An attempt to unravel the synonymy of Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer (Gramineae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Jan-Frits Veldkamp
Keyword(s):  
Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Šír ◽  
Miroslav Tesař ◽  
Ľubomír Lichner ◽  
Henryk Czachor

AbstractOscillations of the air temperature and tensiometric pressure of the soil water were measured in the experimental slope Tomšovka (Czech Republic, Jizera Mts, 822 m a.s.l.). The brown forest soil (Dystric Cambisols) is covered with Calamagrostis villosa, Avenella flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtilus. Thermometers were placed at a height of 5 and 200 cm above the grassland. The tensiometer was installed in the root zone of grass at a depth of 15 cm. Oscillations in a cloudless day, August 24, 2001, (sunshine duration 12.1 hour/day, daily total of global radiation 22.4 MJ/m2/day, maximum intensity of global radiation 1008 W/m2, transpiration 13.7 MJ/m2/day) were analysed in detail. The oscillations with a period of about 30 to 60 minutes were recorded in the air temperature course taken from 11 am to 5 pm. At the height of 200 cm oscillations ranged from 24 to 28°C. Concurrently, in the depth of 15 cm, the oscillations of tensiometric pressure in the range of −6 to −11 kPa were recorded from 8 am to 4 pm. It was concluded that the oscillations in the air temperature resulted from autonomous and self-regulated oscillations in the intensity of transpiration. It is evident that the 2-m air temperature was significantly influenced by transpiration of plants around the large area. The fact that the air temperature oscillated sharply confirms that the rate of transpiration was synchronized in this area. Vegetative cover thus created a self-regulated superorganism that substantially affected the temperature of the near-ground atmosphere layer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Ishchenko ◽  
V. M. Mel’nyk ◽  
І. Y. Parnikoza ◽  
V. V. Budzhak ◽  
І. І. Panchuk ◽  
...  

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kauppinen ◽  
K. Raveala ◽  
P. R. Wäli ◽  
A. L. Ruotsalainen

Author(s):  
Т.А.Т. Зыонг ◽  
В.Ю. Нешатаев

Изучение растительности городов имеет и теоретическое и практическое значение. Для Санкт-Петербурга имеются публикации лишь по некоторым районам. Классификация растительности является экологической основой ухода за зелеными насаждениями города. Парк Политехнического университета начал формироваться на месте сосняков брусничных и черничных на песчаных отложениях одновременно со строительством университета в 1900 г. Парк находится под воздействием атмосферного загрязнения, в районе наблюдалось выпадение 192–200 кг/гагод оксидов азота (в пересчете на азот). Информацию о растительных сообществах собирали на пробных площадях размером 2020 м. По данным 35 описаний выделены березовая с тремя ассоциациями и сосновая формации с пятью ассоциациями. В живом напочвенном покрове чаще других доминирует сныть – Aegopodium podagraraia, реже гравилат городской – Geum urbanum, ежа сборная – Dactylis glomerata, костер безостый – Bromopsis inermis, крапива двудомная – Urtica dioica, луговик извилистый – Avenella flexuosa, виды устойчивые к вытаптыванию (мятлик однолетний – Poa annua, подорожник большой – Plantago major). Содоминантами и константными являются виды сорно-судубравной группы (Aegopodium podagraraia, Antriscus sylvestis, Geum urbanum, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Stellaria media, Urtica dioica). Насаждения парка растут на дерново-подбурах, более плодородных (БЗ по Раменскому – 7,5–11,5), чем загородные леса на наиболее богатых дренированных местообитаниях (дубравнотравная серия типов леса, БЗ – 7,0–7,5), а тем более сосняки брусничные (БЗ – 3,3–4,6), на месте которых возник парк. Это объясняется загрязнением почв оксидами азота. The study of the vegetation of cities has both theoretical and practical significance. For the city of St. Petersburg, there are publications only on some areas. Classification of vegetation is an ecological basis for the care of the green plantations of the city. The park of the Polytechnic University was found on the place of bilberry- rich pine forest on sand deposits simultaneously with the construction of the University in 1900. The park is under the influence of atmospheric pollution, with a fall of 192 to 200 kg/haper year of nitrogen oxides (in amount of nitrogen). Information on plant communities was collected on sample plots 2020 m each. According to 35 revelés, birch with 3 associations and pine formations with 5 associations were distinguished. In the ground cover, most often dominate the obscure – Aegopodium podagraraia, less often urban gravel – Geum urbanum, hedgehogs – Dactylis glomerata, boneless beet – Bromopsis inermis, nettle – Urtica dioica, wavy hair grass – Avenella flexuosa, species resistant to trampling (Poa annua annual – grasshopper, Plantago major – plantain). Codominant and constant are species of the weed-subnemoral group (Aegopodium podagraraia, Antriscus sylvestis, Geum urbanum, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Stellaria media, Urtica dioica). The forests of the park grow on more fertile soils (FS – fertile-salinity index after Ramenskiy, 7.5–11.5) than the suburban forests of the most rich drained habitats (nemoral series of forest types, FS 7.0–7.5), and more fertile that soils of pine bilberry (FS 3.3–4.6) forests, in the place of which the park appeared. This is due to nitrogen contamination.


