Induction of free-flowing gametes to establish a reintroduction broodstock of bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) for Lake Ontario

Abstract Intensive studies of Nelson Lake, a Sudbury area lake of intermediate pH ~5.7), were begun in 1975. The chemistry of the lake was typical of that of most PreCambrian Shield lakes except that low alkalinities and high sulphate concentrations were observed along with elevated heavy metal levels. After raising the pH of Nelson Lake to 6.4 by addition of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, the metals were reduced to background concentrations. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton communities, which at pH of 5.7 were typical of PreCambrian lakes, were not affected by the experimental elevation of lake pH.

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Impact of Proposed Burlington and Hamilton Sewage Discharges in Western Lake Ontario

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2003.040 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 627-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yerubandi R. Rao ◽

Raj C. Murthy ◽

Fausto Chiocchio ◽

Michael G. Skafel ◽

Murray N. Charlton

Keyword(s):

Action Plan ◽

Near Field ◽

Lake Ontario ◽

Zone Model ◽

Hamilton Harbour ◽

Western Lake ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Treated Effluents ◽

Typical Summer ◽

The City

Abstract The alternate strategy of open-lake discharge may alleviate the need for unusually stringent treatment needed to meet water quality goals of the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan (RAP). The latest update of the RAP recommended a study of the possibility of offshore discharges. A study conducted for the City of Burlington has proposed a location for outfall in Lake Ontario. This paper utilizes a combination of physical limnological data and mathematical models to predict the waste plume characteristics for the proposed outfall in the lake. Near-field dilutions obtained from a mixing zone model show that, for treated effluents with a discharge condition of 2 m3/s at the proposed outfall site at Burlington, the dilution ratios are in the range of 13:1 to 28:1 for weak to moderate currents during summer stratification. Winter dilution ratios increased to 21:1 to 96:1 for moderate currents. The recommended site for open-lake outfall provides acceptable near-field dilutions for treated effluents under typical lake currents and density structure. The extension of outfall to a location farther offshore is only marginally beneficial. With the proposed Burlington outfall location and discharge conditions, no far-field contamination is observed near the beaches or nearby water intakes for typical summer and winter conditions. Thus, this study indicates that by discharging the treated sewage from an outfall in Lake Ontario it is possible to achieve the Hamilton Harbour RAP goals.

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Loadings of Selected Chemicals into the St. Lawrence River System from Lake Ontario, 1986/87

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1989.037 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 589-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I.K. Tsanis ◽

J. Biberhofer ◽

C.R. Murthy ◽

A. Sylvestre

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Lake Ontario ◽

River System ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

The South ◽

Measured Concentration ◽

Chemical Monitoring ◽

The North ◽

Loading Estimates ◽

St Lawrence River

Abstract Determination of the mass output through the St. Lawrence River outflow system is an important component in computing mass balance of chemical loadings to Lake Ontario. The total flow rate in the St. Lawrence River System at the Wolfe Island area was calculated from detailed time series current meter measurements from a network of current meters and Lagrangian drifter experiments. This flow is roughly distributed in the ratio of 55% to 45% in the South and North channel, respectively. Loading estimates of selected chemicals have been made by combining the above transport calculations with the ongoing chemical monitoring data at the St. Lawrence outflow. A vertical gradient in the concentration of some organic and inorganic chemicals was observed. The measured concentration for some of the chemicals was higher during the summer months and also is higher in the South Channel than in the North Channel of the St. Lawrence River. These loading estimates are useful not only for modelling the mass balance of chemicals in Lake Ontario but also for serving as input loadings to the St. Lawrence River system from Lake Ontario.

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Identification of Taste and Odour Compounds from Western Lake Ontario

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1984.010 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B.G. Brownlee ◽

D.S. Painter ◽

R.J. Boone

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Samples ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Lake Ontario ◽

Direct Link ◽

Municipal Water Supply ◽

Municipal Water ◽

Western Lake ◽

Odour Concentration

Abstract During August, 1983 geosmin was identified in a municipal water supply drawn from western Lake Ontario. The geosmin concentrations were 0.01-0.07 μg L-1, within the range for threshold odour concentration of 0.01-0.2 μg L-1. 2-Methylisoborneol was not detected. The odour 'event' coincided with a dieoff of Cladophora in the lake, but we were not able to establish a direct link between the dieoff and geosmin production. Decomposing Cladophora in shoreline areas produced a strong odour in the air. 3-Methylindole, elemental sulfur, dimethyl tetrasulfide, and dimethyl pentasulfide were tentatively identified in water samples collected from these areas, but geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were not detected.

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Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1996.023 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 411-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michael E. Comba ◽

Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽

Klaus L.E. Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Lake Erie ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Lake Ontario ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Zebra Mussels ◽

Organic Contamination ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

St Lawrence River

Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.

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