In vitro Time Kill of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia versus Escherichia coli using Cation Adjusted Muller Hinton Broth and ISO-Sensitest Broth

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell J. Lasko ◽  
Matthew L. Gethers ◽  
Jennifer L. Tabor-Rennie ◽  
David P. Nicolau ◽  
Joseph L. Kuti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Data ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) is considered the treatment of choice for infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , but limited pharmacodynamic data are available to support current susceptibility breakpoints or guide optimal dosing. Time-kill studies using a TMP/SMZ concentration of 4/40 μg/mL were conducted to compare 4 S. maltophilia with 4 Escherichia coli having the same MICs (0.25/4.75-4/76 μg/mL) in cation adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth (CAMHB) and ISO-Sensitest™ broth (ISO). With the exception of the resistant isolates (4/76 μg/mL), which resulted in regrowth approaching control, TMP/SMZ displayed significantly greater killing for E. coli compared with S. maltophilia at each MIC. Against E. coli , mean changes at 24 hour were -4.49, -1.73, -1.59, and +1.83 log 10 colony forming units (CFU) for isolates with MICs of 0.25/4.75, 1/19, 2/39, and 4/74 μg/mL, respectively. The f AUC/MIC required for stasis, 1-log 10 , and 2-log 10 CFU reductions were 40.7, 59.5, and 86.3, respectively. In contrast, TMP/SMZ displayed no stasis or CFU reductions against any S. maltophilia regardless of MIC, and no pharmacodynamic thresholds were quantifiable. Observations were consistent in both CAMHB and ISO broth. These data add increasing evidence that current TMP/SMZ susceptibility breakpoints against S. maltophilia should be reassessed.

Effect of Ethanol/Trisodium Citrate Lock on Microorganisms Causing Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Takla ◽  
S.A. Zelenitsky ◽  
L.M. Vercaigne
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hemodialysis Catheter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lock Solution ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Made In

Purpose This in vitro study tested the effectiveness of a novel 30% ethanol/4% trisodium citrate (TSC) lock solution against the most common pathogens causing hemodialysis catheter-related infections. Methods Clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n=4), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (n=8), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4) and Escherichia coli (n=4) were tested in duplicate. Bacterial suspensions of each isolate were made in a control solution of normal saline and Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), and in a lock solution of ethanol 30%, TSC 4% and MHB. Suspensions were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Colony counts were determined from samples collected at t=0 h (before exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=1 h (one hour after exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=24 h and t=48 h. To confirm the absence of viable organisms in the lock solution, the remaining volume at 48 h was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter. The filter was rinsed with 15 mL sterile water and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Results All controls demonstrated significant growth over 48 h. In the lock solutions, initial inocula were reduced to 0 viable colonies by t=1 h (6-log kill), and there was no growth at t=24 and 48 h. Filtering of lock solutions also showed no growth. These results were consistent among duplicates of all isolates. Conclusions The 30% ethanol/4% TSC lock solution consistently eradicated MRSA, MSSA, MRSE, P. aeruginosa and E. coli within 1 h of exposure. Experiments are currently underway to test this novel lock solution on preventing biofilm production by these pathogens.

scholarly journals PSV-41 Antibacterial activity of ferulic acid and sodium chlorate against Escherichia coli F18 and K88 during incubations with porcine fecal bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Arzola ◽  
Elizabeth Latham ◽  
Robin Anderson ◽  
Jaime Salinas-Chavira ◽  
Yamicela Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Porcine Feces ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Abstract The influence of ferulic acid (FA) and sodium chlorate (SC) was evaluated in two trials on the growth of Escherichia coli F18 and K88 (F18 and K88) incubated with porcine fecal bacteria. Treatments were 2 levels of FA (0 and 5 mg/mL) and 2 levels of SC (0 and 10 mM/mL). In trial one, ½-strength Mueller Hinton broth mixed with porcine feces (0.5% w/v) was inoculated with a novobiocin and naladixic acid resistant F18-strain. This fecal suspension was transferred to tubes (3/treatment) and anaerobically incubated at 39 oC for enumeration at 0, 6 and 24 h using MacConkey agar supplemented with novobiocin and naladixic acid with aerobic incubation at 37 oC. An interaction (FA x SC) at 6 and 24 h was observed (P < 0.01). At 6 h of incubation, SC alone or combined with FA had the lowest counts (P < 0.05); FA alone was lower than control but higher than SC or SC+FA (P < 0.05). At 24 h, FA alone or combined with SC had the lowest counts (P < 0.05); SC was lower than control but higher than FA or SC+FA (P < 0.05). In trial 2 were used the same procedures of trial 1, except that K88 was used. There was an interaction at 6 h (P < 0.01) where the lowest counts were in FA+SC (P < 0.05). SC alone or FA alone were lower than control but higher than SC+FA (P < 0.05). There was no interaction at 24 h (P = 0.16), where FA reduced the K88 counts (P < 0.01), however it was not affected by SC (P = 0.12). In conclusion, SC reduced E. coli counts; however, at 24 h of incubation greater reductions were observed when FA alone or combined with SC was added into the incubation fluid with porcine feces.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Trovafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in Mixed Culture with either Escherichia coli or a Vancomycin- Resistant Strain of Enterococcus faecium Determined by an Anaerobic Time-Kill Technique

