scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Anna Skoczyńska ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Related Clone ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT β-Lactams are the drugs of choice for the treatment of infections caused by the important bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recent growth of resistance of this organism to penicillin observed worldwide is of the highest concern. In this study, using 887 surveillance pneumococcal isolates recovered in Poland from 1998 to 2002, we observed the increase in penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8.7% to 20.3%. All of the 109 penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates identified, together with 22 archival PNSP isolates from 1995 to 1997, were subsequently analyzed by susceptibility testing, serotyping, profiling of pbp genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four predominant serotypes, serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, characterized 85.5% of the isolates. MLST revealed the presence of 34 sequence types, 15 of which were novel types. Representatives of seven multiresistant international clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, Taiwan23F-15, Poland23F-16, Poland6B-20, and Sweden15A-25) or their closely related variants comprised the majority of the study isolates. The spread of Spain9V-3 and its related clone of serotype 14/ST143 has remarkably contributed to the recent increase in penicillin resistance in pneumococci in the country.

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity ofEnterococcus faeciumandEnterococcus faecalisClinical Isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing from a Hospital in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poh Leng Weng ◽  
Ramliza Ramli ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Yoke-Kqueen Cheah ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Little is known on the genetic relatedness and potential dissemination of particular enterococcal clones in Malaysia. We studied the antibiotic susceptibility profiles ofEnterococcus faeciumandEnterococcus faecalisand subjected them to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).E. faeciumandE. faecalisdisplayed 27 and 30 pulsotypes, respectively, and 10 representativeE. faeciumandE. faecalisisolates (five each) yielded few different sequence types (STs): ST17 (2 isolates), ST78, ST203, and ST601 forE. faecium, and ST6, ST16, ST28, ST179, and ST399 forE. faecalis. Resistance to tazobactam-piperacillin and ampicillin amongstE. faeciumisolates was highly observed as compared toE. faecalisisolates. All of the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The presence of epidemic and nosocomial strains of selectedE. faeciumSTs: 17, 78, and 203 andE. faecalisST6 as well as high rates of resistance to multiple antibiotics amongstE. faeciumisolates is of a particular concern.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of imipenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiisolated from US service members wounded in Iraq, 2003–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Z. HUANG ◽  
M. A. CHAHINE ◽  
J. G. FRYE ◽  
D. M. CASH ◽  
E. P. LESHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Military Treatment Facilities

SUMMARYGlobal dissemination of imipenem-resistant (IR) clones ofAcinetobacter baumannii–A. calcoaceticuscomplex (ABC) have been frequently reported but the molecular epidemiological features of IR-ABC in military treatment facilities (MTFs) have not been described. We characterized 46 IR-ABC strains from a dataset of 298 ABC isolates collected from US service members hospitalized in different US MTFs domestically and overseas during 2003–2008. All IR strains carried theblaOXA-51gene and 40 also carriedblaOXA-23on plasmids and/or chromosome; one carriedblaOXA-58and four contained ISAbal located upstream ofblaOXA-51. Strains tended to cluster by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles in time and location. Strains from two major clusters were identified as international clone I by multilocus sequence typing.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Antibiogram of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 6B Isolates from Selected Areas within the United States

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2703-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Rudolph ◽  
Alan J. Parkinson ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Ancestral Origin

Fifty-eight clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B, including 16 from Alaska, 14 from Arizona, 11 from Washington, and 17 from seven additional states, were analyzed. The antibiograms of these isolates were assigned to 10 antibiotic profiles based on their susceptibilities to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Thirty-two (55%) of these isolates were penicillin nonsusceptible, while 21 (36%) were intermediate or resistant to three or more antibiotics. The restriction endonucleases ApaI and SmaI were used to digest intact chromosomes, and the fragments were resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns were combined, and 13 of the 16 Alaskan isolates showed indistinguishable PFGE patterns. One other isolate exhibited highly related ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns, differing by only one band after restriction with ApaI. Among the 14 isolates from Arizona, 1 was indistinguishable from the predominantApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns seen in the Alaskan isolates; 5 others were highly related (±1 band after cutting with either enzyme) to the Alaskan isolates, suggesting a common ancestral origin. Of the remaining eight isolates, six additional ApaI plus SmaI PFGE patterns were observed. The 28 isolates from the various contiguous states had 22ApaI plus SmaI PFGE patterns. No correlations were found between specific PFGE patterns, antibiograms, dates of isolation, or geography. The serotype 6B isolates across the contiguous United States were genetically diverse, while the 6B isolates from Alaska appeared to be much less diverse.

scholarly journals A Novel Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroup 19 Clone from Washington State Identified by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Restriction Fragment Length Patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki A. Luna ◽  
Daniel B. Jernigan ◽  
Alan Tice ◽  
James D. Kellner ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

In 1997, a cluster of multiresistant invasive serogroup 19 pneumococcus infections, including two fatalities, was reported in Washington State. Further investigation identified other cases. Fourteen Washington Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, four from Alaska, and eight isolates from eastern Canada with reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC of ≥1 μg/ml) were included in the study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with ApaI,SacII, and SmaI restriction enzymes and IS1167 and mef restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis were performed. Twenty of the 26 isolates had identical or related PFGE patterns, with two or all three enzymes, and identical or related IS1167 RFLP patterns, indicating that they were genetically related. These 20 isolates contained the mef gene conferring erythromycin resistance and had identical mef RFLP patterns. The PFGE and RFLP patterns were distinct from those of six multiresistant clones previously described and suggest that a new multiresistant clone has appeared in Washington, Alaska, and eastern Canada. This newly characterized clone should be included in the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network.

scholarly journals Genetic Relatedness of Recently Collected Spanish Respiratory Tract Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Amoxicillin

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3637-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pérez-Trallero ◽  
J. M. Marimón ◽  
A. González ◽  
C. García-Rey ◽  
L. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 17 hospitals, 9.8% were amoxicillin nonsusceptible (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). The genetic relatedness of 138 isolates was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although 44 different clones were detected, more than 62% of these isolates were related to four clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, and Spain14-5).

scholarly journals Coagulase gene variants associated with distinct populations of Staphylococcus aureus

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. CARTER ◽  
K. BEGBIE ◽  
F. M. THOMSON-CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Distribution

An identifying characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus is the production of staphylocoagulase (coagulase). The aim of this study was to determine the clonal distribution of coagulase gene (coa) variants within populations of S. aureus defined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and protein A variation. The N-terminal region of the coa gene from 43 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 252 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus human isolates and 9 animal S. aureus isolates was amplified and digested with HinfI. Twelve types were identified amongst the MSSA isolates and the majority (93%) of MRSA isolates were assigned to 5 of the 12 types. MLST and PFGE analysis identified epidemic populations of MRSA and each epidemic population was characterized by a different coagulase type. Nine of the 12 MLST-defined clonal complex ancestral genotypes recently described each carried a different coagulase type suggesting that coagulase evolution and the evolution of the clonal complexes are intimately related.

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