scholarly journals Serotype 19F Multiresistant Pneumococcal Clone Harboring Two Erythromycin Resistance Determinants [erm(B) and mef(A)] in South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley McGee ◽  
Keith P. Klugman ◽  
Avril Wasas ◽  
Thora Capper ◽  
Adrian Brink
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT One hundred eighteen erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (ERSP) strains (MICs of ≥0.5 μg/ml) from five laboratories serving the private sector in South Africa were analyzed for the genes encoding resistance to macrolides. Sixty-seven ERSP strains (56.8%) contained the erm(B) gene, and 15 isolates (12.7%) contained the mef(A) gene. Thirty-six isolates (30.5%) harbored both the erm(B) and mef(A) genes and were highly resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. DNA fingerprinting by BOX-PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified 83% of these strains as belonging to a single multiresistant serotype 19F clone.

scholarly journals A Novel Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroup 19 Clone from Washington State Identified by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Restriction Fragment Length Patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki A. Luna ◽  
Daniel B. Jernigan ◽  
Alan Tice ◽  
James D. Kellner ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

In 1997, a cluster of multiresistant invasive serogroup 19 pneumococcus infections, including two fatalities, was reported in Washington State. Further investigation identified other cases. Fourteen Washington Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, four from Alaska, and eight isolates from eastern Canada with reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC of ≥1 μg/ml) were included in the study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with ApaI,SacII, and SmaI restriction enzymes and IS1167 and mef restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis were performed. Twenty of the 26 isolates had identical or related PFGE patterns, with two or all three enzymes, and identical or related IS1167 RFLP patterns, indicating that they were genetically related. These 20 isolates contained the mef gene conferring erythromycin resistance and had identical mef RFLP patterns. The PFGE and RFLP patterns were distinct from those of six multiresistant clones previously described and suggest that a new multiresistant clone has appeared in Washington, Alaska, and eastern Canada. This newly characterized clone should be included in the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Anna Skoczyńska ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Related Clone ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT β-Lactams are the drugs of choice for the treatment of infections caused by the important bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recent growth of resistance of this organism to penicillin observed worldwide is of the highest concern. In this study, using 887 surveillance pneumococcal isolates recovered in Poland from 1998 to 2002, we observed the increase in penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8.7% to 20.3%. All of the 109 penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates identified, together with 22 archival PNSP isolates from 1995 to 1997, were subsequently analyzed by susceptibility testing, serotyping, profiling of pbp genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four predominant serotypes, serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, characterized 85.5% of the isolates. MLST revealed the presence of 34 sequence types, 15 of which were novel types. Representatives of seven multiresistant international clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, Taiwan23F-15, Poland23F-16, Poland6B-20, and Sweden15A-25) or their closely related variants comprised the majority of the study isolates. The spread of Spain9V-3 and its related clone of serotype 14/ST143 has remarkably contributed to the recent increase in penicillin resistance in pneumococci in the country.

DNA fingerprinting of Eikenella cormdens by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Steffens ◽  
S. Franke ◽  
S. Nickel ◽  
A. Schwarzkopf ◽  
T. F. Flemmig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field

scholarly journals Genetic Relatedness of Recently Collected Spanish Respiratory Tract Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Amoxicillin

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3637-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pérez-Trallero ◽  
J. M. Marimón ◽  
A. González ◽  
C. García-Rey ◽  
L. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 17 hospitals, 9.8% were amoxicillin nonsusceptible (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). The genetic relatedness of 138 isolates was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although 44 different clones were detected, more than 62% of these isolates were related to four clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, and Spain14-5).

scholarly journals Class 1 Integrons Increase Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole MICs against Epidemiologically Unrelated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Barbolla ◽  
Mariana Catalano ◽  
Betina E. Orman ◽  
Angela Famiglietti ◽  
Carlos Vay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT Twenty-five plasmid-specified antimicrobial resistance determinants common to gram-negative bacilli from nosocomial infection were investigated from 31 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. Twenty-four clones were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and in three clones that exhibited an increased trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MIC, the sul1 determinant was found. These results support not only the higher spread of class 1 integrons compared to other mechanisms but also the potential limitation of using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for therapy of severe S. maltophilia infections.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Spread of Colistin-Only-Sensitive Sequence Type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Producing the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases GES-1 and GES-5 in Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 4930-4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Viedma ◽  
Carlos Juan ◽  
Joshi Acosta ◽  
Laura Zamorano ◽  
Joaquín R. Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Spanish Hospital

ABSTRACT The mechanisms responsible for the increasing prevalence of colistin-only-sensitive (COS) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in a Spanish hospital were investigated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that 24 (50%) of the studied isolates belonged to the same clone, identified as the internationally spread sequence type 235 (ST235) through multilocus sequence typing. In addition to several mutational resistance mechanisms, an integron containing seven resistance determinants was detected. Remarkably, the extended-spectrum β-lactamase GES-1 and its Gly170Ser carbapenem-hydrolyzing derivative GES-5 were first documented to be encoded in a single integron. This work is the first to describe GES enzymes in Spain and adds them to the growing list of β-lactamases of concern (PER, VIM, and OXA) detected in ST235 clone isolates.

scholarly journals A physical map of the human regulator of complement activation gene cluster linking the complement genes CR1, CR2, DAF, and C4BP.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rey-Campos ◽  
P Rubinstein ◽  
S Rodriguez de Cordoba
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Genes Encoding

We report the organization of the human genes encoding the complement components C4-binding protein (C4BP), C3b/C4b receptor (CR1), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and C3dg receptor (CR2) within the regulator of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster. Using pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis these genes have been physically linked and aligned as CR1-CR2-DAF-C4BP in an 800-kb DNA segment. The very tight linkage between the CR1 and the C4BP loci, contrasted with the relative long DNA distance between these genes, suggests the existence of mechanisms interfering with recombination within the RCA gene cluster.

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