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna E. T. Stearne ◽  
Clarissa Kooi ◽  
Wil H. F. Goessens ◽  
Irma A. J. M. Bakker-Woudenberg ◽  
Inge C. Gyssens
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Abscesses ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT To determine the efficacy of trovafloxacin as a possible treatment for intra-abdominal abscesses, we have developed an anaerobic time-kill technique using different inocula to study the in vitro killing ofBacteroides fragilis in pure culture or in mixed culture with either Escherichia coli or a vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecium (VREF). With inocula of 5 × 105 CFU/ml and trovafloxacin concentrations of ≤2 μg/ml, a maximum observed effect (E max) of ≥6.1 (log10 CFU/ml) was attained with all pure and mixed cultures within 24 h. With inocula of 108CFU/ml, a similar E max and a similar concentration to produce 50% of E max(EC50) for B. fragilis were found in both pure cultures and mixed cultures with E. coli. However, to produce a similar killing of B. fragilis in the mixed cultures with VREF, a 14-fold increase in the concentration of trovafloxacin was required. A vancomycin-susceptible strain of E. faecium and a trovafloxacin-resistant strain of E. coli were also found to confer a similar “protective” effect on B. fragilis against the activity of trovafloxacin. Using inocula of 109 CFU/ml, the activity of trovafloxacin was retained for E. coli and B. fragilis and was negligible against VREF. We conclude that this is a useful technique to study the anaerobic killing of mixed cultures in vitro and may be of value in predicting the killing of mixed infections in vivo. The importance of using mixed cultures and not pure cultures is clearly shown by the difference in the killing of B. fragilis in the mixed cultures tested. Trovafloxacin will probably be ineffective in the treatment of infections involving large numbers of enterococci. However, due to its ability to retain activity against large cultures of B. fragilis and E. coli, trovafloxacin could be beneficial in the treatment of intra-abdominal abscesses.

scholarly journals Eficacia antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp) sobre cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 932-938
Author(s):  
Mayra Montero-Recalde ◽  
María José Morocho-Núñez ◽  
Diana Avilés-Esquivel ◽  
Ángela Carrasco-Cando ◽  
Ramiro Erazo-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano in vitro del aceite esencial de eucalipto (Eucaliptus spp) sobre Escherichia coli ATCC® 11229 y Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 25904. Se evaluaron concentraciones al 30, 60 y 90% en dilución en etanol al 96.8%. Se determinó la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) mediante el método de microdilución en caldo. El inóculo bacteriano se estandarizó al 0.5 de la escala de MacFarland en espectofotómetro, obteniendo como resultado que las concentraciones de 60 y 90% no presentaron turbidez. La Concentración Mínima Bactericida (CMB) determinada en agar Mueller-Hinton se presentó a partir de la concentración del 60% para las dos cepas en estudio. La prueba de sensibilidad antimicrobiana indicó que todas concentraciones presentaron sensibilidad antimicrobiana y que las concentraciones al 30 y 60% no fueron significativamente diferentes, presentando halos de inhibición de 10.25 mm y 10.65 mm para la concentración de 30% para las cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, respectivamente. Por otro lado, los resultados para la cepa S. aureus subsp. aureus muestran que las concentraciones al 60% y 90% formaron halos de mayor diámetro que la cepa de E. coli.

scholarly journals Dimercaptosuccinic acid in combination with carbapenems against isogenic strains of Escherichia coli producing or not producing a metallo-β-lactamase in vitro and in murine peritonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3593-3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cheminet ◽  
V de Lastours ◽  
L Poirel ◽  
F Chau ◽  
K Peoc’h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Isogenic Strains

