scholarly journals A cytoplasmic role of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional cofactors Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygopus in tooth enamel formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (465) ◽  
pp. eaah4598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Cantù ◽  
Pierfrancesco Pagella ◽  
Tania D. Shajiei ◽  
Dario Zimmerli ◽  
Tomas Valenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Transcriptional Cofactors

Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Aditi Priyamvara ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Antara Bagchi ◽  
Raveena Kelkar ◽  
Rajaram Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: It is known that hormonal imbalances during pregnancy make women more susceptible to dental problems. High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy, lead to an increased inflammatory response to dental plaque thus causing predisposing to gum diseases such as gingivitis. If untreated, gingivitis leads to chronic periodontitis which may manifest systemically in form of cardiovascular, endocrine or even respiratory disorders. Also, hyperacidity in the oral cavity due to gastric reflux and vomiting leads to decreased pH thus damaging the tooth enamel making the oral cavity more prone to tooth decay and tooth loss. Studies also show that periodontal disease can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-term and low birth weight babies. Objectives: We sought to understand the role of oral health in pregnancy. Methods: We identified major articles of interest in the field of oral health in pregnancy and drafted a mini-symposium based on relevant information. Conclusion: Regular dental visits and cognizant efforts to sustain a healthy oral environment can help women in the prevention and treatment of dental issues during pregnancy. The paper highlights the common oral manifestations during pregnancy and their local and systemic impact on the body during pregnancy. Furthermore, it also emphasizes the importance of good oral health practices to counteract the oral complications and the significance of oral health awareness in pregnant women.

scholarly journals The genetics of amelogenesis imperfecta: a review of the literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Leme Godoy dos Santos ◽  
Sergio Roberto Peres Line
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Kallikrein 4

A melogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited defects of dental enamel formation that show both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Enamel findings in AI are highly variable, ranging from deficient enamel formation to defects in the mineral and protein content. Enamel formation requires the expression of multiple genes that transcribes matrix proteins and proteinases needed to control the complex process of crystal growth and mineralization. The AI phenotypes depend on the specific gene involved, the location and type of mutation, and the corresponding putative change at the protein level. Different inheritance patterns such as X-linked, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types have been reported. Mutations in the amelogenin, enamelin, and kallikrein-4 genes have been demonstrated to result in different types of AI and a number of other genes critical to enamel formation have been identified and proposed as candidates for AI. The aim of this article was to present an evaluation of the literature regarding role of proteins and proteinases important to enamel formation and mutation associated with AI.

The Formation and Properties of the Organic Matrix of Reptilian Tooth Enamel

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (43) ◽  
pp. 349-367
Author(s):  
D.F. G. POOLE
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Form Birefringence ◽  
Parallel Fibres ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Elementary State ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Matrix Production

A number of features of enamel formation in the lizard Agama atricollis are described. The behaviour and properties of the ameloblasts indicate that the process of enamel formation is similar to the corresponding process in mammals; the fibrous enamel matrix appears to be formed from outgrowths of the cytoplasm of these cells. Interprismatic material, as it is known in mammals, is not produced, so that reptilian matrix tends to be uniformly fibrous. Nevertheless, the fibres are initially arranged in groups corresponding to the ameloblasts. There is no distinct pre-enamel stage because matrix production is immediately followed by a limited influx of mineral in an elementary state, converting the matrix into an basiphil form. Striae of Retzius may be due to periodic pauses in the normal process of matrix production enabling the ameloblasts to assimilate and secrete mineral. Before the onset of final calcification, the matrix seems to undergo a modification rendering it capable of influencing the size and orientation of mineral crystallites. The organic matrix has a refractive index of 1.57 and has no intrinsic birefringence. However, in suitable liquids the parallel fibres produce a positive form birefringence. If paraffin wax is allowed to crystallize on the matrix, optically negative streaks are formed parallel with the fibres, perhaps as the result of crystal overgrowth. Evidence obtained indicates that this reptilian type of ectodermal enamel is a likely precursor of the mammalian prismatic type. The evolution from one to the other could have been achieved in a comparatively simple step.

11 Role of KLK4 in Dental Enamel Formation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Simmer ◽  
Yuanyuan Hu ◽  
Amelia S. Richardson ◽  
Jan C.C. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Enamel Formation

scholarly journals Improved Application of Bomb Carbon in Teeth for Forensic Investigation

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Wang ◽  
C D Shen ◽  
P Ding ◽  
W X Yi ◽  
W D Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Formation Time ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
The Difference

While radiocarbon is widely applied in dating ancient samples, recent studies reveal that 14C concentrations in modern samples can also yield precise ages due to the atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices between 1950 and 1963. 14C concentrations in both enamel and organic matter of 13 teeth from 2 areas in China were examined to evaluate and improve this method of forensic investigation. Choosing enamel near the cervix of the tooth can reduce the error caused by the difference between the sample formation time and whole enamel formation time because tooth enamel formations take a long time to complete. A proper regional data set will be helpful to get an accurate result when calculating the age of the sample (T1) by the CALIBomb program. By subtracting the enamel formation time (t), the birth date of an individual (T2) can be confirmed by enamel F14C from 2 teeth formed at different ages. Calculated enamel formation dates by 14C concentration are basically consistent with corresponding actual values, with a mean error of 1.9 yr for all results and 0.2 yr for the samples formed after AD 1960. This method is more effective for dating samples completed after AD 1960. We also found that 14C concentrations in organic matter of tooth roots are much lower than atmospheric concentrations in root formation years, suggesting that the organic material keeps turning over even after tooth formation is complete. This might be a potential tool for identification of death age to extract a proper component for 14C dating. We also observed that δ13C values between hydroxyapatite and organic matter indicate that isotopic fractionation during the biomineralization is 8–9%‰ more positive in mineral fractions than in organic matter.

THE ROLE OF FLUORIDE IN TOOTH ENAMEL

1958 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
George L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel

A review on dental hygiene in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Shitre
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Carious Teeth

Teeth are an integral part of the human body, not only for a contagious smile but also for chewing food well. Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in humans worldwide. However, dental caries, especially early childhood caries, is still a serious health problem in developing countries. An Ayurvedic remedy plays an effective agent in the treatment of carious teeth, owing to its ability to inhibit the growth and accumulation on the surface of the tooth. This would prevent the accumulation of acids on the surface of the tooth, and thus the further demineralization and the breakdown of the tooth enamel. In The present article we have tried to describe the role of Ayurveda in the management of dental hygiene.

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