons. This study demonstrates that hematopoietic PDGF-B or PDGFRβ expression is not required for hematopoiesis or integrity of the cardiovascular system. It is argued that metabolic stress arising from mutant defects in the placenta, heart, or blood vessels may lead to impaired liver growth and decreased production of blood cells. The chimera models in this study will serve as valuable tools to test the role of PDGF in inflammatory and immune responses.

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Implication for Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells in Hepatocyte Regeneration after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

International Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2013/310612 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Pilat ◽

L. Unger ◽

G. A. Berlakovich

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Regeneration ◽

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Hepatic Regeneration ◽

Liver Growth ◽

Cell Source ◽

The Impact

The liver has the outstanding ability to regenerate itself and restore parenchymal tissue after injury. The most common cell source in liver growth/regeneration is replication of preexisting hepatocytes although liver progenitor cells have been postulated to participate in liver regeneration in cases of massive injury. Bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSC) have the formal capacity to act as a source for hepatic regeneration under special circumstances; however, the impact of this process in liver tissue maintenance and regeneration remains controversial. Whether BM-HSC are involved in liver regeneration or not would be of particular interest as the cells have been suggested to be an alternative donor source for the treatment of liver failure. Data from murine models of liver disease show that BM-HSC can repopulate liver tissue and restore liver function; however, data obtained from human liver transplantation show only little evidence for liver regeneration by this mechanism. The cell source for liver regeneration seems to depend on the nature of regeneration process and the extent of injury; however, the precise mechanisms still need to be resolved. Current data suggest, that in human orthotopic liver transplantation, liver regeneration by BM-HSC is a rather rare event and therefore not of clinical relevance.

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Sarcopenia predicts reduced liver growth and reduced resectability in patients undergoing portal vein embolization before liver resection. - A DRAGON COLLABORATIVE analysis of 306 patients

HPB ◽

10.1016/j.hpb.2021.08.818 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Heil ◽

Franziska Heid ◽

Wolf O. Bechstein ◽

Bergthor Björnsson ◽

Torkel B. Brismar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Resection ◽

Portal Vein ◽

Portal Vein Embolization ◽

Liver Growth ◽

Collaborative Analysis

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Integrated Analysis of Liver Transcriptome, miRNA, and Proteome of Chinese Indigenous Breed Ningxiang Pig in Three Developmental Stages Uncovers Significant miRNA–mRNA–Protein Networks in Lipid Metabolism

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.709521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Biao Li ◽

Jinzeng Yang ◽

Yan Gong ◽

Yu Xiao ◽

Qinghua Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Liver Development ◽

Liver Growth ◽

Functional Transformation ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Glycolipid Metabolism

Liver is an important metabolic organ of mammals. During each transitional period of life, liver metabolism is programmed by a complex molecular regulatory system for multiple physiological functions, many pathways of which are regulated by hormones and cytokines, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors. To gain a comprehensive and unbiased molecular understanding of liver growth and development in Ningxiang pigs, we analyzed the mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteomes of the livers of Ningxiang pigs during lactation, nursery, and fattening periods. A total of 22,411 genes (19,653 known mRNAs and 2758 novel mRNAs), 1122 miRNAs (384 known miRNAs and 738 novel miRNAs), and 1123 unique proteins with medium and high abundance were identified by high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry. We show that the differences in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or protein levels were readily identified by comparing different time periods, providing evidence that functional changes that may occur during liver development are widespread. In addition, we found many overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs)/differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to glycolipid metabolism in any group comparison. These overlapping DEGs/DEMs/DGPs may play an important role in functional transformation during liver development. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis revealed multiple expression patterns of mRNA, miRNA, and protein in the liver. Furthermore, several diverse key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including immune defense, glycolipid metabolism, protein transport and uptake, and cell proliferation and development, were identified by combined analysis of DEGs and DGPs. A number of predicted miRNA–mRNA–protein pairs were found and validated by qRT-PCR and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays. The results provide new and important information about the genetic breeding of Ningxiang pigs, which represents a foundation for further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of dynamic development of liver tissue, functional transformation, and lipid metabolism.

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