2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pažoutová ◽  
B. Cagaš ◽  
R. Kolínská ◽  
A. Honzátko

In our previous study of Claviceps purpurea three populations were found: G1 on open localities, G2 from shady or wet habitats and G3 on Spartina stands of coastal salt marshes. The latter two are also chemoraces. In the Czech Republic, isolates of G1 and G2 were found. The ability of four isolates representing these populations to infect and develop sclerotia on different host species (Holcus lanatus, Helictotrichon pubescens, Phalaris arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus inermis, Bromus erectus, Elytrigia repens, Avenella flexuosa, Lolium perenne, Poa nemoralis, Poa annua, and different cultivars of Poa pratensis) was studied along with their alkaloid production. P. pratensis and D. glomerata were infected by all the isolates and sclerotia were formed by isolates 207 (G1) and 434 (G2), and on two P. pratensis cultivars even by 481 (G3). Infection ability (formation of sphacelial stage and honeydew) was less host-restricted than formation of mature sclerotia. G2 and G3 strains infected A. flexuosa without sclerotia formation. L. perenne was infected only once by strain 207 (G1) without sclerotia formation. P. annua (natural host of G2), was infected by all isolates, but no sclerotia were formed even with G2 strains. From the two G2 isolates, strain 434 from Dactylis formed sclerotia on five host species, whereas isolate 475 originating from Phragmites stand formed only sphacelia. Composition of alkaloid mixture produced in sclerotia of the same strain from various hosts confirmed that host plant does not influence the type of alkaloids produced, only their ratio.


Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Ivonne J. M. Teurlings ◽  
Claudia Melis ◽  
Christina Skarpe ◽  
John D. C. Linnell

This study examines the extent to which above-ground trophic processes such as large carnivore predation on wild ungulates can cause cascading effects through the provision of carrion resources to below-ground ecosystem processes in the boreal forest of southeastern Norway. We measured the levels of 10 parameters in soil samples and 7 parameters in vegetation (wavy hair-grass, Avenella flexuosa, and bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus) at 0, 0.5 and 2 m distance from 18 roe deer (Capreolus caprelous) carcasses killed by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). We then compared these values to two control sites 20 m away from each carcass. Sampling was conducted 20–29 months after death. Neither soil nor vegetation samples showed a clear gradient in parameters (CN, NH4+, NO3−, P, PO4−, Ca, K, Mg and Na) from the center of a carcass towards the periphery. Similarly, there was no difference in the effect on soil and vegetation between winter- and summer-killed carcasses. Our results contrast with that of other studies that simulate the effect of predation with whole carcasses and which often exclude scavengers through fencing. The lack of detectable effects after about two years is likely due to the small size of roe deer carcasses and the fact that most tissues are consumed by the predator and scavengers before decomposition.


2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olívia Ďugová ◽  
Mária Barančoková ◽  
Ján Krajčí ◽  
Peter Barančok

AbstractĎugova O., Barančokova M., Krajči J., Barančok P.: Soil micromycetes and vegetation changes associated with vegetative cover destruction on chosen localities of Tatry Mountains - first approach. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 158-172, 2013.Species composition of soil micromycetes and vegetation and its changes associated with vegetative cover destruction were observed in four localities of Tatry Mts. Three research plots with different extent of vegetation destruction on each locality were subjectively chosen: control plots with almost no destruction of vegetation and soil cover (C), partially disturbed plots (B) and plots with high level of soil cover destruction where cover of herb layer was less than 20% (A). Plant species composition of control plots was characterised by the highest level of taxonomical diversity, highest cover of herb and moss layer and represented by alpine herb and grass communities on siliceous bedrock (Juncion trifidi alliance) and alpine and subalpine plant communities on calcareous bedrock (Seslerion tatrae alliance). Devastation of soil and vegetation on B and A plots was performed particularly by decreasing of herb layer cover and changes in species composition: species as Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Calluna vulgaris were absent, whereas Poa alpina, Potentilla aurea, Agrostis rupestris or Avenella flexuosa occurred on devastated plots often. From investigated soils 43 species of soil micromycetes were identified. Control plot of each locality was represented by the highest taxonomical diversity of soil micromycetes. The number of species significantly decreased on plots with successive destruction of vegetation cover (B and A). Several species were identified in just one case (Penicillium digitatum (pers.:Fr.) Sacc., Chrysosporium keratinophilum D.Frey ex J.W. Carmich. etc.). The outcomes showed that soil microorganisms as well as vascular plants react on destruction of soil cover very sensitively.


Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Banásová ◽  
Othmar Horak ◽  
Milada Čiamporová ◽  
Miriam Nadubinská ◽  
Irene Lichtscheidl

AbstractWe investigated the composition of the vegetation in two former mining regions in Central Slovakia: Banská Štiavnica with predominant Pb-Zn contamination and Staré Hory with a very high Cu content in the soil. Old heaps rich in heavy metals are covered with specific vegetation. On the Cu-rich spoil heaps, species-poor plant communities with prevailing Agrostis stolonifera, Avenella flexuosa, Acetosella vulgaris, Arabidopsis arenosa, Silene dioica, and S. vulgaris occur. Species such as Agrostis capillaris, Acetosella vulgaris, Arabidopsis arenosa, and Thlaspi caerulescens appear frequently on Pb-Zn mine wastes. Several differences in the vegetation structure were detected between the Pb-Zn and Cu mine heaps; higher amounts of vascular plants and fewer lichen species covered the Pb-Zn mine heaps. For the Cu mine heaps, on the contrary a small number of vascular species but a high number and coverage of lichen species, especially Ceratodon purpureus and Cladonia arbuscula subsp. mitis were typical. The non-metalliferous meadows in the vicinity of the mines showed uniform structure but a higher species diversity.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document