scholarly journals Multilocus Sequence Typing Supports the Hypothesis that Cow- and Human-Associated Salmonella Isolates Represent Distinct and Overlapping Populations

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7575-7585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Alcaine ◽  
Y. Soyer ◽  
L. D. Warnick ◽  
W.-L. Su ◽  
S. Sukhnanand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
Mlst Scheme ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT A collection of 179 human and 156 bovine clinical Salmonella isolates obtained from across New York state over the course of 1 year was characterized using serotyping and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on the sequencing of three genes (fimA, manB, and mdh). The 335 isolates were differentiated into 52 serotypes and 72 sequence types (STs). Analyses of bovine isolates collected on different farms over time indicated that specific subtypes can persist over time on a given farm; in particular, a number of farms showed evidence for the persistence of a specific Salmonella enterica serotype Newport sequence type. Serotypes and STs were not randomly distributed among human and bovine isolates, and selected serotypes and STs were associated exclusively with either human or bovine sources. A number of common STs were geographically widespread. For example, ST6, which includes isolates representing serotype Typhimurium as well as the emerging serotype 4,5,12:i:-, was found among human and bovine isolates in a number of counties in New York state. Phylogenetic analyses supported the possibility that serotype 4,5,12:i:- is closely related to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Salmonella serotype Newport was found to represent two distinct evolutionary lineages that differ in their frequencies among human and bovine isolates. A number of Salmonella isolates carried two copies of manB (33 isolates) or showed small deletion events in fimA (nine isolates); these duplication and deletion events may provide mechanisms for the rapid diversification of Salmonella surface molecules. We conclude that the combined use of an economical three-gene MLST scheme and serotyping can provide considerable new insights into the evolution and transmission of Salmonella.

scholarly journals Changes in nutrient mass balances over time and related drivers for 54 New York State dairy farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 5313-5329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Soberon ◽  
Sebastian Cela ◽  
Quirine M. Ketterings ◽  
Caroline N. Rasmussen ◽  
Karl J. Czymmek
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
York State ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Using Hospital ED Data to Identify Mental Illness Trends After Hurricane Sandy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Lauper ◽  
Cristian Pantea ◽  
Jian-Hua Chen ◽  
Hwa-Gan Chang ◽  
Shao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
New York ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
New York State ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
York State ◽  
Over Time

Emergency department chief complaint (EDCC) data provides an opportunity for capturing the early mental health impact of disaster events at the community level, and to track their impact over time. Mental health keyword lists were generated and used to conduct a study of mental health EDCCs after Hurricane Sandy in New York State. Compared with the unaffected area, the relative risk of EDCCs in the affected counties was significantly higher during the 12-day Sandy period (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31), as well as in the 1-year post-Sandy period (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.25).

Testing for Differences in Consumer Attitudes Toward Milk in New York State

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Doyle A. Eiler ◽  
Olan D. Forker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
York State ◽  
Over Time

Market researchers are frequently interested in determining the differences in attitudes of various groups of consumers. For example, they may want to know if significant shifts in attitudes have oocurred over time or if attitudes vary by sex, income, race or market.

Adjustment of Vietnamese Refugee Youths: A Self-Report

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Daly ◽  
Mary D. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
New York State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
York State ◽  
Foster Homes ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Vietnamese Refugee

Structured interviews explored the problems of 41 Vietnamese refugee youths in foster homes in New York State. Refugees in this country 3 years or more and 1 1/2 years or less were compared. Self-reports indicated the youths were adapting well, and their social adjustment increases significantly over time.

Culturally Constrained Contention: Mapping the Meaning Structure of the Repertoire of Contention

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misty Ring-Ramirez ◽  
Heidi Reynolds-Stenson ◽  
Jennifer Earl
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Network ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
York State ◽  
Meaning Structure ◽  
Actor Networks ◽  
Repertoire Of Contention ◽  
Theoretical Category ◽  
Over Time

While social network analysis (SNA) has traditionally been used to study actor networks, it can also reveal "meaning structures" (Mohr 1998), the relationships connecting cultural elements such as ideas and practices. We argue that the repertoire of contention represents a meaning structure, analyzable using SNA of tactical co-deployments at protests. We use data from over 7,000 protest events in New York State from 1960 to 1995. Our analyses suggest that co-deployed tactics are not chosen independently or combined randomly but rather cluster into sets with distinct roles. These roles reveal cultural affinities among the tactics and are largely stable over time, although some variation related to the protest cycle and tactical form can be detected. We also examine the position of a specific theoretical category of tactics, radical tactics, within the larger tactical repertoire.

scholarly journals Pectobacterium and Dickeya Responsible for Potato Blackleg Disease in New York State in 2016

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Ma ◽  
Allison Schloop ◽  
Bryan Swingle ◽  
Keith L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New York State ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
York State ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

Beginning in 2014, outbreaks of blackleg disease compromised potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the northeastern United States. Disease severity was atypical for plantings with certified seed. During 2016, 43 samples with blackleg symptoms were analyzed, originating from more than 20 farms operating in New York State. A combination of techniques was employed to identify the blackleg pathogens: isolation in vitro, diagnostic PCR assays for Pectobacterium and Dickeya sp., pathogenicity assays, and DNA sequencing. Twenty-three bacterial isolates were obtained, the majority of which were designated D. dianthicola or P. parmentieri; two of the isolates were designated P. atrosepticum. All isolates were pathogenic in stem lesion and tuber soft rot assays and exhibited pectin degrading activity (pitting) in crystal violet pectate agar medium. Phylogenetic analyses of dnaX gene sequences placed all but one of the isolates into clades corresponding to D. dianthicola, P. parmentieri, or P. atrosepticum. One atypical isolate clustered with P. carotovorum subspecies. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that D. dianthicola from New York and the northeast are part of a single clade, and at least three different soft rot bacteria were associated with blackleg during 2016 in New York.

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