Impact of Proposed Burlington and Hamilton Sewage Discharges in Western Lake Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerubandi R. Rao ◽  
Raj C. Murthy ◽  
Fausto Chiocchio ◽  
Michael G. Skafel ◽  
Murray N. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Hamilton Harbour ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
The City

Abstract The alternate strategy of open-lake discharge may alleviate the need for unusually stringent treatment needed to meet water quality goals of the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan (RAP). The latest update of the RAP recommended a study of the possibility of offshore discharges. A study conducted for the City of Burlington has proposed a location for outfall in Lake Ontario. This paper utilizes a combination of physical limnological data and mathematical models to predict the waste plume characteristics for the proposed outfall in the lake. Near-field dilutions obtained from a mixing zone model show that, for treated effluents with a discharge condition of 2 m3/s at the proposed outfall site at Burlington, the dilution ratios are in the range of 13:1 to 28:1 for weak to moderate currents during summer stratification. Winter dilution ratios increased to 21:1 to 96:1 for moderate currents. The recommended site for open-lake outfall provides acceptable near-field dilutions for treated effluents under typical lake currents and density structure. The extension of outfall to a location farther offshore is only marginally beneficial. With the proposed Burlington outfall location and discharge conditions, no far-field contamination is observed near the beaches or nearby water intakes for typical summer and winter conditions. Thus, this study indicates that by discharging the treated sewage from an outfall in Lake Ontario it is possible to achieve the Hamilton Harbour RAP goals.

Water Exchange Between Lake Ontario and Hamilton Harbour: Water Quality Implications

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barica ◽  
M.N. Charlton ◽  
D.J. Poulton ◽  
R. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Hamilton Harbour ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Harbour Water

Abstract Hamilton Harbour is an enclosed body of water situated at the western end of Lake Ontario and containing about 2.8 x 108 m3 of water, polluted by municipal and industrial effluents. It is connected to Lake Ontario by a ship canal, which facilitates a substantial exchange of water between the two water bodies. Exchange of harbour and lake water through the canal reduces the theoretical hydraulic residence time of the harbour and contributes to improvement of the harbour water quality through dilution and oxygenation. Without it, the Hamilton Harbour water quality situation would be more critical. The beneficial effect of dilution by Lake Ontario far exceeds contamination of western Lake Ontario by Hamilton Harbour water.

Growth of Bacterioplankton on Dissolved Organic Carbon in Hamilton Harbour and Western Lake Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzena Markosova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Sewage Sample ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hamilton Harbour ◽  
Western Lake

Abstract Bioassay procedure was used to measure dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in Hamilton Harbour and western Lake Ontario using batch experiments with an incubation time of 12 days in four experiments. Three different levels of natural DOC concentration were assayed; high concentration of DOC, 20.2 mg C/1 (influence of sewage treatment inflow); intermediate concentration of DOC, 16.7 mg C/1 (STELCO plant, industry polluted water); and an unaffected locality with low concentration of DOC, 12 mg C/1 (predominantly autochtonous input from photosynthetic activity in Lake Ontario). Decreasing DOC in all samples was observed during the first five days of experiments followed by a stabilization of DOC at a constant level. The value of the labile fraction of DOC represented 75% of total amount of DOC in the sewage sample water, 57% in the sample affected by industrial waters and 66% of DOC in unaffected sample from Lake Ontario. Bacterial growth started rapidly from the first day of batch experiments and maximal biomass was reached after two to three days. The highest bacterial biomasses were reached in the samples affected by sewage treatment waters (2.37 mg C/1) and the lowest value was observed in Lake Ontario (0.51 mg C/1).

Identification of Taste and Odour Compounds from Western Lake Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Brownlee ◽  
D.S. Painter ◽  
R.J. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Odour Concentration

Abstract During August, 1983 geosmin was identified in a municipal water supply drawn from western Lake Ontario. The geosmin concentrations were 0.01-0.07 μg L-1, within the range for threshold odour concentration of 0.01-0.2 μg L-1. 2-Methylisoborneol was not detected. The odour 'event' coincided with a dieoff of Cladophora in the lake, but we were not able to establish a direct link between the dieoff and geosmin production. Decomposing Cladophora in shoreline areas produced a strong odour in the air. 3-Methylindole, elemental sulfur, dimethyl tetrasulfide, and dimethyl pentasulfide were tentatively identified in water samples collected from these areas, but geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were not detected.

Water Quality Trends in Hamilton Harbour: 1987 to 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray N. Charlton ◽  
Robin Le Sage
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Hamilton Harbour ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
The Media ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Water Quality Trends

Abstract A series of water samples and Secchi depth measurements were conducted in Hamilton Harbour between 1987 and 1995. The data indicate little recent improvement in the harbour generally. Detection of real improvements may require high frequency sampling and a more extensive sample grid once a cause for improvement is in place. Some measures, such as chlorophyll and Secchi depth, approach RAP initial goals sometimes during recent years, but algal blooms still occur, which prevent attainment of satisfactory average conditions. The cause of aesthetic improvements in water clarity reported in the media was investigated with sampling along an inshore-offshore transect and intense Secchi measurements in the LaSalle Park area. The data are consistent with a transient clarifying effect of zebra mussels on structures near shore. The need to reduce nutrient loads as recommended in the Remedial Action Plan continues.

scholarly journals The importance of changing urban scenery in the assessment of citizens’ soundscape perception. On the need for different time-related points of view

Noise Mapping ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-161
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Vida Manzano ◽  
José Antonio Almagro Pastor ◽  
Rafael García Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Abstract The city of Granada is experimenting a big urban transformation, attending national and international commitments on clean air, energy efficiency and savings linked to greenhouse gases reduction strategies and sustainable development action plans. This situation constitutes a good scenario for new noise control approaches that take into account the sound variable and citizens empowering in urban design, such as the soundscape assessment of urban territory. In this way, soundscape tools have been used in Granada as a complementary method for environmental noise characterisation where traditional noise control techniques are difficult to be carried out or give limited results. After 2016 strategic noise map and in the preparation of the new noise action plan, the city came across a great acoustic challenge in a new area located outskirts characterised by growing urbanisation, still under development, the greatest legal protection because of sensitive teaching and hospital buildings and the greatest noise exposure from nearby ring-way supporting heavy traffic flow. As quiet urban areas are not characterised by the absence of noise but for the presence of the right noise, this research intended to provide the local administration with results and proposals to transform this conflict area in a pleasant or quiet urban place. Main results came from important and significative differences in morning and evening characterisation, as great differences appear in soundscape assessment over the day and along the soundwalk path, indicating the importance of time and local issues to adequately characterised citizens perception to be considered by administration in the development of strategies and effective noise control actions.

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