Abstract Background Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales represent a major therapeutic challenge. MBLs, requiring zinc at their catalytic site, could be inhibited by meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a heavy metal chelator already widely used for treating lead intoxication. Objectives To evaluate the activity of carbapenems alone or combined with DMSA against MBL-producing Escherichia coli in a severe murine peritonitis model. Methods Isogenic strains of wild-type E. coli CFT073 producing the MBLs NDM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1, and the control serine carbapenemases OXA-48 and KPC-3 were constructed. MIC determinations and time–kill assays were performed for imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem alone or in combination with DMSA. Infected mice were treated intraperitoneally for 24 h with imipenem, DMSA or their combination. Bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid and spleen were assessed at 24 h. Results DMSA in combination with each carbapenem caused a significant decrease in the MICs for all MBL-producing strains, in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not provide benefit against non-MBL strains. In mice infected with the NDM-1-producing strain, the combination of imipenem and DMSA significantly reduced bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid (P = 0.0006) and spleen (P < 0.0001), as compared with imipenem alone, with no benefit against the KPC-3-producing and CFT073 strains. DMSA concentrations in plasma of mice were comparable to those obtained in humans with a standard oral dose. Conclusions DMSA restores the activity of carbapenems against MBL-producing strains, and its combination with carbapenems appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of NDM-producing E. coli infections.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Efektivitas Antibakteri Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana dengan Ekstrak Etanol 96% terhadap Escherichia Coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Eli Sania ◽  
Sandy Vitria Kurniawan ◽  
Yohanna Angelina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton

Escherichia coli adalah bakteri normal pada pencernaan bagian bawah manusia, namun jika dalam jumlah di atas normal, E. coliakan menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif seperti obat-obatan herbal. Tanaman obat yang sudah banyak dieksplorasi sebagai senyawa antibakterial adalah daun kelor(Moringa oleifera)dan daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbandingan efektivitas antibakteri Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana dengan pelarut etanol 96% terhadap E.coli.Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental in vitro. Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana diekstrak pada 10 konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode uji yang digunakan adalah difusi cakram pada agar Mueller-Hinton. Kelompok perlakuan yaitu E. coliATCC 25922, Ciprofloksasin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan cakram yang direndam dalam etanol 96% digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif. Rata–rata zona inhibisi ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera adalah 10 mm,sedangkanekstrak daun Ziziphus mauritiana menimbulkan rata–rata zona inhibisi sebesar 14 mm.Rata–rata zona inhibisi dari kontrol positif adalah 33 mm. Kontrol negatif tidak memiliki zona inhibisi. Ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera dapat menginhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli pada konsentrasi 30% dengan zona inhibisi sebesar 7 mm, dan ekstrak daun Ziziphus mauritianadapat menginhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli pada konsentrasi 20% dengan zona inhibisi 12 mm. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Ziziphus mauritiana memiliki kemampuan antibakteri yang lebih efektif daripada Moringa oleifera.

scholarly journals Antibiotic activity in microbiological media versus that in human urine: comparison of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Drobot ◽  
J A Karlowsky ◽  
D J Hoban ◽  
G G Zhanel
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

The activities of three antibiotics in both Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and pooled human urine were compared by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Clinical and reference strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to antibiotics at concentrations achievable in human urine. The rate of bacterial killing (time to a reduction of 3 log10 CFU/ml) and the extent of bacterial killing at 24 h were examined. Between MHB and urine, there were no significant differences in the rate or extent of bacterial killing for both ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. For trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole there was no significant difference in the extent of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P > 0.1); however, there was a significant decrease in the rate of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P < 0.001). We conclude that with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, activity against E. coli in MHB is predictive of the effects in human urine. The activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in MHB predicts the extent but not the rate of bacterial killing in human urine.

scholarly journals Atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais de plantas frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isoladas de casos clínicos humanos

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T.N. Silva ◽  
P.I. Ushimaru ◽  
L.N. Barbosa ◽  
M.L.R.S. Cunha ◽  
A. Fernandes Junior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

A ação antibacteriana in vitro de óleos essenciais de seis plantas foi verificada por meio da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM=%v/v) pela diluição dos óleos em meio de cultura Mueller Hinton Agar, frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus (n=16) e Escherichia coli (n=16) isoladas de casos clínicos humanos, além de 1 amostra padrão ATCC para cada espécie (Sa ATCC 25923 e Ec ATCC 25922), e determinação de curvas de sobrevivência em concentrações equivalentes a CIM90% dos respectivos óleos. O óleo essencial de canela foi o mais eficiente, com valores de CIM90% de 0,047 e 0,09 para S. aureus e E. coli respectivamente, enquanto gengibre (0,09), cravo da índia (0,095) e capim cidreira (0,1) apresentaram eficiências semelhantes para S. aureus. Frente a E. coli, os óleos de gengibre (0,52) e capim cidreira (0,55) foram equivalentes quanto à eficiência. De acordo com as curvas de sobrevivência, foi possível verificar também que os valores de CIM90% obtidos podem ser tanto bactericidas ou bacteriostáticas de acordo com a bactéria testada. Em conclusão, verificou-se que os óleos essenciais testados foram efetivos no controle do desenvolvimento bacteriano, sendo o potencial antimicrobiano diferente em função da espécie bacteriana testada, sendo que a bactéria Gram positiva (S. aureus) mostrou-se mais susceptível aos óleos testados que a Gram negativa (E. coli).

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