scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates in the United Arab Emirates: 2004-2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Senok ◽  
Mansour Al-Zarouni ◽  
Jalila Al-Najjar ◽  
Abeer Nublusi ◽  
Debadatta Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae represent key aetiological agents in respiratory tract infections showing an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance. We present the first report on the antimicrobial resistance in S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolated from patients in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: One hundred S. pneumoniae and 102 H. influenzae strains were isolated from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections during the study period (October 2004-March 2006). Susceptibility testing to a panel of antibiotics was conducted using disc diffusion and E test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were interpreted using CLSI and Pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. Results: For S. pneumoniae isolates, 57% were penicillin susceptible while 98% were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate with both interpretative criteria. Cefaclor was the least effective cephalosporin with only 57% and 43% of isolates showing susceptibility with CLSI and PK/PD breakpoints respectively. Thirty-six isolates were ofloxacin non-susceptible (intermediate and resistant); three resistant isolates were associated with high ciprofloxacin MICs (>8mg/L). There was elevated macrolide resistance with associated high levels of erythromycin/clindamycin cross-resistance (n=22/30) suggesting predominant erm(B)-mediated resistance and 21% of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. For H. influenzae, 18% were beta-lactamase producers. Reduction in cefaclor and cefprozil susceptibility with PK/PD breakpoints (94.1% to 41.2% and 62.7% respectively) was seen and only 1% remained azithromycin and clarithomycin susceptible. For both pathogens, lowest susceptibility was with co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: These findings indicate a high level of penicillin resistance and continued usefulness of amoxicillin/clavulanate. Elevated macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance and the occurrence of multidrug resistance indicate a need for continued surveillance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
José Angel García-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan García de Lomas ◽  
Lorenzo Aguilar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was carried out and found the following percentages of resistance: cefuroxime, 46%; penicillin, 37%; macrolides, 33%; aminopenicillins, 24%; cefotaxime, 13%; and ceftriaxone, 8%. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonality pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Resistance to macrolides was higher (P < 0.05) in middle-ear samples. Higher percentages of resistance to cefuroxime and macrolides were observed among penicillin-intermediate and -resistant strains, whereas high frequencies of resistance to aminopenicillins and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were observed only among penicillin-resistant strains.

scholarly journals In Vivo Efficacy of Telithromycin (HMR3647) againstStreptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3250-3252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Okamoto ◽  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Tateda ◽  
Yoshikazu Ishii ◽  
Keizo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The in vivo activity of telithromycin against erythromycin A- and penicillin G-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was superior to that of azithromycin, clarithromycin, cefdinir, and levofloxacin. In respiratory tract infections caused by erythromycin A-susceptible S. pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae in mice, telithromycin was more effective than clarithromycin and comparable to azithromycin.

scholarly journals Trend in Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenzae Strains Isolated from Community Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections in Dakar, Senegal between 2005 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. MBI.S3819
Author(s):  
A. Guèye Ndiaye ◽  
Hounkponou Edwige ◽  
Fatou Bintou Guèye ◽  
Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections

Development of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens is a major cause of concern worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common respiratory pathogens. In this study, representative samples obtained from 3 different medical centers in Dakar, Senegal were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The samples were collected from 2005 to 2008 and the data obtained was compared to establish resistance patterns between the two years (i.e. 2005–2006 to 2007–2008). S. pneumoniae exhibited a significant increase in the resistance to azithromycin and the intermediate susceptibility to penicillin G and cotrimoxazole. H. influenzae also exhibited a significant increase in resistance to azithromycin and intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol. None of H. influenzae samples were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporin and fluroquinolones and most of the S. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated high susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Results from this study will provide greater insights to antibiotic therapy during respiratory tract infections in Dakar, Senegal. This study also establishes the importance of continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns that are often region-specific.

Etiological Trends and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Strains Causing Respiratory Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) are emerging as the most common infectious diseases of humans. Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens therefore, this project engrossed on defining the current drift of bacterial etiologies of respiratory tract infections among the patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: This cross-sectional study with non-probability consecutive sampling was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of Ziauddin Hospital. Bacterial isolates (163) were recuperated from respiratory sputum specimens obtained from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The pathogens collected for study were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables like microorganism, gender, age, duration of lower respiratory tract infections, etc. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables like age and infection duration. Furthermore, duration of disease was stratified by post stratification Chi Square with p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most commonly isolated pathogen is Moraxella catarrhalis 72.39% followed by Haemophilus influenza 14.72% and Streptococcus pneumonia 12.88%. For Streptococcus pneumoniae 47% sensitivity showed to Ampicillin, 52% Penicillin, 61.9% Erythromycin and 57% to Ceftriaxone. For Haemophilus influenzae 100%, sensitivity showed to Ceftriaxone, 100% Amoxicillin and 62.5% Co-trimoxazole. Similarly, for Moraxella catarrhalis 54% sensitivity was showed to Erythromycin, 100% Ceftriaxone and 27% with Levofloxacin. Conclusion: Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common bacterial isolates recovered from LTRIs. We found M. catarrhalis resistant rate was elevated for Levofloxacin, Streptococcus pneumonia for Co-trimoxazole and Haemophilus influenzae to all β-lactams. Keywords: Respiratory Tract Infection; Haemophilus influenzae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Streptococcus pneumonia.

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