scholarly journals Qafzeh 9 Early Modern Human from Southwest Asia: age at death and sex estimation re-assessed

HOMO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Coutinho-Nogueira ◽  
Hélène Coqueugniot ◽  
Anne-marie Tillier
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Age At Death

Description and Quantification of Sexual Dimorphism of Pubic Body Shape in Hispanic Populations Using Elliptic Fourier Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Cantor ◽  
Krista Latham ◽  
Stephen Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Analysis ◽  
Hispanic Populations ◽  
Effective Principal

Sex estimation is important in the creation of a biological profile for unidentified human remains, as positive identification cannot occur until the decedent’s biological traits have been determined and the range of possible matches has been narrowed. The pubic bone is cited as one of the best indicators of sex due to the constraints of childbirth. Current methods that use the pubic bone for sex estimation, however, rely on poorly defined and subjective observations that are susceptible to inter-and intraobserver error. Additionally, many of the methods currently in use are based on North American populations and thus may not necessarily model the variation seen in other populations around the globe. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of variation in pubic bone shape in Hispanic populations by separating the influences of sex, ancestry, and age at death. A total of 164 pubic bones from North American Hispanic and Chilean individuals were compared to 287 pubic bones from individuals of Euro-American ancestry from North American collections, using Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) of photographs, principal component analysis, and ANCOVA. EFA generated five effective principal components that collectively describe approximately 95% of the variation in the shape of the pubic body. Sex, age at death, and ancestry were all found to significantly influence shape but explained only 25% of the overall variation. The remaining 75% is likely influenced by variables that cannot be controlled for in anthropological analysis, underscoring how little variance in skeletal morphology is actually explainable.

scholarly journals An early modern human presence in Sumatra 73,000–63,000 years ago

Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 548 (7667) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Westaway ◽  
J. Louys ◽  
R. Due Awe ◽  
M. J. Morwood ◽  
G. J. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Presence

The Emergence of Bone Technologies at the End of the Pleistocene in Southeast Asia: Regional and Evolutionary Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Rabett ◽  
Philip J. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Small Element ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
One Step ◽  
A Minor

For many decades Palaeolithic research viewed the development of early modern human behaviour as largely one of progress down a path towards the ‘modernity’ of the present. The European Palaeolithic sequence — the most extensively studied — was for a long time the yard-stick against which records from other regions were judged. Recent work undertaken in Africa and increasingly Asia, however, now suggests that the European evidence may tell a story that is more parochial and less universal than previously thought. While tracking developments at the large scale (the grand narrative) remains important, there is growing appreciation that to achieve a comprehensive understanding of human behavioural evolution requires an archaeologically regional perspective to balance this.One of the apparent markers of human modernity that has been sought in the global Palaeolithic record, prompted by finds in the European sequence, is innovation in bonebased technologies. As one step in the process of re-evaluating and contextualizing such innovations, in this article we explore the role of prehistoric bone technologies within the Southeast Asian sequence, where they have at least comparable antiquity to Europe and other parts of Asia. We observe a shift in the technological usage of bone — from a minor component to a medium of choice — during the second half of the Last Termination and into the Holocene. We suggest that this is consistent with it becoming a focus of the kinds of inventive behaviour demanded of foraging communities as they adapted to the far-reaching environmental and demographic changes that were reshaping this region at that time. This record represents one small element of a much wider, much longerterm adaptive process, which we would argue is not confined to the earliest instances of a particular technology or behaviour, but which forms part of an on-going story of our behavioural evolution.

scholarly journals Upper Pleistocene Human Dispersals out of Africa: A Review of the Current State of the Debate

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Beyin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Source Populations

Although there is a general consensus on African origin of early modern humans, there is disagreement about how and when they dispersed to Eurasia. This paper reviews genetic and Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic archaeological literature from northeast Africa, Arabia, and the Levant to assess the timing and geographic backgrounds of Upper Pleistocene human colonization of Eurasia. At the center of the discussion lies the question of whether eastern Africa alone was the source of Upper Pleistocene human dispersals into Eurasia or were there other loci of human expansions outside of Africa? The reviewed literature hints at two modes of early modern human colonization of Eurasia in the Upper Pleistocene: (i) from multiple Homo sapiens source populations that had entered Arabia, South Asia, and the Levant prior to and soon after the onset of the Last Interglacial (MIS-5), (ii) from a rapid dispersal out of East Africa via the Southern Route (across the Red Sea basin), dating to ~74–60 kya.

scholarly journals Heat treatment and associated early modern human behaviors in the Late Paleolithic at the Shuidonggou site

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (15) ◽  
pp. 1801-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhenYu Zhou ◽  
Ying Guan ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
ChunXue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Late Paleolithic

Shang, Hong, and Erik Trinkaus: The Early Modern Human from Tianyuan Cave, China

Anthropos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-710
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Bae
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Human

Development of modern human subadult age and sex estimation standards using multi-slice computed tomography images from medical examiner’s offices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michala K. Stock ◽  
Kyra E. Stull ◽  
Heather M. Garvin ◽  
Alexandra R. Klales
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals East African megadroughts between 135 and 75 thousand years ago and bearing on early-modern human origins

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (42) ◽  
pp. 16416-16421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Scholz ◽  
T. C. Johnson ◽  
A. S. Cohen ◽  
J. W. King ◽  
J. A. Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
East African ◽  
Modern Human Origins

scholarly journals Early modern human dispersal from Africa: genomic evidence for multiple waves of migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Tassi ◽  
Silvia Ghirotto ◽  
Massimo Mezzavilla ◽  
Sibelle Torres Vilaça ◽  
Lisa De Santi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Dispersal
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